Preparation of dendritic bismuth filmelectrodes and their application for detection of trace Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ)

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2015.08.012

Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, dendritic Bi film electrodes with porous structure had successfully been prepared on glassy carbon electrode using a constant current electrolysis method based on hydrogen bubble dynamic templates.The electrode prepared using a large applied current density showed an increased internal electroactive area and a significantly improved electrochemical performance.The analytical utility of the prepared dendritic Bi film electrodes for the determination of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) in the range of 5-50μg·L^-1 were presented in combination with squarewave stripping voltammetry inmodel solution.Comparedwith non-porous Bi film electrode, the dendritic Bi film electrode exhibited higher sensitivity and lower detection limit.The prepared Bi film electrode with dendritic structure was also successfully applied to real water sample analysis.

Key words: Dendritic Bi film electrode, Electro-deposition, Hydrogen bubble dynamic template, Square wave stripping analysis, Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ)

Huizhu Zhou, Huanhuan Hou, Lei Dai, Yuehua Li, Jing Zhu, LingWang. Preparation of dendritic bismuth filmelectrodes and their application for detection of trace Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ)[J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2016, 24(3): 410-414.

Huizhu Zhou, Huanhuan Hou, Lei Dai, Yuehua Li, Jing Zhu, Ling Wang. [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016, 24(3): 410-414.

References

[1] A. Economou, P.R. Fielden, Selective determination of Ni(Ⅱ) and Co(Ⅱ) by flow injection analysis and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry on a wall jet mercury film electrode, Talanta 46(1998) 1137-1146.

[2] W. Zhang, Z.Y. Liu, S.Y. Zhu, J. Chen, G.B. Xu, Electrochemical stripping analysis of cadmium on tantalum electrode, Electrochem. Commun. 123(2010) 1291-1293.

[3] S.B. Hocevar, B. Ogorevc, J. Wang, B. Pihlar, A study on operational parameters for advanced use of bismuth film electrode in anodic stripping voltammetry, Electroanalysis 4(2002) 1707-1712.

[4] J. Wang, J.M. Lu, S.B. Hocevar, P.A.M. Farias, Bismuth-coated carbon electrodes for anodic stripping voltammetry, Anal. Chem. 72(2000) 3218-3222.

[5] K. Vytras, I. Svancara, R. Metelka, A novelty in potentiometric stripping analysis:Total replacement of mercury by bismuth, Electroanalysis 14(2002) 1359-1364.

[6] S. Legeai, S. Bois, O. Vittori, A copper bismuth film electrode for adsorptive cathodic stripping analysis of trace nickel using square wave voltammetry, J. Electroanal. Chem. 591(2010) 93-98.

[7] C. Chen, X.H. Niu, Y. Chai, H.L. Zhao, M.B. Lan, Bismuth-based porous screen-printed carbon electrodewith enhanced sensitivity for trace heavy metal detection by stripping voltammetry, Sensors Actuators B Chem. 178(2013) 339-342.

[8] A. Królicka, R. Pauliukaite, I. Svancara, R. Metelka, A. Bobrowski, E. Norkus, K. Kalcher, K. Vyt?as, Bismuth-film-plated carbon paste electrodes, Electrochem. Commun. 4(2002) 193-196.

[9] A. Królicka, A. Bobrowski, K. Kalcher, J. Mocak, I. Svancara, K. Vytras, Study on catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry of trace cobalt at bismuth film electrodes, Electroanalysis 15(2003) 1859-1863.

[10] I. Svancara, L. Baldrianova, M. Vlcek, R. Metelka, K. Vytras, A role of the plating regime in the deposition of bismuth films onto a carbon paste electrode, Electroanalysis 17(2005) 120-126.

[11] L. Baldrianová, P. Agrafiotou, I. Svancara, K. Vytras, S. Sotiropoulos, The determination of cysteine at Bi-powder carbon paste electrodes by cathodic stripping voltammetry, Electrochem. Commun. 10(2008) 918-921.

[12] M. Stoces, I. Svancara, Bismuth trifluoride-modified carbon paste electrode for electro-stripping analysis of heavy metals, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 8(2013) 5657-5671.

[13] C. Kokkinos, A. Economou, Stripping analysis at bismuth-based electrodes, Curr. Anal. Chem. 4(2008) 183-190.

[14] G. Kefala, A. Economou, M. Sofoniou, Determination of trace aluminium by adsorptive stripping voltammetry on a preplated bismuth-film electrode in the presence of cupferron, Talanta 8(2006) 1013-1019.

[15] G. Grinciene, A. Selskiene, R. Verbickas, E. Norkus, R. Pauliukaite, Peculiarities of electrochemical bismuth film formation in the presence of bromide and heavy metal ions, Electroanalysis 21(2009) 1743-1749.

[16] A. Królicka, R. Pauliukaite, I. Svancara, R. Metelka, A. Bobrowski, E. Norkus, K. Kalcher, K. Vytras, Bismuth-film-plated carbon paste electrodes, Electrochem. Commun. 4(2002) 193-196.

[17] S.B. Hocevar, I. Svancara, K. Vytras, B. Ogorevc, Novel electrode for electrochemical stripping analysis based on carbon paste modified with bismuth powder, Electrochim. Acta 51(2005) 706-710.

[18] J. Wang, Stripping analysis at bismuth electrodes:A review, Electroanalysis 17(2005) 1341-1346.

[19] I. Svancara, L. Baldrianová, E. Tesarová, S.B. Hocevar, S.A.A. Elsuccary, A. Economou, S. Sotiropoulos, B. Ogorevc, K. Vytras, Recent advances in anodic stripping voltammetry with bismuth-modified carbon paste electrodes, Electroanalysis 18(2006) 177-185.

[20] A. Walcarius, A. Kuhn, Ordered porous thin films in electrochemical analysis, Anal. Chem. 27(2008) 593-603.

[21] J. Saturno, D. Varela, H. Carrero, L. Fernandez, Electroanalytical detection of Pb, Cd and traces of Cr atmicro/nano-structured bismuth film electrodes, Sensors Actuators B Chem. 1(2011) 92-96.

[22] V. Urbanová, M. Bartoš, K. Vytras, A. Kuhn, Porous bismuth film electrodes for signal increase in anodic stripping voltammetry, Electroanalysis 22(2010) 1524-1530.

[23] S. Cherevko, X.L. Xing, C.H. Chung, Electro-deposition of three-dimensional porous silver foams, Electrochem. Commun. 12(2010) 467-470.

[24] A. Ott, L.A. Jones, K.S. Bhargava, Direct electro-deposition of porous platinumhoneycomb structures, Electrochem. Commun. 13(2011) 1248-1251.

[25] M.D. Morales,M.R.P. Marin, L.C. Blazquez, E.P. Gil, Performance of a bismuth bulk rotating disk electrode for heavymetal analysis:determination of lead in environmental samples, Electroanalysis 24(2012) 1170-1177.

[26] Y. Liang, P. Wang, H.B. Dai, Hydrogen bubbles dynamic template preparation of a porous Fe-Co-B/Ni foam catalyst for hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of alkaline sodium borohydride solution, J. Alloys Compd. 491(2010) 359-365.

[27] N. Serrano, J.M. Díaz-Cruz, C. Ariño, M. Esteban, Stripping analysis of heavymetals in tap water using the bismuth film electrode, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396(2010) 1365-1369.