Study on attrition of spherical-shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst for methane dehydro-aromatization in a gas-solid fluidized bed

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2021.03.025

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 172-183.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.03.025

• Catalysis, Kinetics and Reaction Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles

Study on attrition of spherical-shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst for methane dehydro-aromatization in a gas-solid fluidized bed

Xinzhuang Zhang^1,2,3,4,5,6, Yunda Han^1,3,4,5,6, Dapeng Li⁷, Zhanguo Zhang⁸, Xiaoxun Ma^1,3,4,5,6,9

1. School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
2. Research Institute of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710065, China;
3. Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education (MOE) for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Xi’an 710069, China;
4. Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Xi’an 710069, China;
5. Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi’an 710069, China;
6. International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Xi’an 710069, China;
7. Hydrocarbon High-efficiency Utilization Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710065, China;
8. Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China;
9. Longdong University, Xifeng District, Qingyang 745000, China

Received:2020-12-17 Revised:2021-03-17 Online:2021-12-02 Published:2021-10-28
Contact: Xiaoxun Ma
Supported by:
This work was supported by Hydrocarbon High-efficiency Utilization Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd., China (Contract No. HCRC-C13-010), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21536009). The authors also would like to acknowledge Northwest University and Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd. for affording the opportunity to participate in relevant research projects, and appreciate Jialiang Gao and Gen Zhang for their help in SEM analysis of catalysts, Baoqiang Wu for his help in TGA of catalysts.

Study on attrition of spherical-shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst for methane dehydro-aromatization in a gas-solid fluidized bed

Xinzhuang Zhang^1,2,3,4,5,6, Yunda Han^1,3,4,5,6, Dapeng Li⁷, Zhanguo Zhang⁸, Xiaoxun Ma^1,3,4,5,6,9

1. School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
2. Research Institute of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710065, China;
3. Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education (MOE) for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Xi’an 710069, China;
4. Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Xi’an 710069, China;
5. Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi’an 710069, China;
6. International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Xi’an 710069, China;
7. Hydrocarbon High-efficiency Utilization Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710065, China;
8. Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China;
9. Longdong University, Xifeng District, Qingyang 745000, China

通讯作者: Xiaoxun Ma
基金资助:
This work was supported by Hydrocarbon High-efficiency Utilization Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd., China (Contract No. HCRC-C13-010), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21536009). The authors also would like to acknowledge Northwest University and Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd. for affording the opportunity to participate in relevant research projects, and appreciate Jialiang Gao and Gen Zhang for their help in SEM analysis of catalysts, Baoqiang Wu for his help in TGA of catalysts.

Abstract

Abstract: As a potential methane efficient conversion process, non-oxidative aromatization of methane in fluidized bed requires a catalyst with good attrition resistance, especially in the states of high temperature, long-time rapid movement and chemical reaction. Existing evaluation methods for attrition resistance, such as ASTM D5757 and Jet Cup test, are targeted for fresh catalysts at ambient temperature, which cannot well reflect the real process. In this study, spherical-shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst prepared by dipping and spray drying was placed in a self-made apparatus for attrition testing, in which the catalyst attrition under different system temperatures, running time and process factors was investigated with percent mass loss (PML), particle size-mass distribution (PSMD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Carbon deposition on the catalyst before and after activation, aromatization and regeneration was analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG), and the attrited catalysts were evaluated for methane dehydro-aromatization (MDA). The results show that the surface abrasion and body breakage of catalyst particles occur continuously, with the increase of system temperature and running time, and make the PML rise gradually. The process factors of activation, aromatization and regeneration can cause the catalyst attrition and carbon deposits, which broaden the PSMD in varying degrees, and the carbon-substances on catalysts greatly improve their attrition resistance at high temperature. Catalyst attrition has a certain influence on its catalytic performance, and the main reasons point to particle breakage and fine powder escape.

