Prediction of atomization characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle with different structures

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2023.05.002

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2023, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (11): 171-184.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.05.002

Previous Articles Next Articles

Prediction of atomization characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle with different structures

Jinfan Liu¹, Xin Feng^2,3, Hu Liang⁴, Weipeng Zhang², Yuanyuan Hui^2,3, Haohan Xu^2,3, Chao Yang^2,3

1. School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
2. CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
3. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4. College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China

Received:2023-02-05 Revised:2023-05-11 Online:2024-01-08 Published:2023-11-28
Contact: Xin Feng,E-mail:xfeng@ipe.ac.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YFB3504000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22122815, 21978296), the NSFC-EU project (31961133018), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS is gratefully acknowledged.

Prediction of atomization characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle with different structures

Jinfan Liu¹, Xin Feng^2,3, Hu Liang⁴, Weipeng Zhang², Yuanyuan Hui^2,3, Haohan Xu^2,3, Chao Yang^2,3

1. School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
2. CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
3. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4. College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China

通讯作者: Xin Feng,E-mail:xfeng@ipe.ac.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YFB3504000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22122815, 21978296), the NSFC-EU project (31961133018), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS is gratefully acknowledged.

Abstract

Abstract: The structure of the pressure swirl nozzle is an important factor affecting its spray performance. This work aims to study pressure swirl nozzles with different structures by experiment and simulation. In the experiment, 10 nozzles with different structures are designed to comprehensively cover various geometric factors. In terms of simulation, steady-state simulation with less computational complexity is used to study the flow inside the nozzle. The results show that the diameter of the inlet and outlet, the direction of the inlet, the diameter of the swirl chamber, and the height of the swirl chamber all affect the atomization performance, and the diameter of the inlet and outlet has a greater impact. It is found that under the same flow rate and pressure, the geometric differences do have a significant impact on the atomization characteristics, such as spray angle and SMD (Sauter mean diameter). Specific nozzle structures can be customized according to the actual needs. Data analysis shows that the spray angle is related to the swirl number, and the SMD is related to turbulent kinetic energy. Through data fitting, the equations for predicting the spray angle and the SMD are obtained. The error range of the fitting equation for the prediction of spray angle and SMD is within 15% and 10% respectively. The prediction is expected to be used in engineering to estimate the spray performance at the beginning of a real project.

Key words: Pressure swirl nozzle, Nozzle structure, Numerical simulation, Spray angle, Prediction

摘要： The structure of the pressure swirl nozzle is an important factor affecting its spray performance. This work aims to study pressure swirl nozzles with different structures by experiment and simulation. In the experiment, 10 nozzles with different structures are designed to comprehensively cover various geometric factors. In terms of simulation, steady-state simulation with less computational complexity is used to study the flow inside the nozzle. The results show that the diameter of the inlet and outlet, the direction of the inlet, the diameter of the swirl chamber, and the height of the swirl chamber all affect the atomization performance, and the diameter of the inlet and outlet has a greater impact. It is found that under the same flow rate and pressure, the geometric differences do have a significant impact on the atomization characteristics, such as spray angle and SMD (Sauter mean diameter). Specific nozzle structures can be customized according to the actual needs. Data analysis shows that the spray angle is related to the swirl number, and the SMD is related to turbulent kinetic energy. Through data fitting, the equations for predicting the spray angle and the SMD are obtained. The error range of the fitting equation for the prediction of spray angle and SMD is within 15% and 10% respectively. The prediction is expected to be used in engineering to estimate the spray performance at the beginning of a real project.

关键词: Pressure swirl nozzle, Nozzle structure, Numerical simulation, Spray angle, Prediction

Jinfan Liu, Xin Feng, Hu Liang, Weipeng Zhang, Yuanyuan Hui, Haohan Xu, Chao Yang. Prediction of atomization characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle with different structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 63(11): 171-184.

