Hierarchical pore structure of activated carbon fabricated by CO2/microwave for volatile organic compounds adsorption

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2017.04.006

Abstract

Abstract: An activated carbon pore-expanding technique was achieved through innovative reactivation by CO₂/microwave. The original and modified activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microcopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mesopore volume increased from 0.122 cm³·g^-1 to 0.270 cm³·g^-1, and a hierarchical pore structure was formed. A gradual decrease in the phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of activated carbon enhanced the surface inertia of granular activated carbon (GAC). The toluene desorption rate of the modified sample increased by 8.81% compared with that of the original GAC. Adsorption isotherm fittings revealed that the Langmuir model was applicable for the original and modified activated carbons. The isosteric adsorption heat of toluene on the activated carbon decreased by approximately 50%, which endowed the modified sample with excellent stability in application. The modified samples showed an enhanced desorption performance of toluene, thereby opening a way to extend the cycle life and improve the economic performance of carbon adsorbent in practical engineering applications.

Key words: Activated carbon, CO₂/microwave, Pore regulation, volatile organic compounds, Desorption

摘要： An activated carbon pore-expanding technique was achieved through innovative reactivation by CO₂/microwave. The original and modified activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microcopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mesopore volume increased from 0.122 cm³·g^-1 to 0.270 cm³·g^-1, and a hierarchical pore structure was formed. A gradual decrease in the phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of activated carbon enhanced the surface inertia of granular activated carbon (GAC). The toluene desorption rate of the modified sample increased by 8.81% compared with that of the original GAC. Adsorption isotherm fittings revealed that the Langmuir model was applicable for the original and modified activated carbons. The isosteric adsorption heat of toluene on the activated carbon decreased by approximately 50%, which endowed the modified sample with excellent stability in application. The modified samples showed an enhanced desorption performance of toluene, thereby opening a way to extend the cycle life and improve the economic performance of carbon adsorbent in practical engineering applications.

关键词: Activated carbon, CO₂/microwave, Pore regulation, volatile organic compounds, Desorption

Wenjuan Qiu, Kang Dou, Ying Zhou, Haifeng Huang, Yinfei Chen, Hanfeng Lu. Hierarchical pore structure of activated carbon fabricated by CO₂/microwave for volatile organic compounds adsorption[J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2018, 26(1): 81-88.

References

[1] T.J. Bandosz, C.O. Ania, Activated carbon surfaces in environmental remediation, Interface Sci. Technol. 7(2006) 159-229.

[2] N. Mohamad Nor, L.C. Lau, K.T. Lee, A.R. Mohamed, Synthesis of activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass and its applications in air pollution control-A review, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 1(2013) 658-666.

[3] N. Karatepe, I. Orbak, R. Yavuz, A. Ozyuguran, Sulfur dioxide adsorption by activated carbons having different textural and chemical properties, Fuel 87(2008) 3207-3215.

[4] R. Pedicini, A. Sacc, A. Carbone, E. Passalacqua, Hydrogen storage based on polymeric material, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 36(2011) 9062-9068.

[5] H. Yu, K. Zhang, C. Rossi, Theoretical study on photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs using nano-TiO₂ photocatalyst, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 188(2007) 65-73.

[6] S. Vardharajula, S.Z. Ali, P.M. Tiwari, E. Eroglu, K. Vig, V.A. Dennis, S.R. Singh, Functionalized carbon nanotubes:Biomedical applications, Int. J. Nanomedicine 7(2012) 5361-5374.

[7] F. Gironi, V. Piemonte, VOCs removal from dilute vapour streams by adsorption onto activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J. 172(2011) 671-677.

[8] T. Dobre, O.C. Parvulescu, G. Iavorschi, M. Stroescu, A. Stoica, Volatile organic compounds removal from gas streams by adsorption onto activated carbon, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53(2014) 3622-3628.

[9] G.R. Parmar, N.N. Rao, Emerging control technologies for volatile organic compounds, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39(2008) 41-78.

[10] K. Yang, J. Peng, C. Srinivasakannan, L. Zhang, H. Xia, X. Duan, Preparation of high surface area activated carbon from coconut shells using microwave heating, Bioresour. Technol. 101(2010) 6163-6169.

[11] D. Das, V. Gaur, N. Verma, Removal of volatile organic compound by activated carbon fiber, Carbon N. Y. 42(2004) 2949-2962.

[12] C. Long, Y. Li, W. Yu, A. Li, Removal of benzene and methyl ethyl ketone vapor:Comparison of hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent with activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater. 203-204(2012) 251-256.

