Integrating electrochemical and thermal models for improved lithium-ion battery energy storage system heat dissipation

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2025.02.033

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 85 ›› Issue (9): 393-407.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2025.02.033

Integrating electrochemical and thermal models for improved lithium-ion battery energy storage system heat dissipation

Wenqi Yang¹, Yiting Lin³, Jianglong Du², Cheng Lian^1,2, Honglai Liu^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Caron Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
3. School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

Received:2024-06-01 Revised:2024-12-29 Accepted:2025-02-19 Online:2025-05-03 Published:2025-09-28
Contact: Yiting Lin,E-mail:Y12212007@mail.ecust.edu.cn;Cheng Lian,E-mail:liancheng@ecust.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1503501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22278127, 22378112), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022ZFJH004) and 21C Innovation Laboratory, Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd by project No. 21C-368 OP-202312, Shanghai Pilot Proaram for Basic Research (22T01400100-18).

Integrating electrochemical and thermal models for improved lithium-ion battery energy storage system heat dissipation

Wenqi Yang¹, Yiting Lin³, Jianglong Du², Cheng Lian^1,2, Honglai Liu^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Caron Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
3. School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

通讯作者: Yiting Lin,E-mail:Y12212007@mail.ecust.edu.cn;Cheng Lian,E-mail:liancheng@ecust.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1503501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22278127, 22378112), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022ZFJH004) and 21C Innovation Laboratory, Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd by project No. 21C-368 OP-202312, Shanghai Pilot Proaram for Basic Research (22T01400100-18).

Abstract

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electrochemical battery energy storage systems (BESS) because of their high energy density, lack of memory effects, low self-discharge rate, and long cycle life. However, inadequate heat dissipation during their discharge process can significantly degrade battery performance. The improvement of BESS efficiency depends on the optimization of thermal management structures. In this work, we integrate the pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) electrochemical model with a three-dimensional thermal model to analyze the heat generation and transfer processes within the BESS. The simulation results are closely aligned with the experimental results in terms of voltage and temperature rise curves. Under air cooling conditions of 293.15 K and 3 m·s^-1, the BESS has a maximum temperature of 308.60 K and a temperature difference of 9.22 K, ensuring safe operation. At 1 C, we suggest that enlarging the inlet and outlet areas improves the air-cooling efficiency, and transitioning environmental air-cooling temperatures after 2400 s of discharge effectively reduces the temperature difference and the energy consumption of the cooling equipment. This work provides valuable theoretical insights for optimizing the thermal design of BESS.

Key words: Battery energy storage system, Thermal safety, Air-cooling, Electrochemical-thermal coupling model, Lithium-ion battery

摘要： Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electrochemical battery energy storage systems (BESS) because of their high energy density, lack of memory effects, low self-discharge rate, and long cycle life. However, inadequate heat dissipation during their discharge process can significantly degrade battery performance. The improvement of BESS efficiency depends on the optimization of thermal management structures. In this work, we integrate the pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) electrochemical model with a three-dimensional thermal model to analyze the heat generation and transfer processes within the BESS. The simulation results are closely aligned with the experimental results in terms of voltage and temperature rise curves. Under air cooling conditions of 293.15 K and 3 m·s^-1, the BESS has a maximum temperature of 308.60 K and a temperature difference of 9.22 K, ensuring safe operation. At 1 C, we suggest that enlarging the inlet and outlet areas improves the air-cooling efficiency, and transitioning environmental air-cooling temperatures after 2400 s of discharge effectively reduces the temperature difference and the energy consumption of the cooling equipment. This work provides valuable theoretical insights for optimizing the thermal design of BESS.

关键词: Battery energy storage system, Thermal safety, Air-cooling, Electrochemical-thermal coupling model, Lithium-ion battery

Wenqi Yang, Yiting Lin, Jianglong Du, Cheng Lian, Honglai Liu. Integrating electrochemical and thermal models for improved lithium-ion battery energy storage system heat dissipation[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 85(9): 393-407.

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Integrating electrochemical and thermal models for improved lithium-ion battery energy storage system heat dissipation

Integrating electrochemical and thermal models for improved lithium-ion battery energy storage system heat dissipation

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