Modulating titanium dioxide electron transport layer by self-doping for high-efficiency carbon-based perovskite solar cells

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2025.03.022

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 85 ›› Issue (9): 348-354.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2025.03.022

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Modulating titanium dioxide electron transport layer by self-doping for high-efficiency carbon-based perovskite solar cells

Xin Peng, Rong Huang, Wenran Wang, Jianxin Zhang, Zhenxiao Pan, Yueping Fang, Huashang Rao, Xinhua Zhong, Guizhi Zhang

Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

Received:2024-12-09 Revised:2025-02-22 Accepted:2025-03-05 Online:2025-07-01 Published:2025-09-28
Contact: Wenran Wang,E-mail:wwrwangwenran@scau.edu.cn;Xinhua Zhong,E-mail:zhongxh@scau.edu.cn;Guizhi Zhang,E-mail:guizhi_zhang@scau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( U21A20310, 22278164, 22122805, and 22308112), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2023A1515110634), the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (2023A04J0665), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M741214).

Modulating titanium dioxide electron transport layer by self-doping for high-efficiency carbon-based perovskite solar cells

Xin Peng, Rong Huang, Wenran Wang, Jianxin Zhang, Zhenxiao Pan, Yueping Fang, Huashang Rao, Xinhua Zhong, Guizhi Zhang

Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

通讯作者: Wenran Wang,E-mail:wwrwangwenran@scau.edu.cn;Xinhua Zhong,E-mail:zhongxh@scau.edu.cn;Guizhi Zhang,E-mail:guizhi_zhang@scau.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( U21A20310, 22278164, 22122805, and 22308112), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2023A1515110634), the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (2023A04J0665), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M741214).

Abstract

Abstract: In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), it is important to construct electron transport layer (ETL) with ideal surface morphology and advantageous electron transport dynamics. In this work, a functional TiO₂ ETL is designed and constructed based on a novel Ti³⁺ self-doping strategy. Experimental results indicate that Ti³⁺ dopant can optimize TiO₂ film crystallization process by facilitating the assembly of precursor particles, reducing the content of pore-forming reagent, and enhancing the adhesion of precursors to glass substrate in film formation process. Therefore, the modified surface morphology inhibits the formation of undesired hole structure. Besides, self-doping moderately generates oxygen vacancies on TiO₂ surface and a shallower TiO₂ Fermi energy level. These not only result in a stronger interfacial electronic coupling, but also establish an advantageous energy band alignment. These merits optimize interfacial electron transfer dynamics by inhibiting recombination loss and facilitating electron extraction. Benefiting from the optimized TiO₂ ETL, hole transport layer (HTL)-free carbon electrode based CsPbI₃ PSCs deliver a high efficiency of 18.62%, representing one of the highest levels in this field.

Key words: Perovskite, Solar cell, CsPbI₃, Carbon electrode, Electron transport layer

摘要： In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), it is important to construct electron transport layer (ETL) with ideal surface morphology and advantageous electron transport dynamics. In this work, a functional TiO₂ ETL is designed and constructed based on a novel Ti³⁺ self-doping strategy. Experimental results indicate that Ti³⁺ dopant can optimize TiO₂ film crystallization process by facilitating the assembly of precursor particles, reducing the content of pore-forming reagent, and enhancing the adhesion of precursors to glass substrate in film formation process. Therefore, the modified surface morphology inhibits the formation of undesired hole structure. Besides, self-doping moderately generates oxygen vacancies on TiO₂ surface and a shallower TiO₂ Fermi energy level. These not only result in a stronger interfacial electronic coupling, but also establish an advantageous energy band alignment. These merits optimize interfacial electron transfer dynamics by inhibiting recombination loss and facilitating electron extraction. Benefiting from the optimized TiO₂ ETL, hole transport layer (HTL)-free carbon electrode based CsPbI₃ PSCs deliver a high efficiency of 18.62%, representing one of the highest levels in this field.

关键词: Perovskite, Solar cell, CsPbI₃, Carbon electrode, Electron transport layer

Xin Peng, Rong Huang, Wenran Wang, Jianxin Zhang, Zhenxiao Pan, Yueping Fang, Huashang Rao, Xinhua Zhong, Guizhi Zhang. Modulating titanium dioxide electron transport layer by self-doping for high-efficiency carbon-based perovskite solar cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 85(9): 348-354.

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Modulating titanium dioxide electron transport layer by self-doping for high-efficiency carbon-based perovskite solar cells

Modulating titanium dioxide electron transport layer by self-doping for high-efficiency carbon-based perovskite solar cells

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