Rapid velocity reduction and drift potential assessment of off-nozzle pesticide droplets

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2021.06.011

Abstract

Abstract: The droplet velocity and diameter significantly affect both the spatial drift loss and the interfacial deposition behaviors, thus determining the ultimate utilization efficiency during pesticide spraying. Investigating the spatial velocity and diameter evolutions can reveal the mechanism of drift loss and guide to design regulation strategy. Here, we explored the spatial velocity distribution of droplets after leaving the nozzle by particle image velocimetry technology and particle tracking model, considering that the effect of nozzle configuration and the air velocity. It shows that all droplets decelerate rapidly with the velocity attenuation ratio ranging from 50% to 80% within the region of 200 mm below the nozzle. The spatial velocity evolution differences between droplets in crossflow are determined by the competition of vertical drag force and net gravity, and the drag force sharply increases as the droplet diameter decreases, especially for that smaller than 150 μm. Based on the spatial evolution differences of the droplet velocity and diameter, a functional adjuvant was added to the liquid for improving the diameter distribution. And the drift loss was significantly reduced due to the reduction of the proportion of easily drifting droplets.

Key words: Spray droplets, Particle image velocimetry (PIV), Particle size distribution, Multiphase flow, Pesticide drift

摘要： The droplet velocity and diameter significantly affect both the spatial drift loss and the interfacial deposition behaviors, thus determining the ultimate utilization efficiency during pesticide spraying. Investigating the spatial velocity and diameter evolutions can reveal the mechanism of drift loss and guide to design regulation strategy. Here, we explored the spatial velocity distribution of droplets after leaving the nozzle by particle image velocimetry technology and particle tracking model, considering that the effect of nozzle configuration and the air velocity. It shows that all droplets decelerate rapidly with the velocity attenuation ratio ranging from 50% to 80% within the region of 200 mm below the nozzle. The spatial velocity evolution differences between droplets in crossflow are determined by the competition of vertical drag force and net gravity, and the drag force sharply increases as the droplet diameter decreases, especially for that smaller than 150 μm. Based on the spatial evolution differences of the droplet velocity and diameter, a functional adjuvant was added to the liquid for improving the diameter distribution. And the drift loss was significantly reduced due to the reduction of the proportion of easily drifting droplets.

关键词: Spray droplets, Particle image velocimetry (PIV), Particle size distribution, Multiphase flow, Pesticide drift

Shidong Xue, Jingkun Han, Xi Xi, Junyi Zhao, Zhong Lan, Rongfu Wen, Xuehu Ma. Rapid velocity reduction and drift potential assessment of off-nozzle pesticide droplets[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 46(6): 243-254.

Shidong Xue, Jingkun Han, Xi Xi, Junyi Zhao, Zhong Lan, Rongfu Wen, Xuehu Ma. Rapid velocity reduction and drift potential assessment of off-nozzle pesticide droplets[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 46(6): 243-254.