Key words: Attrition, Mo/HZSM-5, Fluidized-bed, Catalyst activation, Methane dehydro-aromatization

摘要： As a potential methane efficient conversion process, non-oxidative aromatization of methane in fluidized bed requires a catalyst with good attrition resistance, especially in the states of high temperature, long-time rapid movement and chemical reaction. Existing evaluation methods for attrition resistance, such as ASTM D5757 and Jet Cup test, are targeted for fresh catalysts at ambient temperature, which cannot well reflect the real process. In this study, spherical-shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst prepared by dipping and spray drying was placed in a self-made apparatus for attrition testing, in which the catalyst attrition under different system temperatures, running time and process factors was investigated with percent mass loss (PML), particle size-mass distribution (PSMD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Carbon deposition on the catalyst before and after activation, aromatization and regeneration was analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG), and the attrited catalysts were evaluated for methane dehydro-aromatization (MDA). The results show that the surface abrasion and body breakage of catalyst particles occur continuously, with the increase of system temperature and running time, and make the PML rise gradually. The process factors of activation, aromatization and regeneration can cause the catalyst attrition and carbon deposits, which broaden the PSMD in varying degrees, and the carbon-substances on catalysts greatly improve their attrition resistance at high temperature. Catalyst attrition has a certain influence on its catalytic performance, and the main reasons point to particle breakage and fine powder escape.

关键词: Attrition, Mo/HZSM-5, Fluidized-bed, Catalyst activation, Methane dehydro-aromatization

Xinzhuang Zhang, Yunda Han, Dapeng Li, Zhanguo Zhang, Xiaoxun Ma. Study on attrition of spherical-shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst for methane dehydro-aromatization in a gas-solid fluidized bed[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 38(10): 172-183.

