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SCI和EI收录∣中国化工学会会刊
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Table of Content
28 September 2001, Volume 9 Issue 3
    REVIEWS
    Advances in Chemical Engineering A Review of Petrochemical Industry in China
    HONG Dingyi
    2001, 9(3):  229-234.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2526KB) ( )  
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    Chemical engineering has played an important role in the development of petrochemical
    industry. Some important advances in chemical engineering have been discussed in detail, i.
    e. petroleum refining, organic chemicals,synthetic resin, synthetic fibers and relevant raw
    materials, synthetic rubber, and process energy integration. The main business targets of
    China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC Corp.) and the focus of further researches
    axe also addressed.
    RESEARCH PAPERS
    Boiling Heat Transfer in Circulating Fluidized Beds
    ZHANG Libin, LI Xiulun
    2001, 9(3):  235-241.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2053KB) ( )  
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    A model is proposed to predict boiling heat transfer coefficient in a three-phase
    circulating fluidized bed (CFB), which is a new type of evaporation boiling means for
    enhancing heat transfer and preventing fouling. To verify the model, experiments are
    conducted in a stainless steel column with 39 mm ID and 2.0 m height, in which the heat
    transfer coefficient is measured for different superficial velocities, steam pressures,
    particle concentrations and materials of particle. As the steam pressure and particle
    concentrations increase, the heat transfer coefficient in the bed increases. The heat
    transfer coefficient increases with the liquid velocity but it exhibits a local minimum.The
    heat transfer coefficient is correlated with cluster renewed model and two-mechanism
    method. The prediction of the model is in good agreement with experimental data.
    Synthesis of Heat Exchanger Network Considering Multipass Exchangers
    LI Shaojun, YAO Pingjing
    2001, 9(3):  242-246.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1550KB) ( )  
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    Many methods have been proposed for synthesis of heat exchanger networks in recent years,
    most of which consider single pass exchangers. In this study some evolutionary rules have
    been proposed for synthesis of multipass exchanger networks. The method is based on the
    heuristic that optimal networks should feature maximum energy recovery and have the minimum
    number of shells. The effectiveness of the developed evolutionary rules is demonstrated
    through some literature examples.
    Heat Transfer Enhancement by Fluidized Solid Particles in Gas Carrying Evaporation
    YU Zhijia, SUN Chengxin, SUN Xiangyu
    2001, 9(3):  247-252.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1725KB) ( )  
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    Heat transfer characteristics are studied for gas carrying evaporation with fluidized solid
    particles in a vertical rectangular conduit. Experimental results show that heat transfer
    of gas carrying evaporation is enhanced and the superheat of liquid in contact with heating
    surface lowers remarkably by introducing solid particles. Nucleate boiling on the heating
    surface is suppressed to a considerable degree. The mechanism of heat transfer enhancement
    by fluidized solid particles is analyzed with the consideration of collisions of solid
    particles with the boiling vapor bubbles.
    Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in a Slurry Bubble Column Reactor under High Temperature and
    High Pressure, WANG Jinfu, YANG Weiguo, JIN Yong
    2001, 9(3):  253-257.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1470KB) ( )  
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    The gas-liquid mass transfer of H2 and CO in a high temperature and high-pressure three-
    phase slurry bubble column reactor is studied. The gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer
    coefficients κLα are obtained by measuring the dissolution rate of H2 and CO. The
    influences of the main operation conditions, such as temperature, pressure, superficial gas
    velocity and solid concentration, are studied systematically. Two empirical correlations
    are proposed to predict κLα values for H2 and CO in liquid paraffin/solid particles
    slurry bubble column reactors.
    Microparticle Formation and Crystallization Rate of HMX with Supercritical CO2 Antisolvent
    Recrystallization
    CAI Jianguo, ZHOU Zhanyun, DENG Xiu
    2001, 9(3):  258-261.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1395KB) ( )  
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    Microparticle formation and crystallization rate of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-
    tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) in acetone solution using supercritical carbon dioxide
    antisolvent (GAS) recrystallization were studied. Scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray
    diffraction and infrared radiation were used to examine particle size, crystallinity and
    chemical structure. The results show that β-HMX microparticle in different average size
    (2-9.5μm) and with narrow size distribution were obtained by controlling the
    expansibility, expansion speed, initial concentration and temperature during
    recrystallization of HMX. The formation of nuclei may be a main cause of consumption of
    solute when the solution is expanded rapidly enough and the equilibrium concentration is
    lower, in which almost monodisperse microparticle can be obtained.