[13] W. Shen, J. Zheng, Z. Qin, J. Wang, Preparation of mesoporous carbon from commercial activated carbon with steam activation in the presence of cerium oxide, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 264(2003) 467-473.

[14] H.M. Williams, E.A. Dawson, P.A. Barnes, G.M.B. Parkes, L.A. Pears, C.J. Hindmarsh, A new low temperature approach to developing mesoporosity in metal-doped carbons for adsorption and catalysis, J. Porous. Mater. 16(2009) 557-564.

[15] A. Oya, S. Yoshida, J. Alcaniz-Monge, A. Linares-Solano, Formation of mesopores in phenolic resin-derived carbon fiber by catalytic activation using cobalt, Carbon N. Y. 33(1995) 1085-1090.

[16] G. Gong, Q. Xie, Y. Zheng, S. Ye, Y. Chen, Regulation of pore size distribution in coalbased activated carbon, Carbon N. Y. 47(2009) 2942.

[17] S. Kang, J. Jian-chun, C. Dan-dan, Preparation of activated carbon with highly developed mesoporous structure from Camellia oleifera shell through water vapor gasification and phosphoric acid modification, Biomass Bioenergy 35(2011) 3643-3647.

[18] J. Guo, A.C. Lua, Preparation of activated carbons from oil-palm-stone chars by microwave-induced carbon dioxide activation, Carbon N. Y. 38(2000) 1985-1993.

[19] J. Georgin, G.L. Dotto, M.A. Mazutti, E.L. Foletto, Preparation of activated carbon from peanut shell by conventional pyrolysis and microwave irradiation-pyrolysis to remove organic dyes from aqueous solutions, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 4(2016) 266-275.

[20] Qing-Song Liu, Tong Zheng, Nan Li, Peng Wang, Gulizhaer Abulikemu, Modification of bamboo-based activated carbon using microwave radiation and its effects on the adsorption of methylene blue, Appl. Surf. Sci. 256(2010) 3309-3315.

[21] A.C. Lua, J. Guo, Activated carbon prepared from oil palm stone by one-step CO₂ activation for gaseous pollutant removal, Carbon N. Y. 38(2000) 1089-1097.

[22] S.G. Herawan, M.S. Hadi, M.R. Ayob, A. Putra, Characterization of activated carbons from oil-palm shell by CO₂ activation with no holding carbonization temperature, Sci. World J. 2013(2013) 5-7.

[23] F. Rodrlguez-Reinoso, M. Molina-Sabio, M.T. Gonzalez, The use of steam and CO₂ as activating agents in the preparation of activated carbons, Carbon N. Y. 33(1995).

[24] H. Feng Lu, J. Jing Cao, Y. Zhou, D. Li Zhan, Y. Fei Chen, Novel hydrophobic PDVB/RSiO₂ for adsorption of volatile organic compounds from highly humid gas stream, J. Hazard. Mater. 262(2013) 83-90.

[25] I.K. Shah, P. Pre, B.J. Alappat, Effect of thermal regeneration of spent activated carbon on volatile organic compound adsorption performances, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 45(2014) 1733-1738.

[26] C.A. Basar, Applicability of the various adsorption models of three dyes adsorption onto activated carbon prepared waste apricot, J. Hazard. Mater. 135(2006) 232-241.

[27] J. Benkhedda, J.N. Jaubert, D. Barth, L. Perrin, Experimental and modeled results describing the adsorption of toluene onto activated carbon, J. Chem. Eng. Data 45(2000) 650-653.

[28] W. Kast, Principles of adsorption and adsorption processes, Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensif. 19(1985) 118.

[29] S.D. Manjare, A.K. Ghoshal, Adsorption equilibrium studies for ethyl acetate vapor and E-Merck 13X molecular sieve system, Sep. Purif. Technol. 51(2006) 118-125.

[30] R. Okayama, Y. Amano, M. Machida, Effect of nitrogen species on an activated carbon surface on the adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution, Carbon N. Y. 48(2010) 45-50.

[31] S. Guo, J. Peng, W. Li, K. Yang, L. Zhang, S. Zhang, H. Xia, Effects of CO₂ activation on porous structures of coconut shell-based activated carbons, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255(2009) 8443-8449.

[32] D. Adinata, W.M.A. Wan Daud, M.K. Aroua, Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from palm shell by chemical activation with K₂CO₃, Bioresour. Technol. 98(2007) 145-149.

[33] M. East, Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution[J], Pure & Applied Chemistry 87(9) (2015) 25-25, http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-1117.