References

[1] L.S. Wang, L.X. Tao, M.S. Xie, G.F. Xu, J.S. Huang, Y.D. Xu, Dehydrogenation and aromatization of methane under non-oxidizing conditions, Catal. Lett. 21 (1-2) (1993) 35-41
[2] J.H. Lunsford, Catalytic conversion of methane to more useful chemicals and fuels: A challenge for the 21st century, Catal. Today 63 (2-4) (2000) 165-174
[3] S.T. Liu, L.S. Wang, R. Ohnishi, M. Ichikawa, Bifunctional catalysis of Mo/HZSM-5 in the dehydroaromatization of methane to benzene and naphthalene XAFS/TG/DTA/MASS/FTIR characterization and supporting effects, J. Catal. 181 (2) (1999) 175-188
[4] V.T.T. Ha, L.V. Tiep, P. Meriaudeau, C. Naccache, Aromatization of methane over zeolite supported molybdenum: Active sites and reaction mechanism, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 181 (1-2) (2002) 283-290
[5] K.S. Wong, J.W. Thybaut, E. Tangstad, M.W. Stöcker, G.B. Marin, Methane aromatisation based upon elementary steps: Kinetic and catalyst descriptors, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 164 (2012) 302-312
[6] S.T. Liu, Q. Dong, R. Ohnishi, M. Ichikawa, Remarkable non-oxidative conversion of methane to naphthalene and benzene on Co and Fe modified Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts, Chem. Commun. 15 (1997) 1455-1456
[7] C.L. Zhang, S. Li, Y. Yuan, W.X. Zhang, T.H. Wu, L.W. Lin, Aromatization of methane in the absence of oxygen over Mo-based catalysts supported on different types of zeolites, Catal. Lett. 56 (4) (1998) 207-213
[8] S.T. Qi, B.L. Yang, Methane aromatization using Mo-based catalysts prepared by microwave heating, Catal. Today 98 (4) (2004) 639-645
[9] A. Malinowski, R. Ohnishi, M. Ichikawa, CVD synthesis in static mode of Mo/H-ZSM5 catalyst for the methane dehydroaromatization reaction to benzene, Catal. Lett. 96 (3-4) (2004) 141-146
[10] K. Honda, X. Chen, Z.G. Zhang, Preparation of highly active binder-added MoO₃/HZSM-5 catalyst for the non-oxidative dehydroaromatization of methane, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 351 (1) (2008) 122-130
[11] J.H. Lunsford, E.M. Cordi, P. Qiu, M.P. Rosynek, in: Steady-State production of olefins and aromatics in high yields from methane using an integrated recycle reaction system. Natural Gas Conversion V, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1998, pp. 227–234.
[12] K. Honda, T. Yoshida, Z.G. Zhang, Methane dehydroaromatization over Mo/HZSM-5 in periodic CH₄-H₂ switching operation mode, Catal. Commun. 4 (1) (2003) 21-26
[13] B. Cook, D. Mousko, W. Hoelderich, R. Zennaro, Conversion of methane to aromatics over Mo₂C/ZSM-5 catalyst in different reactor types, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 365 (1) (2009) 34-41
[14] Z.G. Zhang, Y.B. Xu, Y. Song, H.T. Ma, Y. Yamamoto, NGU: Development of a two-bed circulating fluidized bed reactor system for nonoxidative aromatization of methane over Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst, Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy 35 (2) (2016) 325-333
[15] O. Rival, B.P.A. Grandjean, C. Guy, A. Sayari, F. Larachi, Oxygen-free methane aromatization in a catalytic membrane reactor, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40 (10) (2001) 2212-2219
[16] M.C. Iliuta, B.P.A. Grandjean, F. Larachi, Methane nonoxidative aromatization over Ru-Mo/HZSM-5 at temperatures up to 973 K in a palladium-silver/stainless steel membrane reactor, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 42 (2) (2003) 323-330
[17] M.P. Gimeno, J. Soler, J. Herguido, M. Menéndez, Counteracting catalyst deactivation in methane aromatization with a two zone fluidized bed reactor, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49 (3) (2010) 996-1000
[18] Z.G. Zhang, Process, reactor and catalyst design: Towards application of direct conversion of methane to aromatics under nonoxidative conditions, Carbon Resour. Convers. 2 (3) (2019) 157-174
[19] R. Boerefijn, N.J. Gudde, M. Ghadiri, A review of attrition of fluid cracking catalyst particles, Adv. Powder Technol. 11 (2) (2000) 145-174
[20] J. Reppenhagen, J. Werther, Catalyst attrition in cyclones, Powder Technol. 113 (1-2) (2000) 55-69
[21] F.H. Wu, W. Dongfang, Attrition resistances and mechanisms of three types of FCC catalysts, Powder Technol. 305 (2017) 289-296
[22] J.M. Whitcombe, I.E. Agranovski, R.D. Braddock, Attrition due to mixing of hot and cold FCC catalyst particles, Powder Technol. 137 (3) (2003) 120-130
[23] J.G. Hao, Y.F. Zhao, M. Ye, Z.M. Liu, Attrition of methanol to olefins catalyst with high-velocity air jets at elevated temperature, Adv. Powder Technol. 26 (3) (2015) 734-741
[24] F. Solymosi, A. Szöke, J. Cserényi, Conversion of methane to benzene over Mo₂C and Mo₂C/ZSM-5 catalysts, Catal. Lett. 39 (3-4) (1996) 157-161
[25] D.J. Wang, J.H. Lunsford, M.P. Rosynek, Characterization of a Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst for the conversion of methane to benzene, J. Catal. 169 (1) (1997) 347-358
[26] I. Vollmer, B. van der Linden, S. Ould-Chikh, A. Aguilar-Tapia, I. Yarulina, E. Abou-Hamad, Y.G. Sneider, A.I. Olivos Suarez, J.L. Hazemann, F. Kapteijn, J. Gascon, On the dynamic nature of Mo sites for methane dehydroaromatization, Chem. Sci. 9 (21) (2018) 4801-4807
[27] H. Jiang, L.S. Wang, W. Cui, Y.D. Xu, Study on the induction period of methane aromatization over Mo/HZSM-5: Partial reduction of Mo species and formation of carbonaceous deposit, Catal. Lett. 57 (3) (1999) 95-102