    Process Modeling for Batch Cooling Crystallization
    CHEN Huiping, WANG Jingkang
    2001, 9(3):  262-266.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1334KB) ( )  
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    The general mathematical model for batch cooling crystallization was established based on
    the popula tion balance equation considering the change of slurry volume, and simulated
    with crystallization thermodynamics, kinetics and mass balance employing bed voidage. In
    the system of vitamin C-water-ethanol, reliability of this model was verified by comparison
    between simulation results and experimental data. The effects of operation parameters on
    product quality can be systematically investigated by modeling simulation.
    Waste Minimization Through Process Integration and Multi-objective Optimization
    GAO Ying SHI Lei YAO Pingjing
    2001, 9(3):  267-272.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1808KB) ( )  
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    By avoiding or reducing the production of waste, waste minimization is an effective
    approach to solve the pollution problem in chemical industry. Process integration supported
    by multi-objective optimization provides a framework for process design or process retrofit
    by simultaneously optimizing on the aspects of environment and economics. Multi-objective
    genetic algorithm is applied in this area as the solution approach for the multi-objective
    optimization problem.
    The IMC Structure of Multi-rate Multivariable Predictive Control Systems and An Improved
    Algorithm
    ZHOU Lifang, QIAN Jixin
    2001, 9(3):  273-279.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1728KB) ( )  
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    Multirate multivariable predictive control system with the sampling mechanism that adjusts
    the plant inputs only once but detects the plant outputs several times during a period is
    examined. The IMC structure of the system is derived, and its robust stability and zero
    steady state error characteristics are analyzed. A new control algorithm is developed by
    adding the variation of the outputs to the index performance. The simulation results show
    that the method is effective and has zeros steady-state error.
    The Performance of ZX Type Scale Inhibitors in Evaporation Process of Salt Electrolyte
    CHEN Zhenxing, HUANG Caijuan
    2001, 9(3):  280-283.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1281KB) ( )  
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    Rapid fouling tests were used to investigate the scale-preventing property of ZX type scale
    inhibitors in evaporation of salt electrolyte. ZX type scale inhibitors were tested at high
    temperature under the boiling conditions. The results indicate that ZX type scale
    inhibitors have remarkable scale preventing performance during evaporation of salt
    electrolyte even at the temperature up to 150℃. Among them, ZX Ⅲ type scale inhibitor is
    the best with the rate of scale-preventing reaching to 88.9%. In addition, the scale
    preventing mechanism of ZX type scale inhibitors was analyzed and its application prospect
    in the field of continuous commercial fouling preventing discussed.
    Investigation on Liquid Holdup in Vertical Zero Net-Liquid Flow
    LIU Lei, Stuart L. Scott
    2001, 9(3):  284-290.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1980KB) ( )  
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    Zero net-liquid flow (ZNLF) is a special case of upward gas-liquid two-phase flow. It is a
    phenomenon observed as a gas-liquid mixture flows in a conduit but the net liquid flow rate
    is zero. Investigation on the liquid holdup of ZNLF is conducted in a vertical ten-meter
    tube with diameter of 76 mm, both for Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids. The gas phase is
    air. The Newtonian fluid is water and the non-Newtonian fluids are water-based guar gel
    solutions. The correlations developed for predicting liquid holdup on the basis of
    Lockhart-Martinelli parameter are not suitable to ZNLF. A constitutive correlation for the
    liquid holdup of vertical ZNLF was put forward by using the mass balance. It is found that
    the liquid holdup in ZNLF is dependent on both the gas flow rate and the flow distribution
    coefficient.
