Enhanced electrochemical nitrate removal from groundwater by simply calcined Ti nanopores with modified surface characters

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2024.07.017

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2024, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (11): 74-85.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2024.07.017

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Enhanced electrochemical nitrate removal from groundwater by simply calcined Ti nanopores with modified surface characters

Yuan Meng¹, Wanli Tan¹, Shuang Lv², Fang Liu^3,4, Jindun Xu³, Xuejiao Ma⁵, Jia Huang⁵

1. China First Highway Xiamen Engineering Co. Ltd, Xiamen 361000, China;
2. School of Art and Architecture, Xiamen Xingcai Vocational & Technical College, Xiamen 361000, China;
3. Institute of Transportation, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010040, China;
4. School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia;
5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China

Received:2024-03-23 Revised:2024-06-20 Accepted:2024-07-18 Online:2024-08-28 Published:2024-11-28
Contact: Fang Liu,E-mail:liufang@imu.edu.cn;Xuejiao Ma,E-mail:xj_m1213@163.com
Supported by:
This research was supported by the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation (2024MS02012), the College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (2024J00131), and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Education Science Research “14th Five-Year Plan” Project (NGJGH2022411).

Enhanced electrochemical nitrate removal from groundwater by simply calcined Ti nanopores with modified surface characters

Yuan Meng¹, Wanli Tan¹, Shuang Lv², Fang Liu^3,4, Jindun Xu³, Xuejiao Ma⁵, Jia Huang⁵

1. China First Highway Xiamen Engineering Co. Ltd, Xiamen 361000, China;
2. School of Art and Architecture, Xiamen Xingcai Vocational & Technical College, Xiamen 361000, China;
3. Institute of Transportation, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010040, China;
4. School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia;
5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China

通讯作者: Fang Liu,E-mail:liufang@imu.edu.cn;Xuejiao Ma,E-mail:xj_m1213@163.com
基金资助:
This research was supported by the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation (2024MS02012), the College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (2024J00131), and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Education Science Research “14th Five-Year Plan” Project (NGJGH2022411).

Abstract

Abstract: A simple and convenient preparation method with high catalytic reduction activity is crucial for the remediation of nitrate contamination. In this study, the innovation for fabricating a nanoelectrode was developed by calcinating the anodized plate to alter the surface crystalline phase of the material. The prepared calcined Ti nanopores (TNPs) electrode could effectively remove up to 95.1% nitrate from simulated groundwater at 30 mA·cm^-2 electrolysis for 90 min, while under the same conditions, the removal efficiency of nanoelectrode prepared by conventional methods was merely 52.5%. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the calcined TNP nanoelectrode was porous with different pore sizes. The higher nitrate removal efficiency of TNPs-500 (95.1%) than TNPs-400 (77.5%) and TNPs-550 (93.4%) may resulted from the positive nonlinear response of the larger electrochemical active surface area, the improved electron transfer and suitable surface structure, and not the “anatase-to-rutile” of surface TiO₂ nanotubes. After 90 min of electrolysis, using RuO₂ as an anode and adding 0.3 g·L^-¹ NaCl solution, 87.5% nitrate was removed, and the by-products (ammonia and nitrite) were negligible. Increased temperature and alkaline conditions can enhance the nitrate removal, while higher initial nitrate concentration only improved the nitrate removal slightly. Moreover, The TNPs-500 electrode also exhibited excellent nitrate removal performance in real groundwater with the efficiency at 82.9% and 92.1% after 90 and 120 min, which were 0.87 (removal efficiency = 95.1%), 0.92 (removal efficiency = 100%) of the efficiency for simulated groundwater, indicating the widely applicable conditions of the TNPs-500 electrode. This approach of surface-bonded elements and structure modification through calcination significantly improves catalytic activity and will guide the simple designing of functional nanostructured electrodes with wide application conditions.

Key words: Nitrate reduction, Electrochemistry, Calcination, Groundwater, Nanomaterials, Environment

摘要： A simple and convenient preparation method with high catalytic reduction activity is crucial for the remediation of nitrate contamination. In this study, the innovation for fabricating a nanoelectrode was developed by calcinating the anodized plate to alter the surface crystalline phase of the material. The prepared calcined Ti nanopores (TNPs) electrode could effectively remove up to 95.1% nitrate from simulated groundwater at 30 mA·cm^-2 electrolysis for 90 min, while under the same conditions, the removal efficiency of nanoelectrode prepared by conventional methods was merely 52.5%. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the calcined TNP nanoelectrode was porous with different pore sizes. The higher nitrate removal efficiency of TNPs-500 (95.1%) than TNPs-400 (77.5%) and TNPs-550 (93.4%) may resulted from the positive nonlinear response of the larger electrochemical active surface area, the improved electron transfer and suitable surface structure, and not the “anatase-to-rutile” of surface TiO₂ nanotubes. After 90 min of electrolysis, using RuO₂ as an anode and adding 0.3 g·L^-¹ NaCl solution, 87.5% nitrate was removed, and the by-products (ammonia and nitrite) were negligible. Increased temperature and alkaline conditions can enhance the nitrate removal, while higher initial nitrate concentration only improved the nitrate removal slightly. Moreover, The TNPs-500 electrode also exhibited excellent nitrate removal performance in real groundwater with the efficiency at 82.9% and 92.1% after 90 and 120 min, which were 0.87 (removal efficiency = 95.1%), 0.92 (removal efficiency = 100%) of the efficiency for simulated groundwater, indicating the widely applicable conditions of the TNPs-500 electrode. This approach of surface-bonded elements and structure modification through calcination significantly improves catalytic activity and will guide the simple designing of functional nanostructured electrodes with wide application conditions.

关键词: Nitrate reduction, Electrochemistry, Calcination, Groundwater, Nanomaterials, Environment

Yuan Meng, Wanli Tan, Shuang Lv, Fang Liu, Jindun Xu, Xuejiao Ma, Jia Huang. Enhanced electrochemical nitrate removal from groundwater by simply calcined Ti nanopores with modified surface characters[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2024, 75(11): 74-85.

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Enhanced electrochemical nitrate removal from groundwater by simply calcined Ti nanopores with modified surface characters

Enhanced electrochemical nitrate removal from groundwater by simply calcined Ti nanopores with modified surface characters

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