Effects of Sorbents on the Partitioning and Speciation of Cu During Municipal Solid Waste Incineration

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2014.09.030

Abstract

Abstract: Oxides of silicon, aluminium and calcium are normally dominant minerals during municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion. In flue gas, SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and CaO all act as sorbents capturing heavy metals (and semi-volatile organics). To further understand the effect of sorbents during MSW combustion, the effects of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and CaO on Cu partitioning were experimentally investigated by the combustion of synthetic MSW in a tubular furnace and their effects on Cu speciation were studied by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using ChemKin software. The experiments show that CaO has the highest Cu sorption efficiency at 900 ℃, followed by Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations show that for Cu the addition of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ reduces the amount of liquid CuCl, which is more volatile. However, the addition of CaO has little influence on chemical sorption of Cu, indicating that the sorption of CaO is resulted from physical sorption.

Key words: Municipal solid waste, Sorbent, Heavy metal, Tubular furnace, Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation

摘要： Oxides of silicon, aluminium and calcium are normally dominant minerals during municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion. In flue gas, SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and CaO all act as sorbents capturing heavy metals (and semi-volatile organics). To further understand the effect of sorbents during MSW combustion, the effects of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and CaO on Cu partitioning were experimentally investigated by the combustion of synthetic MSW in a tubular furnace and their effects on Cu speciation were studied by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using ChemKin software. The experiments show that CaO has the highest Cu sorption efficiency at 900 ℃, followed by Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations show that for Cu the addition of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ reduces the amount of liquid CuCl, which is more volatile. However, the addition of CaO has little influence on chemical sorption of Cu, indicating that the sorption of CaO is resulted from physical sorption.

关键词: Municipal solid waste, Sorbent, Heavy metal, Tubular furnace, Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation

Hui Zhou, Jin Sun, Aihong Meng, Qinghai Li, Yanguo Zhang . Effects of Sorbents on the Partitioning and Speciation of Cu During Municipal Solid Waste Incineration[J]. , 2014, 22(11/12): 1347-1351.