[28] D. Ma, Y.Y. Shu, M.J. Cheng, Y. de Xu, X.H. Bao, On the induction period of methane aromatization over Mo-based catalysts, J. Catal. 194 (1) (2000) 105-114
[29] L. Men, L. Zhang, Y. Xie, Z. Liu, J. Bai, G. Sha, J. Xie, A new phenomenon in the induction period of the methane dehydroaromatization reaction, Chem. Commun. (Camb) 18 (2001) 1750-1751
[30] H.M. Liu, T. Li, B.L. Tian, Y. de Xu, Study of the carbonaceous deposits formed on a Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst in methane dehydro-aromatization by using TG and temperature-programmed techniques, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 213 (1) (2001) 103-112
[31] D. Ma, D.Z. Wang, L.L. Su, Y.Y. Shu, Y. de Xu, X.H. Bao, Carbonaceous deposition on Mo/HMCM-22 catalysts for methane aromatization: A TP technique investigation, J. Catal. 208 (2) (2002) 260-269
[32] Y.Y. Shu, H.T. Ma, R. Ohnishi, M. Ichikawa, Highly stable performance of catalytic methane dehydrocondensation towards benzene on Mo/HZSM-5 by a periodic switching treatment with H₂ and CO₂, Chem. Commun. 1 (2003) 86-87
[33] A.C.C. Rodrigues, J.L.F. Monteiro, The use of CH₄/H₂ cycles on dehydroaromatization of methane over MoMCM-22, Catal. Commun. 9 (6) (2008) 1060-1065
[34] H.M. Liu, L.L. Su, H.X. Wang, W.J. Shen, X.H. Bao, Y. de Xu, The chemical nature of carbonaceous deposits and their role in methane dehydro-aromatization on Mo/MCM-22 catalysts, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 236 (1-2) (2002) 263-280
[35] J.H. Choi, Y.S. Moon, C.K. Yi, S.D. Kim, Attrition of zinc-titanate sorbent in a bubbling fluidized bed, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 41 (6) (2010) 656-660
[36] G. Xiao, J.R. Grace, C.J. Lim, Attrition characteristics and mechanisms for limestone particles in an air-jet apparatus, Powder Technol. 207 (1-3) (2011) 183-191
[37] W. Dongfang, Z.D. Gu, Y.D. Li, Attrition of catalyst particles in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor, Chem. Eng. Sci. 135 (2015) 431-440
[38] W. Dongfang, F.H. Wu, Z.D. Gu, Catalyst attrition in an ASTM fluidized bed, Catal. Today 264 (2016) 70-74
[39] S. Kukade, P. Kumar, P.V.C. Rao, N.V. Choudary, Comparative study of attrition measurements of commercial FCC catalysts by ASTM fluidized bed and jet cup test methods, Powder Technol. 301 (2016) 472-477
[40] T.J. Jones, J.K. Russell, C.J. Lim, N. Ellis, J.R. Grace, Pumice attrition in an air-jet, Powder Technol. 308 (2017) 298-305
[41] R. Cocco, Y. Arrington, R. Hays, J. Findlay, S.B.R. Karri, T.M. Knowlton, Jet cup attrition testing, Powder Technol. 200 (3) (2010) 224-233
[42] M. Rydén, P. Moldenhauer, S. Lindqvist, T. Mattisson, A. Lyngfelt, Measuring attrition resistance of oxygen carrier particles for chemical looping combustion with a customized jet cup, Powder Technol. 256 (2014) 75-86
[43] W. Xu, D.S. DeCroix, X. Sun, Mechanistic based DEM simulation of particle attrition in a jet cup, Powder Technol. 253 (2014) 385-392
[44] B. Amblard, S. Bertholin, C. Bobin, T. Gauthier, Development of an attrition evaluation method using a Jet Cup rig, Powder Technol. 274 (2015) 455-465
[45] S.M. Tasirin, D. Geldart, Experimental investigation on fluidized bed jet grinding, Powder Technol. 105 (1-3) (1999) 337-341
[46] A. Thon, J. Werther, Attrition resistance of a VPO catalyst, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 376 (1-2) (2010) 56-65
[47] C. Debras, Y.J. Liu, N. van Garderen, B. Minisini, T. Graule, F.J. Clemens, Development of granular materials for fluidized bed process: Measuring attrition resistance with a horizontal ball milling device and its mathematical description, Powder Technol. 288 (2016) 157-163
[48] A. Afshar Ebrahimi, S. Foroutan Ghazvini, Experimental attrition study of FCC catalysts through 2D/3D contour plots and response surface models, Powder Technol. 336 (2018) 80-84
[49] S. Tamjid, S.H. Hashemabadi, M. Shirvani, Prediction of catalyst attrition in a regeneration cyclone, Filtr. Sep. 47 (5) (2010) 29-33
[50] J.G. Hao, Y.F. Zhao, M. Ye, Z.M. Liu, Attrition of methanol to olefins catalyst in jet cup, Powder Technol. 316 (2017) 79-86
[51] F. Li, C. Briens, F. Berruti, J. McMillan, Particle attrition with supersonic nozzles in a fluidized bed at high temperature, Powder Technol. 228 (2012) 385-394
[52] H.L. Zhang, J. Degrève, J. Baeyens, S.Y. Wu, Powder attrition in gas fluidized beds, Powder Technol. 287 (2016) 1-11
[53] A. Cabello, P. Gayán, F. García-Labiano, L.F. de Diego, A. Abad, J. Adánez, On the attrition evaluation of oxygen carriers in Chemical Looping Combustion, Fuel Process. Technol. 148 (2016) 188-197
[54] S. Vasireddy, A. Campos, E. Miamee, A. Adeyiga, R. Armstrong, J.D. Allison, J.J. Spivey, Study of attrition of Fe-based catalyst supported over spent FCC catalysts and their Fischer-Tropsch activity in a fixed bed reactor, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 372 (2) (2010) 184-190
[55] P. Yan, Z.G. Zhang, D.P. Li, X. Cheng, X.Z. Zhang, F. Yang, C.F. Huang, X.X. Ma, Development of a CH₄ dehydroaromatization-catalyst regeneration fluidized bed system, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 26 (9) (2018) 1928-1936
[56] Y.B. Xu, J. de Wang, Y. Suzuki, Z.G. Zhang, Effect of transition metal additives on the catalytic stability of Mo/HZSM-5 in the methane dehydroaromatization under periodic CH₄-H₂ switch operation at 1073 K, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 409-410 (2011) 181-193

