A Modified Oxidation Ditch with Additional Internal Anoxic Zones for Enhanced Biological Nutrient Removal

doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60458-9

Abstract

Abstract: A novel modified pilot scale anaerobic oxidation ditch with additional internal anoxic zones was operated experimentally, aiming to study the improvement of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the effect of enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal in the process. Under all experimental conditions, the anaerobic-oxidation ditch with additional internal anoxic zones and an internal recycle ratio of 200% had the highest nutrient removal efficiency. The effluent NH₄⁺-N, total nitrogen (TN), PO₄^3--P and total phosphorus (TP) contents were 1.2 mg·^-1, 13 mg·^-1, 0.3 mg·^-1 and 0.4 mg·^-1, respectively, all met the discharge standards in China. The TN and TP removal efficiencies were remarkably improved from 37% and 50% to 65% and 88% with the presence of additional internal anoxic zones and internal recycle ratio of 200%. The results indicated that additional internal anoxic zones can optimize the utilization of available carbon source from the anaerobic outflow for denitrification. It was also found that phosphorus removal via the denitrification process was stimulated in the additional internal anoxic zones, which was beneficial for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal when treating wastewater with a limited carbon source. However, an excess internal recycle would cause nitrite to accumulate in the system. This seems to be harmful to biological phosphorus removal.

Key words: internal anoxic zones, internal recycle, carbon source, nitrate, phosphorus

摘要： A novel modified pilot scale anaerobic oxidation ditch with additional internal anoxic zones was operated experimentally, aiming to study the improvement of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the effect of enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal in the process. Under all experimental conditions, the anaerobic-oxidation ditch with additional internal anoxic zones and an internal recycle ratio of 200% had the highest nutrient removal efficiency. The effluent NH₄⁺-N, total nitrogen (TN), PO₄^3--P and total phosphorus (TP) contents were 1.2 mg·^-1, 13 mg·^-1, 0.3 mg·^-1 and 0.4 mg·^-1, respectively, all met the discharge standards in China. The TN and TP removal efficiencies were remarkably improved from 37% and 50% to 65% and 88% with the presence of additional internal anoxic zones and internal recycle ratio of 200%. The results indicated that additional internal anoxic zones can optimize the utilization of available carbon source from the anaerobic outflow for denitrification. It was also found that phosphorus removal via the denitrification process was stimulated in the additional internal anoxic zones, which was beneficial for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal when treating wastewater with a limited carbon source. However, an excess internal recycle would cause nitrite to accumulate in the system. This seems to be harmful to biological phosphorus removal.

关键词: internal anoxic zones, internal recycle, carbon source, nitrate, phosphorus

LIU Wei, YANG Dianhai, XU Li, SHEN Changming. A Modified Oxidation Ditch with Additional Internal Anoxic Zones for Enhanced Biological Nutrient Removal[J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2013, 21(2): 192-198.

刘巍, 杨殿海, 徐立, 沈昌明. A Modified Oxidation Ditch with Additional Internal Anoxic Zones for Enhanced Biological Nutrient Removal[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2013, 21(2): 192-198.

References

1 Fan, J., Tao, T., Zhang, J., You, G.L., “Performance evaluation of a modified A²/O process treating low strength wastewater”, Desalination, 249 (2), 822-827 (2009).

2 Mahendraker, V., Mavinic, D.S., Rabinowitz, B., Hall, K.J., “The impact of influent nutrient ratios and biochemical reactions on oxygen transfer in an EBPR process—A theoretical explanation”, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 91 (1), 22-42 (2005).

3 Peng, Z.X., Peng, Y.Z., Gui, L.J., Liu, X.L., “Competition for single carbon source between denitrification and phosphorus release in sludge under anoxic condition”, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 18 (3), 472-477 (2010).

4 Wang, W., Wang, S.Y., Peng, Y.Z., “Enhanced biological nutrients removal in modified step-feed anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process”, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 17 (5), 840-848 (2009).

5 Plósz, B.G., “Optimization of the activated sludge anoxic reactor configuration as a means to control nutrient removal kinetically”, Wat. Res., 41 (8), 1763-1773 (2007).

