Physicochemical properties of lard oil and rubber seed oil blends and their comprehensive characterization

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2024.07.010

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2024, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (11): 1-13.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2024.07.010

Physicochemical properties of lard oil and rubber seed oil blends and their comprehensive characterization

Amonrat Thangthong^1,2, Wuttichai Roschat^2,3,4, Phongsakorn Pholsupho^2,3, Aekkaphon Thammayod^2,3,4, Sunti Phewphong^2,4, Tappagorn Leelatam^2,4,5, Preecha Moonsin⁶, Boonyawan Yoosuk⁷, Pathompong Janetaisong⁷, Vinich Promarak⁸

1. Program of Environment Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
2. Biomass Energy Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence on Alternative Energy, Research and Development Institution, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
3. Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
4. Innovation in Chemistry for Community Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
5. Appropriated Technology Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
6. Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
7. National Energy Technology Center (ENTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
8. Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand

Received:2024-05-09 Revised:2024-07-26 Accepted:2024-07-30 Online:2024-08-17 Published:2024-11-28
Contact: Wuttichai Roschat,E-mail:roschat1@gmail.com
Supported by:
This project was financially supported by the Research and Development Institute at Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, as well as by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) (N42A650196).

Physicochemical properties of lard oil and rubber seed oil blends and their comprehensive characterization

1. Program of Environment Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
2. Biomass Energy Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence on Alternative Energy, Research and Development Institution, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
3. Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
4. Innovation in Chemistry for Community Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
5. Appropriated Technology Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
6. Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Mueang District, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
7. National Energy Technology Center (ENTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
8. Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand

通讯作者: Wuttichai Roschat,E-mail:roschat1@gmail.com
基金资助:
This project was financially supported by the Research and Development Institute at Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, as well as by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) (N42A650196).

Abstract

Abstract: This research investigates the potential of blending complementary lard oil with rubber seed oil as feedstock for biodiesel production. Rubber seed oil, obtained through hexane extraction using the Soxhlet method, contains the major fatty acids of oleic acid (C_18:1), palmitic acid (C_16:0), linoleic acid (C_18:2), and stearic acid (C_18:0), while rubber seed oil primarily consists of linoleic acid (C_18:2), oleic acid (C_18:1), linolenic acid (C_18:3), palmitic acid (C_16:0), and stearic acid (C_18:0). The least acid value of lard oil (0.55 mg KOH/g) can benefit of reducing soap formation of rubber seed oil during transesterification process in biodiesel production due to its substantial-high acid value (16.28 mg KOH/g). Blending at ratios below 80:20 volume ratio produced biodiesel exceeding 85%, utilizing CaO as a catalyst. Lard oil demonstrated a higher reaction rate constant (11.88×10^-3 min^-1) than rubber seed oil (2.11×10^-3 min^-1), indicating a significant difference in performance. High acid value and free fatty acids in rubber seed oil correlated with lower reaction rates. Maintaining a mixture ratio below 80:20 volume ratio optimized reaction rates during biodiesel production. Biodiesel obtained from blends below 80:20 volume ratio met ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, demonstrating suitability for bio-auto fuel. The drawbacks of using rubber seed oil as a raw material for biodiesel production are overcome by blending with lard oil, giving rise to expanding renewable energy options for rural communities, community enterprises, and large-scale biodiesel production.

Key words: Biodiesel oil, Rubber seed oil, Lard oil, High free fatty acid, Physicochemical properties, Liquid biofuels

摘要： This research investigates the potential of blending complementary lard oil with rubber seed oil as feedstock for biodiesel production. Rubber seed oil, obtained through hexane extraction using the Soxhlet method, contains the major fatty acids of oleic acid (C_18:1), palmitic acid (C_16:0), linoleic acid (C_18:2), and stearic acid (C_18:0), while rubber seed oil primarily consists of linoleic acid (C_18:2), oleic acid (C_18:1), linolenic acid (C_18:3), palmitic acid (C_16:0), and stearic acid (C_18:0). The least acid value of lard oil (0.55 mg KOH/g) can benefit of reducing soap formation of rubber seed oil during transesterification process in biodiesel production due to its substantial-high acid value (16.28 mg KOH/g). Blending at ratios below 80:20 volume ratio produced biodiesel exceeding 85%, utilizing CaO as a catalyst. Lard oil demonstrated a higher reaction rate constant (11.88×10^-3 min^-1) than rubber seed oil (2.11×10^-3 min^-1), indicating a significant difference in performance. High acid value and free fatty acids in rubber seed oil correlated with lower reaction rates. Maintaining a mixture ratio below 80:20 volume ratio optimized reaction rates during biodiesel production. Biodiesel obtained from blends below 80:20 volume ratio met ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, demonstrating suitability for bio-auto fuel. The drawbacks of using rubber seed oil as a raw material for biodiesel production are overcome by blending with lard oil, giving rise to expanding renewable energy options for rural communities, community enterprises, and large-scale biodiesel production.

关键词: Biodiesel oil, Rubber seed oil, Lard oil, High free fatty acid, Physicochemical properties, Liquid biofuels

Amonrat Thangthong, Wuttichai Roschat, Phongsakorn Pholsupho, Aekkaphon Thammayod, Sunti Phewphong, Tappagorn Leelatam, Preecha Moonsin, Boonyawan Yoosuk, Pathompong Janetaisong, Vinich Promarak. Physicochemical properties of lard oil and rubber seed oil blends and their comprehensive characterization[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2024, 75(11): 1-13.

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Physicochemical properties of lard oil and rubber seed oil blends and their comprehensive characterization

Physicochemical properties of lard oil and rubber seed oil blends and their comprehensive characterization

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