Study on attrition of spherical-shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst for methane dehydro-aromatization in a gas-solid fluidized bed

Study on attrition of spherical-shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst for methane dehydro-aromatization in a gas-solid fluidized bed

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 10

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Zhong Ma, Guofu Liu, Hui Zhang, Yonggang Lu. Investigation of the redox performance of pyrite cinder calcined at different temperature in chemical looping combustion [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 48(8): 98-105.
[2]	Ning Liu, Xingping Liu, Fumin Wang, Feng Xin, Mingshuai Sun, Yi Zhai, Xubin Zhang. CFD simulation study of the effect of baffles on the fluidized bed for hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 45(5): 219-228.
[3]	Wang Du, Liping Ma, Jing Yang, Wei Zhang, Ran Ao. Experimental and numerical simulation of lignite chemical looping gasification with phosphogypsum as oxygen carrier in a fluidized bed [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 37(9): 197-207.
[4]	Lei Liu, Zhenshan Li, Ye Li, Ningsheng Cai. Evaluation of oxygen uncoupling characteristics of oxygen carrier using micro-fluidized bed thermogravimetric analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 32(4): 408-415.
[5]	Feng Pan, Zhan Du, Shaofu Li, Jun Li, Meiju Zhang, Maoqiao Xiang, Qingshan Zhu. Preparation of nano-sized tungsten carbide via fluidized bed [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020, 28(3): 923-932.
[6]	Cheng Zuo, Man Wu, Qingjie Guo. The effect of the Ce content on the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over CrO_y-CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020, 28(12): 3035-3043.
[7]	Yong Tian, Mengya Li, Dengguo Lai, Zhaohui Chen, Shiqiu Gao, Guangwen Xu. Characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a two-stage fluidized bed [J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2018, 26(2): 407-414.
[8]	Yunhuan Kong, Xiaomeng Cheng, Hualiang An, Xinqiang Zhao, Yanji Wang. Preparation and characterization of H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀@MIL-100(Fe) and its catalytic performance for synthesis of 4,4'-MDA [J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2018, 26(2): 330-336.
[9]	Xiuying Guo, Yijun Lu, PengWu, Kui Zhang, Qinghua Liu, Mingsheng Luo. The effect of SiO₂ particle size on iron based F-T synthesis catalysts [J]. , 2016, 24(7): 937-943.
[10]	Ahmmed S. Ibrehem, Mohamed Azlan Hussain, Nayef M. Ghasem. Mathematical Model and Advanced Control for Gas-phase Olefin Polymerization in Fluidized-bed Catalytic Reactors [J]. , 2008, 16(1): 84-89.