Time-series analysis of the characteristic pressure fluctuations in a conical fluidized bed with negative pressure

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2020.09.042

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 87-99.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.09.042

• Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena • Previous Articles Next Articles

Time-series analysis of the characteristic pressure fluctuations in a conical fluidized bed with negative pressure

Sheng Fang^1,2, Yanding Wei^1,2, Lei Fu³, Geng Tian^1,2, Haibin Qu⁴

1 The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
3 College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
4 Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Received:2020-04-20 Revised:2020-07-31 Online:2021-06-19 Published:2021-04-28
Contact: Yanding Wei, Haibin Qu
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Standardization Project of TCM (ZYBZH-C-TJ-55) and National Science and Technology Major Project (2018ZX09201011-002). We thank American Journal Experts (AJE) for English language editing.

Time-series analysis of the characteristic pressure fluctuations in a conical fluidized bed with negative pressure

Sheng Fang^1,2, Yanding Wei^1,2, Lei Fu³, Geng Tian^1,2, Haibin Qu⁴

1 The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
3 College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
4 Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

通讯作者: Yanding Wei, Haibin Qu
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Standardization Project of TCM (ZYBZH-C-TJ-55) and National Science and Technology Major Project (2018ZX09201011-002). We thank American Journal Experts (AJE) for English language editing.

Abstract

Abstract: The negative pressure conical fluidized bed is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, experiments based on the negative pressure conical fluidized bed are carried out by changing the material mass and particle size. The pressure fluctuation signals are analyzed by the time and the frequency domain methods. A method for absolutely characterizing the degree of the energy concentration at the main frequency is proposed, where the calculation is to divide the original power spectrum by the average signal power. A phenomenon where the gas velocity curve temporarily stops growing is observed when the material mass is light, and the particle size is small. The standard deviation and kurtosis both rapidly change at the minimum fluidization velocity and thus can be used to determine the flow regime, and the variation rule of the kurtosis is independent of both the material mass and particle size. In the initial fluidization stage, the dominant pressure signal comes from the material movement; with the increase in the gas velocity, the power of a 2.5 Hz signal continues to increase. A method of dividing the main frequency by the average cycle frequency can conveniently determine the fluidized state, and a novel concept called stable fluidized zone proposed in this paper can be obtained. Controlling the gas velocity within the stable fluidized zone ensures that the fluidized bed consistently remains in a stable fluidized state.

Key words: Conical fluidized bed, Negative pressure, Pressure fluctuation, Time-series analysis, Characteristic value, Fluidized state

摘要： The negative pressure conical fluidized bed is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, experiments based on the negative pressure conical fluidized bed are carried out by changing the material mass and particle size. The pressure fluctuation signals are analyzed by the time and the frequency domain methods. A method for absolutely characterizing the degree of the energy concentration at the main frequency is proposed, where the calculation is to divide the original power spectrum by the average signal power. A phenomenon where the gas velocity curve temporarily stops growing is observed when the material mass is light, and the particle size is small. The standard deviation and kurtosis both rapidly change at the minimum fluidization velocity and thus can be used to determine the flow regime, and the variation rule of the kurtosis is independent of both the material mass and particle size. In the initial fluidization stage, the dominant pressure signal comes from the material movement; with the increase in the gas velocity, the power of a 2.5 Hz signal continues to increase. A method of dividing the main frequency by the average cycle frequency can conveniently determine the fluidized state, and a novel concept called stable fluidized zone proposed in this paper can be obtained. Controlling the gas velocity within the stable fluidized zone ensures that the fluidized bed consistently remains in a stable fluidized state.

关键词: Conical fluidized bed, Negative pressure, Pressure fluctuation, Time-series analysis, Characteristic value, Fluidized state

Sheng Fang, Yanding Wei, Lei Fu, Geng Tian, Haibin Qu. Time-series analysis of the characteristic pressure fluctuations in a conical fluidized bed with negative pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 32(4): 87-99.

Sheng Fang, Yanding Wei, Lei Fu, Geng Tian, Haibin Qu. Time-series analysis of the characteristic pressure fluctuations in a conical fluidized bed with negative pressure[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2021, 32(4): 87-99.