6 Brown, P., Kee, S., Lee, Y.W., “Influence of anoxic and anaerobic hydraulic retention time on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a membrane bioreactor”, Desalination, 270 (1-3), 227-232 (2011).

7 Guo, J.H., Yang, Q., Peng, Y.Z., Yang, A., Wang, S., “Biological nitrogen removal with real-time control using step-feed SBR technology”, Enzyme. Microbial. Technol., 40 (6), 1564-1569 (2007).

8 Ma, J., Peng, Y.Z., Wang, S.Y., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Ma, N.P., “Denitrifying phosphorus removal in a step-feed CAST with alternating anoxic-oxic operational strategy”, J. Environ. Sci. China, 21 (9), 1169-1174 (2009).

9 Ma, Y., Peng, Y.Z., Wang, X.L., “Improving nutrient removal of the AAO process by an influent bypass flow by denitrifying phosphorus removal”, Desalination, 246 (1-3), 534-544 (2009).

10 Merzouki, M., Bernet, N., Delgenès, J.P., Benlemlih, M., “Effect of prefermentation on denitrifying phosphorus removal in slaughterhouse wastewater”, Bioresour. Technol., 96 (12), 1317-1322 (2005).

11 Tsuneda, S., Ohno, T., Soejima, K., Hirata, A., “Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal using denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms in a sequencing batch reactor”, Biochem. Eng. J., 27 (3), 191-196 (2006).

12 APHA, AWWA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed., American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington DC (1995).

13 Bernat, K., Wojnowska-Bary?a, I., Dobrzyńska, A., “Denitrification with endogenous carbon source at low C/N and its effect on P(3HB) accumulation”, Bioresour. Technol., 99 (7), 2410-2418 (2008).

14 Wang, Y.Y., Peng, Y.Z., Stephenson, T., “Effect of influent nutrient ratios and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a two-sludge sequencing batch reactor process”, Bioresour. Technol., 100 (14), 3506-3512 (2009).

15 Ge, S.J., Peng, Y.Z., Wang, S., Guo, J., Ma, B., Zhang, L., Cao, X., “Enhanced nutrient removal in a modified step feed process treating municipal wastewater with different inflow distribution ratios and nutrient ratios”, Bioresour. Technol., 101 (23), 9012-9019 (2010).

16 Lesage, N., Spèrandio, M., Lafforgue, C., Cockx, A., “Calibration and application of a 1-D model for oxidation ditches”, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 81 (9), 1259-1264 (2003).

17 Hao, X.D., Doddema, H.J., Groenestijn, J.W.V., “Conditions and mechanisms affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a pasveer oxidation ditch”, Bioresour. Technol., 59 (2-3), 207-215 (1997).

18 Zhao, H., Mavinic, D.S., Oldham, W.K., Koch, F.A., “Controlling factor simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a two-stage intermittent aeration process treating domestic sewage”, Wat. Res., 33 (4), 961-970 (1999).

19 Hu, Z.R., Wentzel, M.C., Ekama, G.A., “Anoxic growth of phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems”, Wat. Res., 36 (19), 4927-4937 (2002).

20 Saito, T., Brdjanovic, D., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., “Effect of nitrite on phosphate uptake by phosphate accumulating organisms”, Wat. Res., 38 (17), 3760-3768 (2004).

21 Yoshida, Y., Takahashi, K., Saito, T., Tanaka, K., “The effect of nitrite on aerobic phosphate uptake and denitrifying activity of phosphate-accumulating organisms”, Wat. Sci. Technol., 53 (6), 21-27 (2006).

22 Romanski, J., Heider, M., Wiesmann, U., “Kinetics of anaerobic orthophosphate release and substrate uptake in enhanced biological phosphorus removal from synthetic wastewater”, Wat. Res., 31 (12), 3137-3145 (1997).

23 Mulkerrins, D., Dobson, A.D.W., Colleran, E., “Parameters affecting biological phosphate removal from wastewaters”, Environ. Inter., 30 (2), 249-259 (2004).

24 Kuba, T., Van, Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Heijnen, J.J., “Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system”, Wat. Res., 30 (7), 1702-1710 (1996).

