Dual biomass-derived CQDs/Ag co-catalysts synergistically assisted Cu2O for efficient tetracycline hydrochloride photocatalytic degradation: Performance and mechanism insights

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2025.06.029

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 88 ›› Issue (12): 85-95.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2025.06.029

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Dual biomass-derived CQDs/Ag co-catalysts synergistically assisted Cu₂O for efficient tetracycline hydrochloride photocatalytic degradation: Performance and mechanism insights

You Wu¹, Yuqi Li², Hai Guo¹, Qi Yang², Ming Yan², Xiaoming Li²

1. School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Intelligent Energy, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China;
2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

Received:2025-04-22 Revised:2025-06-26 Accepted:2025-06-26 Online:2025-08-21 Published:2026-02-09
Contact: You Wu,E-mail:wuyou@hutb.edu.cn;Xiaoming Li,E-mail:xmli121x@hotmail.com-782
Supported by:
This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2023JJ40233), Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department (24B0555,24A0448).

Dual biomass-derived CQDs/Ag co-catalysts synergistically assisted Cu₂O for efficient tetracycline hydrochloride photocatalytic degradation: Performance and mechanism insights

You Wu¹, Yuqi Li², Hai Guo¹, Qi Yang², Ming Yan², Xiaoming Li²

1. School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Intelligent Energy, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China;
2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

通讯作者: You Wu,E-mail:wuyou@hutb.edu.cn;Xiaoming Li,E-mail:xmli121x@hotmail.com-782
基金资助:
This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2023JJ40233), Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department (24B0555,24A0448).

Abstract

Abstract: To synchronously achieve the rational use of biomass resources and the design of highly efficient Cu₂O-based photocatalysts, the Ag/CQDs/Cu₂O was synthesized by hydrothermal process, where the CQDs were derived from waste biomass. The TC-HCl degradation efficiency could reach 95.08% with a 0.2 g·L^-1 dosage of Ag/CQDs/Cu₂O, much higher than that of pristine Cu₂O (48.60%) and Ag/Cu₂O (66.97%). Mechanism exploration revealed the key roles of Ag NPs and CQDs in complex photocatalysts where multiple synergistic pathways greatly enhanced the generation and separation of photocarriers. The convert-light via CQDs matched for Cu₂O could induce more photocarrier generation. Meanwhile, the Schottky barriers between Cu₂O and Ag NPs and the electron reservoir properties of CQDs accelerated the separation of electron-hole pairs. The effects of catalyst dosage, various concentrations of TC-HCl, coexisting anions and humic acid and pH value have been studied as well. Tapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) identified that the ·O₂^- and ·OH were the main active species during photodegradation process. Additionally, the underlying degradation process of TC-HCl in Ag/CQDs/Cu₂O photocatalytic system was revealed by theoretical calculation and HPLC-MS. This work will provide a new perspective for future material design and research on enhancing heterologous catalysis oxidation process.

Key words: Photocatalytic degradation, Resourcelization, Schottky junction, Photoluminescence, Organic pollutants

摘要： To synchronously achieve the rational use of biomass resources and the design of highly efficient Cu₂O-based photocatalysts, the Ag/CQDs/Cu₂O was synthesized by hydrothermal process, where the CQDs were derived from waste biomass. The TC-HCl degradation efficiency could reach 95.08% with a 0.2 g·L^-1 dosage of Ag/CQDs/Cu₂O, much higher than that of pristine Cu₂O (48.60%) and Ag/Cu₂O (66.97%). Mechanism exploration revealed the key roles of Ag NPs and CQDs in complex photocatalysts where multiple synergistic pathways greatly enhanced the generation and separation of photocarriers. The convert-light via CQDs matched for Cu₂O could induce more photocarrier generation. Meanwhile, the Schottky barriers between Cu₂O and Ag NPs and the electron reservoir properties of CQDs accelerated the separation of electron-hole pairs. The effects of catalyst dosage, various concentrations of TC-HCl, coexisting anions and humic acid and pH value have been studied as well. Tapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) identified that the ·O₂^- and ·OH were the main active species during photodegradation process. Additionally, the underlying degradation process of TC-HCl in Ag/CQDs/Cu₂O photocatalytic system was revealed by theoretical calculation and HPLC-MS. This work will provide a new perspective for future material design and research on enhancing heterologous catalysis oxidation process.

关键词: Photocatalytic degradation, Resourcelization, Schottky junction, Photoluminescence, Organic pollutants

You Wu, Yuqi Li, Hai Guo, Qi Yang, Ming Yan, Xiaoming Li. Dual biomass-derived CQDs/Ag co-catalysts synergistically assisted Cu₂O for efficient tetracycline hydrochloride photocatalytic degradation: Performance and mechanism insights[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 88(12): 85-95.

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Dual biomass-derived CQDs/Ag co-catalysts synergistically assisted Cu₂O for efficient tetracycline hydrochloride photocatalytic degradation: Performance and mechanism insights

Dual biomass-derived CQDs/Ag co-catalysts synergistically assisted Cu₂O for efficient tetracycline hydrochloride photocatalytic degradation: Performance and mechanism insights

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