References

[1] L. Zhang, S.C. Kong, Modeling of multi-component fuel vaporization and combustion for gasoline and diesel spray, Chem. Eng. Sci. 64(16) (2009) 3688-3696
[2] S.M.A. Najafi, P. Mikaniki, H. Ghassemi, Microscopic and macroscopic atomization characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer, injecting a viscous fuel oil, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 28(1) (2020) 9-22
[3] S.M. Gateman, K. Page, I. Halimi, A.R.C. Nascimento, S. Savoie, R. Schulz, C. Moreau, I.P. Parkin, J. Mauzeroll, Corrosion of one-step superhydrophobic stainless-steel thermal spray coatings, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(1) (2020) 1523-1532
[4] Y.Y. Zhu, Y. Guo, C.Y. Wang, Z.J. Qiao, M.M. Chen, Fabrication of conductive carbonaceous spherical architecture from pitch by spray drying, Chem. Eng. Sci. 135 (2015) 109-116
[5] Y.X. Shi, C. Li, L.M. Shen, N.Z. Bao, Structure-dependent re-dispersibility of graphene oxide powders prepared by fast spray drying, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 32 (2021) 485-492
[6] S.A. Nahiyoon, L. Cui, D.B. Yang, X.J. Yan, C.H. Rui, H.Z. Yuan, Biocidal radiuses of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin droplets controlling against cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) using an unmanned aerial vehicle, Pest Manag. Sci. 76(9) (2020) 3020-3029
[7] A. Agarwal, M.F. Trujillo, The effect of nozzle internal flow on spray atomization, Int. J. Engine Res. 21(1) (2020) 55-72
[8] A. Kumar, S. Sahu, Influence of nozzle geometry on primary and large-scale instabilities in coaxial injectors, Chem. Eng. Sci. 221 (2020) 115694
[9] X.Y. Li, J.J. Du, L.C. Wang, J.L. Fan, X.J. Peng, Effects of different nozzle materials on atomization results via CFD simulation, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 28(2) (2020) 362-368
[10] S.M.A. Najafi, P. Mikaniki, H. Ghassemi, Numerical simulation of heavy fuel oil atomization using a pulsed pressure-swirl injector, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 32 (2021) 61-69
[11] M. Al Heidary, J.P. Douzals, C. Sinfort, A. Vallet, Influence of spray characteristics on potential spray drift of field crop sprayers:A literature review, Crop. Prot. 63 (2014) 120-130
[12] W.N. Wang, A. Purwanto, I.W. Lenggoro, K. Okuyama, H. Chang, H.D. Jang, Investigation on the correlations between droplet and particle size distribution in ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47(5) (2008) 1650-1659
[13] K. Wongwailikhit, N. Dietrich, G. Hébrard, P. Painmanakul, Performance of a monofiber optical probe in determining the droplet size and velocity in spray systems compared with a high-speed camera, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58(51) (2019) 23366-23379
[14] A PDPA laser-based measuring set-up for the characterisation of spray nozzles
[15] ISO, ASAE-S572 Spray tip classification by droplet size, 2009.
[16] E. Hilz, A.W.P. Vermeer, Spray drift review:The extent to which a formulation can contribute to spray drift reduction, Crop. Prot. 44 (2013) 75-83
[17] S. Wang, G.J. Dorr, M. Khashehchi, X.K. He, Performance of selected agricultural spray nozzles using particle image velocimetry, J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 17(3) (2015) 601-613
[18] G.J. Dorr, A.J. Hewitt, S.W. Adkins, J. Hanan, H.C. Zhang, B. Noller, A comparison of initial spray characteristics produced by agricultural nozzles, Crop. Prot. 53 (2013) 109-117
[19] H.Y. Zhao, C. Xie, F.M. Liu, X.K. He, J. Zhang, J.L. Song, Effects of sprayers and nozzles on spray drift and terminal residues of imidacloprid on wheat, Crop. Prot. 60 (2014) 78-82
[20] J.C. Ferguson, C.C. O'Donnell, B.S. Chauhan, S.W. Adkins, G.R. Kruger, R.B. Wang, P.H. Urach Ferreira, A.J. Hewitt, Determining the uniformity and consistency of droplet size across spray drift reducing nozzles in a wind tunnel, Crop. Prot. 76 (2015) 1-6
[21] I. Gaytan, B. Nicolas, F. Gouriou, J.P. Leru, J. Mallarach, Effect of working pressure, fluid temperature, nozzle type and nozzle orifice size, on spray characteristics using viscous feed additive DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic-acid, Powder Technol. 336 (2018) 383-392