References

[1] Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, A. Meng, Q. Li, H. Cheng, Experimental and thermodynamic investigation on transfer of cadmium influenced by sulfur and chlorine during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration, J. Hazard. Mater. 153 (1-2) (2008) 309-319.
[2] W.P. Linak, J.O.L.Wendt, Toxic metal emissions from incineration: mechanisms and control, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 19 (2) (1993) 145-185.
[3] L.C. Dickson, D. Lenoir, O. Hutzinger, Quantitative comparison of denovo and precursor formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins under simulated municipal solid-waste incinerator postcombustion conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol. 26 (9) (1992) 1822-1828.
[4] R. Luijk, D.M. Akkerman, P. Slot, K. Olie, F. Kapteijn, Mechanism of formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the catalyzed combustion of carbon, Environ. Sci. Technol. 28 (2) (1994) 312-321.
[5] K.S. Wang, K.Y. Chiang, W.T. Chu, Fate and partitioning of heavy metals affected by organic chloride content during a simulated municipal solid waste incineration process, J. Environ. Sci. Health A A32 (7) (1997) 1877-1893.
[6] L.S. Sun, S. Abanades, J.D. Lu, G. Flamant, D. Gauthier, Volatilization of heavy metals during incineration of municipal solid wastes, J. Environ. Sci. 16 (4) (2004) 635-639.
[7] M.A. Fernandez, L. Martinez, M. Segarra, J.C. Garcia, F. Espiell, Behavior of heavy metals in the combustion gases of urban waste incinerators, Environ. Sci. Technol. 26 (5) (1992) 1040-1047.
[8] T.C. Ho, C. Chen, J.R. Hopper, D.A. Oberacker, Metal capture during fluidized-bed incineration of wastes contaminated with lead chloride, Combust. Sci. Technol. 85 (1-6) (1992) 101-116.
[9] J.F. Cheng, H.C. Zeng, Z.H. Zhang, M.H. Xu, The effects of solid absorbents on the emission of trace elements, SO₂, and NO_x during coal combustion, Int. J. Energy Res. 25 (12) (2001) 1043-1052.
[10] J.H. Kuo, C.L. Lin, M.Y. Wey, Effect of particle agglomeration on heavy metals adsorption by Al-and Ca-based sorbents during fluidized bed incineration, Fuel Process. Technol. 92 (10) (2011) 2089-2098.
[11] J.Wochele, S. Stucki, Similarity laws for the tubular furnace as amodel of a fixed-bed waste incinerator, Chem. Eng. Technol. 22 (3) (1999) 209.
[12] Z.X. Tan, H.B. Li, X.L. Wang, X.G. Jiang, J.H. Yan, Species transformation of trace elements and their distribution prediction in dyestuff residue incineration, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 15 (2) (2007) 268-275.
[13] J.H. Yan, Z.X. Tan, X.G. Jiang, Y. Chi, K.F. Cen, Behavior and control of chlorine in dyestuff residue incineration, J. Environ. Sci. 18 (3) (2006) 577-582.
[14] K. Wang, K. Chiang, C. Tsai, C. Sun, C. Tsai, K. Lin, The effects of FeCl₃ on the distribution of the heavy metals Cd, Cu, Cr, and Zn in a simulated multimetal incineration system, Environ. Int. 26 (4) (2001) 257-263.
[15] Y. Zhao, S. Stucki, C. Ludwig, J.Wochele, Impact ofmoisture on volatility of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerated in a laboratory scale simulated incinerator, Waste Manag. 24 (6) (2004) 581-587.
[16] D. Verhulst, A. Buekens, P.J. Spencer, G. Eriksson, Thermodynamic behavior of metal chlorides and sulfates under the conditions of incineration furnaces, Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 (1) (1996) 50-56.
[17] S.K. Durlak, P. Biswas, J. Shi, Equilibrium analysis of the affect of temperature, moisture and sodium content on heavy metal emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators, J. Hazard. Mater. 56 (1-2) (1997) 1-20.
[18] S. Abanades, G. Flamant, B. Gagnepain, D. Gauthier, Fate of heavy metals during municipal solid waste incineration, Waste Manag. Res. 20 (1) (2002) 55-68.
[19] Y. Zhang, Q. Li, A.Meng, Y. Chen, Y. Zhuo, C. Chen, Effects of sulfur compounds on Cd partitioning in a simulated municipal solid waste incinerator, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 15 (6) (2007) 889-894.
[20] A. Meng, Q. Li, J. Jia, Y. Zhang, Effect of moisture on partitioning of heavy metals in incineration of municipal solid waste, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 20 (5) (2012) 1008-1015.
[21] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Method 29 — Determination of Metal Emissions from Stationary Sources, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Washington, D.C., 1996
[22] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Method 5 — Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions from Stationary Sources, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Washington, D.C., 1996
[23] X.D. Li, S.Y. Lu, X. Xu, J.H. Yan, Y. Chi, Analysis on caloric value of Chinese cities' municipal solid waste, China Environ. Sci. 21 (2) (2001) 61-65 (in Chinese).
[24] D.A. Tillman, TraceMetals in Combustion Systems, Academic Press,Waltham, 1994.
[25] K. Chiang, K. Wang, C. Tsai, C. Sun, Formation of heavy metal species during PVC-containing simulated MSW incineration, J. Environ. Sci. Health A A36 (5) (2001) 833-844.
[26] J.G. Jang, M.R. Kim, W.H. Kim, J.K. Lee, Effect of Cl/S molar ratio on theoretical partitioning of heavy metals under waste combustion conditions, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 19 (6) (2002) 1097-1105.
[27] G.H. Liu, X.Q. Ma, Z.S. Yu, Experimental and kineticmodeling of oxygen-enriched air combustion of municipal solid waste, Waste Manag. 29 (2) (2009) 792-796.
[28] K.S.Wang, K.Y. Chiang, S.M. Lin, C.C. Tsai, C.J. Sun, Effects of chlorides on emissions of hydrogen chloride formation in waste incineration, Chemosphere 38 (7) (1999) 1571-1582.
[29] N. Watanabe, O. Yamamoto, M. Sakai, J. Fukuyama, Combustible and incombustible speciation of Cl and S in various components ofmunicipal solidwaste, WasteManag. 24 (6) (2004) 623-632.
[30] K. Chiang, K.Wang, F. Lin,W. Chu, Chloride effects on the speciation and partitioning of heavy metal during the municipal solid waste incineration process, Sci. Total Environ. 203 (1997) 129-140.
[31] J.G. Jang, W.H. Kim, M.R. Kim, H.S. Chun, J.K. Lee, Prediction of gaseous pollutants and heavy metals during fluidized bed incineration of dye sludge, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 18 (4) (2001) 506-511.
[32] D. Thompson, B.B. Argent, Thermodynamic equilibrium study of trace element mobilisation under pulverised fuel combustion conditions, Fuel 81 (3) (2002) 345-361.
[33] T.M. Owens, C.Y. Wu, P. Biswas, An equilibrium analysis for reaction of metal compounds with sorbents in high temperature systems, Chem. Eng. Commun. 133 (1995) 31-52.
[34] R. Yan, D. Gauthier, G. Flamant, J.M. Badie, Thermodynamic study of the behaviour of minor coal elements and their affinities to sulphur during coal combustion, Fuel 78 (15) (1999) 1817-1829.
[35] R. Hooke, T.A. Jeeves, Direct search solution of numerical and statistical problems, J. ACM 8 (2) (1961) 212-229.
[36] Q. Li, A.Meng, J. Jia, Y. Zhang, Investigation of heavymetal partitioning influenced by flue gas moisture and chlorine content during waste incineration, J. Environ. Sci. 22 (5) (2010) 760-768.
[37] S. Abanades, G. Flamant, D. Gauthier, The kinetics of vaporization of a heavy metal from a fluidized waste by an inverse method, Combust. Flame 134 (4) (2003) 315-326.
[38] R. Wu, Q. Li, A. Meng, Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, Effects of adsorbents on partitioning of Cd and Pb in MSW incineration, Environ. Sci. 30 (7) (2009) 2174-2178 (in Chinese).