References

[1] G. Chaplin, T. Pugsley, C. Winters, Monitoring the fluidized bed granulation process based on S-statistic analysis of a pressure time series, Aaps Pharmscitech. 6(2) (2005) E198-E201.
[2] D. Vervloet, J. Nijenhuis, J.R. van Ommen, Monitoring a lab-scale fluidized bed dryer:A comparison between pressure transducers, passive acoustic emissions and vibration measurements, Powder Technol. 197(1) (2010) 36-48.
[3] C.A.M. Silva, M.R. Parise, F.V. Silva, O.P. Taranto, Control of fluidized bed coating particles using Gaussian spectral pressure distribution, Powder Technol. 212(3) (2011) 445-458.
[4] S.H. Schaafsma, T. Marx, A.C. Hoffmann, Investigation of the particle flowpattern and segregation in tapered fluidized bed granulators, Chem. Eng. Sci. 61(14) (2006) 4467-4475.
[5] T.M. Gernon, M.A. Gilbertson, Segregation of particles in a tapered fluidized bed, Powder Technol. 231(2012) 88-101.
[6] D.C. Sau, S. Mohanty, K.C. Biswal, Minimum fluidization velocities and maximum bed pressure drops for gas-solid tapered fluidized beds, Chem. Eng. J. 132(1) (2007) 151-157.
[7] L.T. Fan, T. Ho, S. Hiraoka, W.P. Walawender, Pressure fluctuations in a fluidized bed, AIChE J. 27(3) (1981) 388-396.
[8] H.T. Bi, A critical review of the complex pressure fluctuation phenomenon in gas-solids fluidized beds, Chem. Eng. Sci. 62(13) (2007) 3473-3493.
[9] J. van der Schaaf, J.C. Schouten, C.M. van den Bleek, Origin, propagation and attenuation of pressure waves in gas-solid fluidized beds, Powder Technol. 95(3) (1998) 220-233.
[10] C.E. Davies, A. Carroll, R. Flemmer, Particle size monitoring in a fluidized bed using pressure fluctuations, Powder Technol. 180(3) (2008) 307-311.
[11] C.E. Davies, D. Krouse, A. Carroll, A new approach to the identification of transitions in fluidized beds, Powder Technol. 199(1) (2010) 107-110.
[12] S. Gheorghiu, J.R. van Ommen, M.O. Coppens, Power-law distribution of pressure fluctuations in multiphase flow, Phys. Rev. E Statal Nonlinear & Soft Matter Phys. 67(4) (2003) 41305.
[13] J. Gómez-Hernández, J. Sánchez-Prieto, J.V. Briongos, D. Santana, Wide band energy analysis of fluidized bed pressure fluctuation signals using a frequency division method, Chem. Eng. Sci. 105(2014) 92-103.
[14] M. Wormsbecker, R. van Ommen, J. Nijenhuis, H. Tanfara, T. Pugsley, The influence of vessel geometry on fluidized bed dryer hydrodynamics, Powder Technol. 194(1) (2009) 115-125.
[15] H. Kage, M. Agari, H. Ogura, Y. Matsuno, Frequency analysis of pressure fluctuation in fluidized bed plenum and its confidence limit for detection of various modes of fluidization, Adv. Powder Technol. 11(4) (2000) 459-475.
[16] G. Chaplin, T. Pugsley, C. Winters, Application of chaos analysis to pressure fluctuation data from a fluidized bed dryer containing pharmaceutical granule, Powder Technol. 142(2) (2004) 110-120.
[17] J.R. van Ommen, M.O. Coppens, C.M. van den Bleek, J.C. Schouten, Early warning of agglomeration in fluidized beds by attractor comparison, AIChE J. 46(11) (2000) 2183-2197.
[18] J.C. Schouten, C.M. van den Bleek, Monitoring the quality of fluidization using the short-term predictability of pressure fluctuations, AIChE J. 44(1) (1998) 48-60.
[19] H. Jiang, H. Chen, J. Gao, J. Lu, Y. Wang, C. Wang, Characterization of gas-solid fluidization in fluidized beds with different particle size distributions by analyzing pressure fluctuations in wind caps, Chem. Eng. J. 352(2018) 923-939.
[20] M. Wormsbecker, T. Pugsley, H. Tanfara, Interpretation of the hydrodynamic behaviour in a conical fluidized bed dryer, Chem. Eng. Sci. 64(8) (2009) 1739-1746.
[21] J. Xiang, Q. Li, A. Wang, Y. Zhang, Mathematical analysis of characteristic pressure fluctuations in a bubbling fluidized bed, Powder Technol. 333(2018) 167-179.
[22] J. Gómez-Hernández, D. Serrano, A. Soria-Verdugo, S. Sánchez-Delgado, Agglomeration detection by pressure fluctuation analysis during Cynara cardunculus L. gasification in a fluidized bed, Chem. Eng. J. 284(2016) 640-649.
[23] L. de Martín, K. van den Dries, J.R. van Ommen, Comparison of three different methodologies of pressure signal processing to monitor fluidized-bed dryers/granulators, Chem. Eng. J. 172(1) (2011) 487-499.
[24] F. Johnsson, R.C. Zijerveld, J.C. Schouten, C.M. van den Bleek, B. Leckner, Characterization of fluidization regimes by time-series analysis of pressure fluctuations, Int. J. Multiphas. Flow 26(4) (2000) 663-715.
[25] H. He, X. Lu, W. Shuang, et al., Statistical and frequency analysis of the pressure fluctuation in a fluidized bed of non-spherical particles, Particuology 16(2014) 178-186.
[26] S.M. Okhovat-Alavian, J. Behin, N. Mostoufi, Investigating the flow structures in semi-cylindrical bubbling fluidized bed using pressure fluctuation signals, Adv. Powder Technol. 30(6) (2019) 1247-1256.
[27] T. Pugsley, G. Chaplin, P. Khanna, Application of advanced measurement techniques to conical lab-scale fluidized bed dryers containing pharmaceutical granule, Food Bioprod. Process. 85(3) (2007) 273-283.
[28] A. Burggraeve, T. Monteyne, C. Vervaet, J.P. Remon, T.D. Beer, Process analytical tools for monitoring, understanding, and control of pharmaceutical fluidized bed granulation:A review, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 83(1) (2013) 2-15.
[29] C.A.M. Da Silva, J.J. Butzge, M. Nitz, O.P. Taranto, Monitoring and control of coating and granulation processes in fluidized beds-A review, Adv. Powder Technol. 25(1) (2014) 195-210.
[30] J.R. van Ommen, J.C. Schouten, M.L.M. Vander Stappen, C.M. van den Bleek, Response characteristics of probe-transducer systems for pressure measurements in gas-solid fluidized beds:how to prevent pitfalls in dynamic pressure measurements, Powder Technol. 106(1999) 199-218.
[31] D. Geldart, Types of gas fluidization, Powder Technol. 7(1973) 285-292.
[32] C.M.H. Brereton, J.R. Grace, The transition to turbulent fluidization, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 70(1992) 246-251.
[33] A. Chehbouni, J. Chaouki, C. Guy, D. Klvana, Characterization of the flow transition between bubbling and turbulent fluidization, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 33(8) (1994) 1889-1896.