[22] D. Nuyttens, W.A. Taylor, M. De Schampheleire, P. Verboven, D. Dekeyser, Influence of nozzle type and size on drift potential by means of different wind tunnel evaluation methods, Biosyst. Eng. 103(3) (2009) 271-280
[23] R.B.Wang, G. Dorr, A. Hewitt, J. Cooper-White, Impacts of polymer/surfactant interactions on spray drift, Colloids Surface A:Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 500 (2016) 88-97
[24] P.C. Chen, Y.B Lan, X.Y. Huang, H.X. Qi, G.B. Wang, J. Wang, L.L. Wang, H.X. Xiao, Droplet deposition and control of planthoppers of different nozzles in two-stage rice with a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle, Agronomy 10(2) (2020) 303
[25] Y. Lan, W. C. Hoffmann, B. K. Fritz, D. E. Martin, J. D. Lopez, Jr, Spray drift mitigation with spray mix adjuvants, Appl. Eng. Agric. 24(1) (2008) 5-10
[26] S.H. Park, H.J. Kim, H.K. Suh, C.S. Lee, Experimental and numerical analysis of spray-atomization characteristics of biodiesel fuel in various fuel and ambient temperatures conditions, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30(5) (2009) 960-970
[27] B.-H. Bang, Y.-I. Kim, C.-S. Ahn, S. Jeong, Y. Yoon, S. An, S.S. Yoon, A.L. Yarin, Theoretical model of swirling thick film flow inside converging nozzles of various geometries, Fuel 280 (2020) 11825
[28] M.M. Sidahmed, R.B. Brown, M. Darvishvand, Drop-size/velocity correlations at formation of sprays from fan nozzles, Trans. ASAE 42(6) (1999) 1557-1564
[29] P.C.H. Miller, C.R. Tuck, S. Murphy, M. Ferreira, Measurements of the droplet velocities in sprays produced by different designs of agricultural spray nozzle, 22nd ILASS-Europe, Italy, 2008.
[30] Effect of nozzle type, size and pressure on spray droplet characteristics
[31] Effect of adhesion force on the height pesticide droplets bounce on impaction with cabbage leaf surfaces
[32] J. Xiao, F. Pan, H. Xia, S. Zou, H. Zhang, O.A. George, F. Zhou, Y. Huang, Computational study of single droplet deposition on randomly rough surfaces:Surface morphological effect on droplet impact dynamics, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57(22) (2018) 7664-7675
[33] Y. Li, Y. Zheng, Y.S. Chen, Z. Lan, X.H. Ma, The exact regulation of temperature evolutions for droplet impact on ultrathin cold films at superhydrophilic surface, Chem. Eng. Sci. 193 (2019) 205-216
[34] X.D. Wang, X.F. Peng, Y.Y. Duan, B.X. Wang, Dynamics of spreading of liquid on solid surface, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 15(5) (2007) 730-737
[35] L.W. Qin, J.Y. Hua, X.B. Zhao, Y. Zhu, D. Li, Z.G. Liu, Micro-PIV and numerical study on influence of vortex on flow and heat transfer performance in micro arrays, Appl. Therm. Eng. 161 (2019) 114186
[36] J.H. Lu, X. Liu, C.L. Hu, Z.M. Li, H.T. Zheng, S.Y. Li, Experimental study on flashing spray characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle with ethanol solution, Exp. Therm Fluid Sci. 112 (2020) 110015
[37] L.C. He, W.M. Yang, C.F. Guan, H. Yan, L. Zheng, X.H. Zuo, Experimental investigation on flow characteristics in circular tube inserted with rotor-assembled strand using PIV, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 27(1) (2019) 1-9
[38] S. Gao, G. Wang, Y. Zhou, M. Wang, D. Yang, H. Yuan, X. Yan, Water-soluble food dye of Allura Red as a tracer to determine the spray deposition of pesticide on target crops, Pest Manag. Sci. 75(10) (2019) 2592-2597
[39] S.A. Morsi, A.J. Alexander, An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems, J. Fluid Mech. 55(2) (1972) 193-208
[40] A.H. Lefebvre, V.G. Mcdonell, Atomization and Sprays, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2017.
[41] S. Lee, G. Kim, C. Bae, Behavior of hydrogen hollow-cone spray depending on the ambient pressure, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 46(5) (2021) 4538-4554
[42] K. Baetens, Q.T. Ho, D. Nuyttens, M. De Schampheleire, A. Melese Endalew, M.L.A.T.M. Hertog, B. Nicolaï, H. Ramon, P. Verboven, A validated 2-D diffusion-advection model for prediction of drift from ground boom sprayers, Atmos. Environ. 43(9) (2009) 1674-1682