Modified g-C3N4 derived from ionic liquid and urea for promoting visible-light photodegradation of organic pollutants

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2021.06.021

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 293-303.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.06.021

Modified g-C₃N₄ derived from ionic liquid and urea for promoting visible-light photodegradation of organic pollutants

Hongbing Song¹, Lei Liu¹, Bingxiao Feng¹, Haozhong Wang¹, Meng Xiao¹, Hengjun Gai¹, Yubao Tang², Xiaofei Qu³, Tingting Huang¹

1. State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;
2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;
3. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China

Received:2021-03-16 Revised:2021-06-08 Online:2022-01-14 Published:2021-12-28
Contact: Tingting Huang,E-mail:huangtingting@qust.edu.cn
Supported by:
We thank the support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21878164, 21978143), Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2019GGX102029), “QingChuang Science and Technology Plan” Project of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province (2020KJC005), and State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering-Open Fund (KL19-08).

Modified g-C₃N₄ derived from ionic liquid and urea for promoting visible-light photodegradation of organic pollutants

Hongbing Song¹, Lei Liu¹, Bingxiao Feng¹, Haozhong Wang¹, Meng Xiao¹, Hengjun Gai¹, Yubao Tang², Xiaofei Qu³, Tingting Huang¹

1. State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;
2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;
3. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China

通讯作者: Tingting Huang,E-mail:huangtingting@qust.edu.cn
基金资助:
We thank the support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21878164, 21978143), Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2019GGX102029), “QingChuang Science and Technology Plan” Project of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province (2020KJC005), and State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering-Open Fund (KL19-08).

Abstract

Abstract: In this work, modified g-C₃N₄ was fabricated successfully by calcination of ionic liquid (IL) and urea. The addition of IL changed the polymerization mode of urea, induced the self-assembly of urea molecules, modified the morphological structure of the tightly packed g-C₃N₄, and extended the electron conjugation system. When using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) as a modifier, the heteroatom Cl could be inserted into the g-C₃N₄ to optimize the electronic structure. The results of characterizations indicate that the unique structure of modified g-C₃N₄ has an expanded electron delocalization range, introduces an interlayer charge transmission channel, promotes the charge transmission, reduces the band gap, enhances the absorption of visible light, and inhibits electron-hole recombination. Modified g-C₃N₄ showed excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of rhodamine B and tetracycline. Furthermore, the effect of different anions in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium salts ([Bmim]Cl, [Bmim]Br, [Bmim][BF₄], and [Bmim][PF₆]) on the structure and function of g-C₃N₄ are discussed.

Key words: Graphite carbon nitride, Ionic liquid, Photocatalysts, Element doping, Organic pollutants

摘要： In this work, modified g-C₃N₄ was fabricated successfully by calcination of ionic liquid (IL) and urea. The addition of IL changed the polymerization mode of urea, induced the self-assembly of urea molecules, modified the morphological structure of the tightly packed g-C₃N₄, and extended the electron conjugation system. When using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) as a modifier, the heteroatom Cl could be inserted into the g-C₃N₄ to optimize the electronic structure. The results of characterizations indicate that the unique structure of modified g-C₃N₄ has an expanded electron delocalization range, introduces an interlayer charge transmission channel, promotes the charge transmission, reduces the band gap, enhances the absorption of visible light, and inhibits electron-hole recombination. Modified g-C₃N₄ showed excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of rhodamine B and tetracycline. Furthermore, the effect of different anions in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium salts ([Bmim]Cl, [Bmim]Br, [Bmim][BF₄], and [Bmim][PF₆]) on the structure and function of g-C₃N₄ are discussed.

关键词: Graphite carbon nitride, Ionic liquid, Photocatalysts, Element doping, Organic pollutants

Hongbing Song, Lei Liu, Bingxiao Feng, Haozhong Wang, Meng Xiao, Hengjun Gai, Yubao Tang, Xiaofei Qu, Tingting Huang. Modified g-C₃N₄ derived from ionic liquid and urea for promoting visible-light photodegradation of organic pollutants[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 40(12): 293-303.

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Modified g-C₃N₄ derived from ionic liquid and urea for promoting visible-light photodegradation of organic pollutants

Modified g-C₃N₄ derived from ionic liquid and urea for promoting visible-light photodegradation of organic pollutants

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