    Hydrodynamics and Lateral Gas Dispersion in a High-Density Circulating Fluidized Bed
    Reactor with Bluff Internals
    YANG Yanhui, JIN Yong, WEI Fei, JIA Xinli
    2001, 9(3):  291-296.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1656KB) ( )  
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    Effect of bluff internals on the hydrodynamics and lateral gas mixing was studied in a
    0.186m ID high-density riser. With the bluff internals, the extremely non-uniform radial
    profiles of solid fraction and particle velocity become flat and the dense downflow layer
    near the wall disappears, indicating the significant enhancement of solid turbulence
    introduced by the internals. The fluctuation velocity and solid fraction transient signal
    analysis indicates a significant increase in fluctuation intensity near the wall region.
    The length influenced by the internals on the flow structure is about 1 meter. The lateral
    gas dispersion coefficient increases significantly as the bluff internals exist in the
    riser.
    Simulation Studies of the Hydrogen Production from Methanol Partial Oxidation Steam
    Reforming by a Tubular Packed-bed Catalytic Reactor
    JIANG Yuanli, LIM Mee Sook, KIM Dong Hyun
    2001, 9(3):  297-305.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2815KB) ( )  
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    Hydrogen production by partial oxidation steam reforming of methanol over a Cu/ZnO/Al2 O3
    cata lyst has been paid more and more attention. The chemical equilibria involved in the
    methanol partial oxidation steam reforming reaction network such as methanol partial
    oxidation, methanol steam reforming, decomposition of methanol and water-gas shift reaction
    have been examined over the ranges of temperature 473-1073 K under normal pressure. Based
    on the detailed kinetics of these reactions over a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, and from the
    basic concept of the effectiveness factor, the intraparticle diffusion limitations were
    taken into account. The effec tiveness factors for each reaction along the bed length were
    calculated. Then important results were offered for the simulation of this reaction
    process.
    Non-Newtionian Effects on Chaotic Mixing Between Eccentric Cylinders
    FAN Yurun, LU Zhumin
    2001, 9(3):  306-309.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1932KB) ( )  
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    Effect of fluid elasticity and shear-thinning viscosity on the chaotic mixing between two
    alternately rotating cylinders has been studied. The h-p finite element method is used to
    obtain high accurate solutions of the steady flow. The unsteady, periodic flow is simulated
    using the piecewise-steady approximation. Characteristics of the chaotic mixing are
    analyzed by examining the asymptotic coverage of a passive tracer and the lineal stretching
    of the fluid elements in the annulus. For the viscoelastic fluids modeled by the upper-
    convected Maxwell constitutive equation (UCM), our computation predicts little effect of
    the fluid elasticity on the mixing patterns. On the other hand, the shear-thinning
    viscosity, modeled by the Carreau equation, has a large impact on the advection of a
    passive tracer and the distribution of lineal stretching. We find that the zones of the
    lowest stretching match remarkably well with the regular zones in the tracer-coverage
    plotting. Our study reveals the vital importance of reducing the discretization errors of
    the velocity field in the numerical simulation of chaotic flows.
    New Synthetic Method of Ciprofloxacin
    CHEN Yingqi, DAI Liyan
    2001, 9(3):  310-313.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1233KB) ( )  
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    A new synthetic method of ciprofloxacin is started with 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone,
    via oxaly lation, ethoxymethylenation, amination, cyclization, hydrolysis, decarbonylation
    and piperazination. The reaction temperature is moderate and the operation is easily
    controlled. Additional four new compounds are prepared by the method.
    RESEARCH NOTES
    Selective Affinity Separation of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase by Reverse Micelles with
    Unbound Triazine Dye
    ZHANG Tianxi, LIU Huizhou, CHEN Jiayong
    2001, 9(3):  314-318.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1062KB) ( )  
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    The reversed micelles were formed with cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as
    surfac tant and n-hexanol as cosolvent in the CTAB (50mmol.L-1)/hexanol (15% by
    volume)/hexane system. Cibacron Blue 3GA (CB) as an affinity ligand in the aqueous phase
    was directly introduced to the reversed micelles with electrostatic interaction between
    anionic CB and cationic surfactant. High molecular weight (Mr) protein, yeast alcohol
    dehydrogenase (YADH, Mr = 141000) from baker’s yeast, has been purified using the affinity
    reversed micelles by the phase transfer method. Various parameters, such as CB
    concentration, pH and ionic strength, on YADH forward and backward transfer were studied.