Time-series analysis of the characteristic pressure fluctuations in a conical fluidized bed with negative pressure

Time-series analysis of the characteristic pressure fluctuations in a conical fluidized bed with negative pressure

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 7

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Gongpeng Wu, Yan He. Investigation on gas–solid flow regimes in a novel multistage fluidized bed [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 46(6): 21-30.
[2]	Wenjuan Bai, Dianming Chu, Yan He. Fluidization dynamic characteristics of carbon nanotube particles in a tapered fluidized bed [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 321-331.
[3]	ZHOU Huan, ZHANG Shuai, GAO Fei, BAI Xiaoqin, SHA Zuoliang. Solubility of Ammonia in Ethylene Glycol Between 303 K and 323 K under Low Pressure from 0.030 to 0.101 Mpa [J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2014, 22(2): 181-186.
[4]	LUO Xiaoming, HE Limin, MA Huawei. Flow Pattern and Pressure Fluctuation of Severe Slugging in Pipeline-riser System [J]. , 2011, 19(1): 26-32.
[5]	ZHANGJiansheng,LÜ,Junfu, WANGXin,ZHANGHai,YUEGuangxi,SUDAToshiyuki,SATOJunichi. Characterization of pressure signals in fluidized beds loaded with large particles using Wigner distribution analysis: Feasibility of diagnosis of agglomeration [J]. , 2007, 15(1): 24-29.
[6]	SUN Huaiyu,WU Yuan,XU Chenghai. Pressure Fluctuation in the Submerged Circulative Impinging Stream Reactor [J]. , 2006, 14(4): 428-434.
[7]	ZHEN Ling, WANG Xiaoping, CHEN Bochuan, HUANG Hai, HUANG Chunyan. Multi-scale Analysis of Chaotic Characteristics in a Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed [J]. , 2002, 10(3): 358-362.