References

[1] J. Ortman, A.H. Lefebvre, Fuel distributions from pressure-swirl atomizers, J. Propuls. Power 1 (1) (1985) 11–15.
[2] N. Kraus-Namroży, D. Brzezińska, Effectiveness of swirl water mist nozzles for fire suppression, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19 (23) (2022) 16328.
[3] S. Wang, G. Dorr, M. Khashehchi, X. He, Performance of selected agricultural spray nozzles using particle image velocimetry, J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 17 (2015) 601–613.
[4] H. Shrigondekar, A. Chowdhury, S.V. Prabhu, Performance of water mist system with base injection in extinguishing small container fires, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 71 (2021) 104448.
[5] Z. Jin, S. Hu, X. Zhu, G. Feng, J. Sun, Research on wet-type swirl dust collection technology and its application in underground excavation tunnels, Adv. Powder Technol. 33 (12) (2022) 103851.
[6] M.R. Halder, S.K. Dash, S.K. Som, Initiation of air core in a simplex nozzle and the effects of operating and geometrical parameters on its shape and size, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 26 (8) (2002) 871–878.
[7] S.M. Jeng, M.A. Jog, M.A. Benjamin, Computational and experimental study of liquid sheet emanating from simplex fuel nozzle, AIAA J. 36 (1998) 201–207.
[8] G. Amini, Liquid flow in a simplex swirl nozzle, Int. J. Multiph. Flow 79 (2016) 225–235.
[9] S.K. Som, S.G. Mukherjee, Theoretical and experimental investigations on the formation of air core in a swirl spray atomizing nozzle, Appl. Sci. Res. 36 (3) (1980) 173–196.
[10] S.K. Som, G. Biswas, Initiation of air core in a swirl nozzle using time-independent power-law fluids, Acta Mech. 51 (3) (1984) 179–197.
[11] J. Jedelsky, M. Maly, N. Pinto del Corral, G. Wigley, L. Janackova, M. Jicha, Air–liquid interactions in a pressure-swirl spray, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 121 (2018) 788–804.
[12] J.L. Santolaya, L.A. Aísa, E. Calvo, I. García, J.A. García, Analysis by droplet size classes of the liquid flow structure in a pressure swirl hollow cone spray, Chem. Eng. Process: Process. Intensif. 49 (1) (2010) 125–131.
[13] H. Li, S. Cryer, L. Acharya, J. Raymond, Video and image classification using atomisation spray image patterns and deep learning, Biosyst. Eng. 200 (2020) 13–22.
[14] X.N. Mao, Q.L. Xie, Y. Duan, S.Z. Yu, X.J. Liang, Z.Y. Wu, M.Z. Lu, Y. Nie, Predictive models for characterizing the atomization process in pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 28 (4) (2020) 1023–1028.
[15] C. Yao, P. Geng, Z. Yin, J. Hu, D. Chen, Y. Ju, Impacts of nozzle geometry on spray combustion of high pressure common rail injectors in a constant volume combustion chamber, Fuel 179 (2016) 235–245.
[16] J.P. Wang, C.C. Xu, G. Zhou, Y.S. Zhang, Spray structure and characteristics of a pressure-swirl dust suppression nozzle using a phase Doppler particle analyze, Processes 8 (9) (2020) 1127.
[17] S.Z. Yu, Q.L. Xie, X.N. Mao, Y. Duan, Y. Nie, Heat transfer in a novel microwave heating device coupled with atomization feeding, Therm. Sci. 26 (2 Part A) (2022) 1185–1195.
[18] Y.C. Sun, Y.F. Fu, B.H. Chen, J.X. Lu, W.Q. Deng, Numerical simulation and experimental study on flow field in a swirl nozzle, Shock. Vib. 2021 (2021) 1–9.
[19] J. Wang, C. Xu, Y. Zhang, G. Zhou, Numerical study of the effect of geometric parameters on the internal flow of a pressure nozzle for dustfall, Adv. Powder Technol. 32 (5) (2021) 1561–1572.
[20] L. Wang, L.F. Chen, B. Fang, Numerical simulation of internal flow and external atomization in pressure swirl nozzle, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1300 (1) (2019) 012082.