    YADH can be transferred into and out from the reversed mi celles under mild conditions
    (only by regulation of solution pH and salt concentration) with the successful recovery of
    most YADH activity. Both forward and backward extractions occurred when the aqueous phase
    pH>pI with electrostatic attraction between YADH and CTAB. The recovery of YADH activity
    and purification factor have been improved with addition of a small amount of affinity CB.
    The recovery of YADH activity obtained was ~99% and the purification factor was about 4.0
    -fold after one cycle of full forward and backward extraction. The low ionic strength in
    the initial aqueous phase might be responsible for the YADH transfer into the reversed
    micellar phase.
    The Applicability of the Density Rule of Pathwardhan and Kumer and the Rule Based on Linear
    Isopiestic Relation
    HU Yufeng
    2001, 9(3):  319-321.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1062KB) ( )  
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    The applicability of the density rule of Pathwardhan and Kumer and the rule based on the
    linear isopiestic relation is studied by comparison with experimental density data in the
    literature. Predicted and measured values for 18 electrolyte mixtures are compared. The two
    rules are good for mixtures with and without common ions, including those containing
    associating ions. The deviations of the rule based on the linear isopiestic relation are
    slightly higher for the mixtures involving very strong ion complexes, but the predictions
    are still quite satisfactory. The density rule of Pathwardhan and Kumer is more accurate
    for these mixtures. However, it is not applicable for mixtures containing non-electrolytes.
    The rule based on the linear isopiestic relation is extended to mixtures involving non-
    electrolytes. The predictions for the mixtures containing both electrolytes and non-
    electrolytes and the non-electrolyte mixtures are accurate. All these results indicate that
    this rule is a widely applicable approach.
    High-pressure Phase Equilibria for Binary Ethanol System Containing Supercritical CO2
    ZHU Hugang, TIAN Yiling, CHEN Li, QIN Ying, FENG Jijun
    2001, 9(3):  322-325.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (984KB) ( )  
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    High-pressure phase behavior of supercritical (SC) CO2+ethanol system was investigated at
    333.2 K, 348.2 K, 353.2 K, 368.2 K, 413.2 K and 453.2 K and pressure from 2.0 MPa to 14.3
    MPa. The measurement was carried out in a cylindrical autoclave with a moveable piston and
    a window for adjustment and observation of phase equilibria at given T and p. The samples
    were taken from two coexisting phases and were analyzed to obtain their compositions. It is
    shown that the solubility of SC CO2 in ethanol increases drastically with pressures at the
    given temperature, but the content of ethanol in CO2-rich phase increase faintly.
    Partition Equilibrium Between Charged Membrane and Single Electrolyte Aqueous Solution
    XU Tongwen, YANG Weihua, HE Binglin
    2001, 9(3):  326-330.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1540KB) ( )  
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    Ionic partition equilibrium in charged membrane immersed in solution of single electrolyte
    with mono valence or multi-valence is systematically investigated and several expressions
    are established for determination of partition coefficients. On this basis, the effects of
    the ratio of membrane charge density to bulk electrolyte solution concentration, the charge
    sign and valence of electrolyte ions and the type of membrane on the partition equilibrium
    were analyzed and simulated within chosen parameters. It is revealed that ion partition is
    not related solely with the respective concentrations but also definitely with the
    concentration ratio of fixed group to bulk solution in addition to the charge sign and the
    valence. For a counterion, the partition coefficient increases with this ratio and the
    valence; while for a coion, the partition coefficient decreases with this ratio and the
    valence. The theoretical calculations were compared with the experimental data and a good
    agreement was observed.
    Incipient Condition of Hang-up in a Long Standpipe-Hopper System for Geldart-D Powders
    JING Shan, CAI Guobin, HUANG Sheng, WANG Jinfu, JIN Yong
    2001, 9(3):  331-333.  doi:
    Abstract ( )   PDF (853KB) ( )  
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    The incipient condition of hang-up for three Geldart-D powders has been experimentally
    studied in a 21 m long standpipe hopper system. Experimental results show that the pressure
    gradient for hang-up to occur is independent of the materials height in the hopper and the
    diameter of orifice and equals to (dpw/dl)s, which can be predicted by Eq. (7). While the
    corresponding gas velocity in the standpipe equals to the incipient fluidized velocity of
    particles at the high pressure and can be predicted by Kwauk’s equation.