[34] Y. Liu, L. He, X. Lu, P. Xiao, Transmission electron microscopy study of the microstructure of carbon/carbon composites reinforced with in situ grown carbon nanofibers, Carbon N. Y. 50(2012) 2424-2430.

[35] N. Byamba-Ochir, W.G. Shim, M.S. Balathanigaimani, H. Moon, Highly porous activated carbons prepared from carbon rich Mongolian anthracite by direct NaOH activation, Appl. Surf. Sci. 379(2016) 331-337.

[36] C.C. Huang, H.S. Li, C.H. Chen, Effect of surface acidic oxides of activated carbon on adsorption of ammonia, J. Hazard. Mater. 159(2008) 523-527.

Hierarchical pore structure of activated carbon fabricated by CO₂/microwave for volatile organic compounds adsorption

Hierarchical pore structure of activated carbon fabricated by CO₂/microwave for volatile organic compounds adsorption

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Yifan Jiang, Bingqi Xie, Jisong Zhang. Highly reactive and reusable heterogeneous activated carbons-based palladium catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura reaction [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 60(8): 165-172.
[2]	Yutong Jiang, Yifeng Chen, Fuliu Yang, Jixue Fan, Jun Li, Zhuhong Yang, Xiaoyan Ji. Efficient SO₂ removal using aqueous ionic liquid at low partial pressure [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 58(6): 355-363.
[3]	Xinyu Yang, Zezhi Chen, Huijuan Gong. Coking of Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst in landfill gas deoxygen and its effects on catalytic performance [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 57(5): 224-232.
[4]	Huan Xiang, Huiping Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Ying Yan. Adsorption dynamics of ethane from air in structured fixed beds with different microfibrous composites [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 53(1): 14-24.
[5]	Yadong Li, Yuanhui Shen, Zhaoyang Niu, Junpeng Tian, Donghui Zhang, Zhongli Tang, Wenbin Li. Process analysis of temperature swing adsorption and temperature vacuum swing adsorption in VOCs recovery from activated carbon [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 53(1): 346-360.
[6]	Jun Li, Liqiang Zhang, Xiao Zhu, Mengze Zhang, Tai Feng, Xiqiang Zhao, Tao Wang, Zhanlong Song, Chunyuan Ma. Systematic investigation of SO₂ adsorption and desorption by porous powdered activated coke: Interaction between adsorption temperature and desorption energy consumption [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 48(8): 140-148.
[7]	Xing Su, Ning Qiao, Bao-Chang Sun. A route for the study on mass transfer enhancement by adding particles in liquid phase [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 48(8): 158-165.
[8]	Wenjian Zhu, Xuhua Shen, Rui Ou, Manoj Murugesan, Aihua Yuan, Jianfeng Liu, Xiaocai Hu, Zhen Yang, Ming Shen, Fu Yang. Superhigh selective capture of volatile organic compounds exploiting cigarette butts-derived engineering carbonaceous adsorbent [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 46(6): 194-206.
[9]	Tao Sun, Mingjun Pang, Yang Fei. Numerical study on hydrodynamic characteristics of spherical bubble contaminated by surfactants under higher Reynolds numbers [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 45(5): 268-283.
[10]	Xiaocui Sun, Xue Liu, Guang-Rong Zhao. Separation of salidroside from the fermentation broth of engineered Escherichia coli using macroporous adsorbent resins [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 260-267.
[11]	Zenan Wang, Xin Zheng, Yan Wang, Heng Lin, Hui Zhang. Evaluation of phenanthrene removal from soil washing effluent by activated carbon adsorption using response surface methodology [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 42(2): 399-405.
[12]	Jingying Xu, Yue Lyu, Jiankun Zhuo, Yishu Xu, Zijian Zhou, Qiang Yao. Formation and emission characteristics of VOCs from a coal-fired power plant [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 35(7): 256-264.
[13]	Xinlong Yan, Yanfang Li, Xiaoyan Hu, Rui Feng, Min Zhou, Dezhi Han. Enhanced adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by carbonized trace ZIF-8-decorated activated carbon pellets [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 33(5): 279-285.
[14]	Jiahao Cui, Shejiang Liu, Hua Xue, Xianqin Wang, Ziquan Hao, Rui Liu, Wei Shang, Dan Zhao, Hui Ding. Catalytic ozonation of volatile organic compounds (ethyl acetate) at normal temperature [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 32(4): 159-167.
[15]	Bo Lu, Yuanhui Shen, Zhongli Tang, Donghui Zhang, Gaofei Chen. Vacuum pressure swing adsorption process for coalbed methane enrichment [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 32(4): 264-280.