[21] A. Belhadef, A. Vallet, M. Amielh, F. Anselmet, Pressure-swirl atomization: Modeling and experimental approaches, Int. J. Multiph. Flow 39 (2012) 13–20.
[22] Y.X. Chen, J.W. Luo, F. Wu, Z.W. Zhang, Z.H. Zhao, L.Q. Zhang, C. Luo, X.S. Li, Multi-objective optimization on flow characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle: A LES–VOF simulation, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 133 (2022) 105926.
[23] L.Y.M. Gicquel, G. Staffelbach, T. Poinsot, Large Eddy Simulations of gaseous flames in gas turbine combustion chambers, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 38 (6) (2012) 782–817.
[24] J. Jedelský, M. Jícha, Spray characteristics and liquid distribution of multi-hole effervescent atomisers for industrial burners, Appl. Therm. Eng. 96 (2016) 286–296.
[25] P. Wang, Y. Shi, L. Zhang, Y. Li, Effect of structural parameters on atomization characteristics and dust reduction performance of internal-mixing air-assisted atomizer nozzle, Process. Saf. Environ. Prot. 128 (2019) 316–328.
[26] B.H. Bang, Y.I. Kim, C.S. Ahn, S. Jeong, Y. Yoon, S. An, S.S. Yoon, A.L. Yarin, Theoretical model of swirling thick film flow inside converging nozzles of various geometries, Fuel 280 (2020) 118215.
[27] J. Xue, M.A. Jog, S.M. Jeng, E. Steinthorsson, M.A. Benjamin, Effect of geometric parameters on simplex atomizer performance, AIAA J. 42 (12) (2004) 2408–2415.
[28] G.A. Vijay, N.S.V. Moorthi, A. Manivannan, Internal and external flow characteristics of swirl atomizers: A review, At. Sprays 25 (2) (2015) 153–188.
[29] S.L. Li, G.G. Wu, P.F. Wang, Y. Cui, C. Tian, H. Han, A mathematical model for predicting the sauter mean diameter of liquid-medium ultrasonic atomizing nozzle based on orthogonal design, Appl. Sci. 11 (24) (2021) 11628.
[30] D.L. Yu, Z.X. Zhu, J.G. Zhou, D.H. Liao, N.X. Wu, Influence of nozzle outlet diameter on the atomization process of zirconia dry granulation, Adv. Mech. Eng. 13 (6) (2021) 168781402110248.
[31] A.A. Ibrahim, M.A. Jog, Nonlinear breakup model for a liquid sheet emanating from a pressure-swirl atomizer, J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 129 (4) (2007) 945–953.
[32] N.K. Rizk, A.H. Lefebvre, Internal flow characteristics of simplex swirl atomizers, J. Propuls. Power 1 (3) (1985) 193–199.
[33] J. Cui, H. Lai, J. Li, Y. Ma, Visualization of internal flow and the effect of orifice geometry on the characteristics of spray and flow field in pressure-swirl atomizers, Appl. Therm. Eng. 127 (2017) 812–822.
[34] E.J. Lee, S.Y. Oh, H.Y. Kim, S.C. James, S.S. Yoon, Measuring air core characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer via a transparent acrylic nozzle at various Reynolds numbers, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 34 (8) (2010) 1475–1483.
[35] Y. Moon, D. Kim, Y. Yoon, Improved spray model for viscous annular sheets in a swirl injector, J. Propuls. Power 26 (2) (2010) 267–279.
[36] Q.F. Fu, L.J. Yang, Y.Y. Qu, B. Gu, Linear stability analysis of a conical liquid sheet, J. Propuls. Power 26 (5) (2010) 955–968.
[37] P. Wang, C. Tian, R. Liu, and J. Wang, Mathematical model for multivariate nonlinear prediction of SMD of X-type swirl pressure nozzles, Process. Saf. Environ. Prot. 125 (2019) 228–237.
[38] J.L. Santolaya, L.A. Aísa, E. Calvo, I. García, L.M. Cerecedo, Experimental study of near-field flow structure in hollow cone pressure swirl sprays, J. Propuls. Power 23 (2) (2007) 382–389.
[39] P. Stähle, H.P. Schuchmann, V. Gaukel, Performance and efficiency of pressure-swirl and twin-fluid nozzles spraying food liquids with varying viscosity, J. Food Process. Eng. 40 (1) (2017) e12317.