25 Carvalho, G., Lemos, P.C., Oehmen, A., Reis, M.A.M., “Denitrifying phosphorus removal: linking the process performance with the microbial community structure”, Wat. Res., 41 (19), 4383-4396 (2007).

[1]	Xingjuan Liang, Dehua Xu, Zhengjuan Yan, Jingxu Yang, Xinlong Wang, Zhiye Zhang, Jingli Wu, Honggang Zhen. Solid-liquid phase equilibrium for the system ammonium polyphosphate-urea ammonium nitrate-potassium chloride-water at 273.2 K [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 60(8): 131-142.
[2]	Zhenfu Wang, Jie Gao, Qinghong Shi, Xiaoyan Dong, Yan Sun. Facile purification and immobilization of organophosphorus hydrolase on protein-inorganic hybrid phosphate nanosheets [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 56(4): 119-125.
[3]	Muhammad Faizan, Yingwei Li, Ruirui Zhang, Xingsheng Wang, Piao Song, Ruixia Liu. Progress of vanadium phosphorous oxide catalyst for n-butane selective oxidation [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 43(3): 297-315.
[4]	Cemile Şeyma Arzum Yapıcı, Dilan Toprak, Müjgan Yıldız, Sinan Uyanık, Yakup Karaaslan, Deniz Uçar. A combo technology of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification processes for groundwater treatment [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 37(9): 121-127.
[5]	Lei Han, Ying Ouyang, Enhui Xing, Yibin Luo, Zhijian Da. Enhancing hydrothermal stability of framework Al in ZSM-5: From the view on the transformation between P and Al species by solid-state NMR spectroscopy [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020, 28(12): 3052-3060.
[6]	Wei Wei, Pengfei Xia, Zaiwen Liu, Min Zuo. A modified active disturbance rejection control for a wastewater treatment process [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020, 28(10): 2607-2619.
[7]	Yen Khai Chai, How Chun Lam, Chai Hoon Koo, Woei Jye Lau, Soon Onn Lai, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail. Performance evaluation of polyamide nanofiltration membranes for phosphorus removal process and their stability against strong acid/alkali solution [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(8): 1789-1797.
[8]	Mohammad El Wali, Saeed Rahimpour Golroudbary, Andrzej Kraslawski. Impact of recycling improvement on the life cycle of phosphorus [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(5): 1219-1229.
[9]	Mohammad Bagher Sabeti, Mohammad Amin Hejazi, Afzal Karimi. Enhanced removal of nitrate and phosphate from wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris: Multi-objective optimization and CFD simulation [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(3): 639-648.
[10]	Hongrui Ren, Jibin Song, Qinqin Xu, Jianzhong Yin. Solubility of the silver nitrate in supercritical carbon dioxide with ethanol and ethylene glycol as double cosolvents: Experimental determination and correlation [J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2019, 27(2): 400-404.
[11]	Zhijuan Niu, Sitao Zhang, Yanhe Han, Mengmeng Qi. Optimization of the N₂ generation selectivity in aqueous nitrate reduction using internal circulation micro-electrolysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(12): 3010-3016.
[12]	Meisam Sharifi, Seyed-Mortaza Robatjazi, Minoo Sadri, Jafar Mohammadian Mosaabadi. Immobilization of organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme by covalent attachment on modified cellulose microfibers using different chemical activation strategies: Characterization and stability studies [J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2019, 27(1): 191-199.
[13]	Meinan Zhen, Benru Song, Xiaomei Liu, Radhika Chandankere, Jingchun Tang. Biochar-mediated regulation of greenhouse gas emission and toxicity reduction in bioremediation of organophosphorus pesticide-contaminated soils [J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2018, 26(12): 2592-2600.
[14]	Xulong Dong, Jian Li, Qinggui Xiao, Hui Zhang, Tao Qi. Reliable, environmentally friendly method for the recycling of spent Ag/α-Al₂O₃ catalysts using (NH₄)₂Ce(NO₃)₆ [J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2018, 26(10): 2169-2175.
[15]	Akbar Soliemanzadeh, Majid Fekri. Synthesis of clay-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron using green tea extract for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solutions [J]. , 2017, 25(7): 924-930.