Prediction of atomization characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle with different structures

Prediction of atomization characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle with different structures

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Hongbo Tan, Boshi Shao, Na Wen. Numerical study of the deep removal of R134a from non-condensable gas mixture by cryogenic condensation and de-sublimation [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 61(9): 180-191.
[2]	Jiahao Xing, Huaizhi Han, Ruitian Yu, Wen Luo. Numerical simulation of flow and heat transfer of n-decane in sub-millimeter spiral tube at supercritical pressure [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 60(8): 173-185.
[3]	Jian Han, Xinhua Liu, Shanwei Hu, Nan Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Bin Liang. Optimization of decoupling combustion characteristics of coal briquettes and biomass pellets in household stoves [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 59(7): 182-192.
[4]	Li Xia, Yule Pan, Tingting Zhao, Xiaoyan Sun, Shaohui Tao, Yushi Chen, Shuguang Xiang. Estimating heat capacities of liquid organic compounds based on elements and chemical bonds contribution [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 57(5): 30-38.
[5]	Shengfeng Luo, Song Zhang, Yiping Zeng, Hui Zhang, Lili Zheng, Zhaopeng Xu. Study on oxygen transport and titanium oxidation in coating cracks under parallel gas flow based on LBM modelling [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 56(4): 15-24.
[6]	Haoshan Duan, Xi Meng, Jian Tang, Junfei Qiao. Prediction of NO_x concentration using modular long short-term memory neural network for municipal solid waste incineration [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 56(4): 46-57.
[7]	Jikai Dong, Bing Wang, Xinjie Wang, Chenxi Cao, Shikuan Chen, Wenli Du. Optimization of sensor deployment sequences for hazardous gas leakage monitoring and source term estimation [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 56(4): 169-179.
[8]	Shuangfei Zhao, Yingying Nie, Wenyan Zhang, Runze Hu, Lianzhu Sheng, Wei He, Ning Zhu, Yuguang Li, Dong Ji, Kai Guo. Microfluidic field strategy for enhancement and scale up of liquid–liquid homogeneous chemical processes by optimization of 3D spiral baffle structure [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 56(4): 255-265.
[9]	Yiming Bai, Shuaiyu Xiang, Feifan Cheng, Jinsong Zhao. A dynamic-inner LSTM prediction method for key alarm variables forecasting in chemical process [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 55(3): 266-276.
[10]	Xupeng Chen, Jintao Wu, Jianfei Sun, Kunpeng Yu, Jianzhong Yin. Numerical investigation of film forming characteristics and mass transfer enhancement in horizontal polycondensation kettle [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 63(11): 31-42.
[11]	Zhihao Zhang, Danyang Song, Hengxing Bao, Xiang Ling, Xiaogang Jin. Experimental and numerical studies of Ca(OH)₂/CaO dehydration process in a fixed-bed reactor for thermochemical energy storage [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 62(10): 11-20.
[12]	Jie Wu, Yiqing Luo, Xigang Yuan. A pseudo transient nonequilibrium method for rigorous simulation of multicomponent separation columns [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 62(10): 57-64.
[13]	Kun Ren, Zheng Jiao, Xiaolong Wu, Honggui Han. Multivariable identification of membrane fouling based on compacted cascade neural network [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 53(1): 37-45.
[14]	Xibao Zhang, Zhenghong Luo. Bubble size modeling approach for the simulation of bubble columns [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 53(1): 194-200.
[15]	Jia Ren, Zengqiang Chen, Mingwei Sun, Qinglin Sun, Zenghui Wang. Proportion integral-type active disturbance rejection generalized predictive control for distillation process based on grey wolf optimization parameter tuning [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 49(9): 234-244.