Please wait a minute...
SCI和EI收录∣中国化工学会会刊
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
Table of Content
28 August 2013, Volume 21 Issue 8
    A Novel SiC Foam Valve Tray for Distillation Columns
    ZHANG Lühong, LIU Xuekuan, LI Xingang, GAO Xin, SUI Hong, ZHANG Jinsong, YANG Zhenming, TIAN Chong, LI Hong
    2013, 21(8):  821-826.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60552-2
    Abstract ( )   PDF (413KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The novel SiC foam valve tray was made of thin slices of SiC foam material with a high specific surface area. Hydrodynamic performances of the novel SiC foam valve tray were studied with air-water system at atmospheric pressure. These performance parameters included pressure drop, entrainment, weeping and clear liquid height. The mass transfer efficiency of the SiC foam valve tray was measured in laboratory plate column. Compared with the F1 float valve tray, the dry pressure drop was decreased about 25%, the entrainment rate was about 70% lower at high gas load, the weeping was much better, and the mass transfer efficiency was far higher. Thus, the overall performance of the novel SiC foam valve tray was better than that of F1 float valve tray.
    Recovery of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Hollow Fiber Supported Emulsion Liquid Membrane
    ZHENG Huidong, CHEN Jingjing, WANG Biyu, ZHAO Suying
    2013, 21(8):  827-834.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60547-9
    Abstract ( )   PDF (356KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Recovery of copper ions from wastewater using a hollow fiber supported emulsion liquid membrane (HFSELM) was studied with LIX984N as carrier, kerosene as diluents, and sulfuric acid solution as stripping phase. Effects of compositions of feed and emulsion liquid phase, flow rates on both sides of membrane, and hollow fiber module parameters were investigated. The stability of the emulsion liquid phase without surfactant and the effect of buffer in the feed phase on the extraction rate were also evaluated. It is found that the stability of the emulsion phase without surfactant is poor. Higher flow velocity gives shorter residence time for the emulsion liquid phase on the tube side, reducing the effect of particle coalescence on the separation process. The extraction rate increases with the increase of feed phase pH, carrier concentration, hydrogen ion concentration in the stripping phase, and effective hollow fiber area. The phase ratio in the emulsion liquid phase has a negative effect on extraction rate. The flow rates on both sides have little influence on the extraction performance of the HFSELM, while buffer addition in the feed solution improves the extraction efficiency.
    Transfer and Reaction Performances of Selective Catalytic Reduction of N2O with CO over Monolith Catalysts
    DAI Chengna, LEI Zhigang, WANG Yuli, ZHANG Runduo, CHEN Biaohua
    2013, 21(8):  835-843.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60559-5
    Abstract ( )   PDF (578KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    This work tries to identify the relationship between geometric configuration of monolith catalysts, and transfer and reaction performances for selective catalytic reduction of N2O with CO. Monolith catalysts with five different channel shapes (circle, regular triangle, rectangle, square and hexagon), was investigated to make a comprehensive comparison of their pressure drop, heat transfer Nu number, mass transfer Sh number and N2O conversion. It was found that monolith catalysts have a much lower pressure drop than that of traditional packed bed, and for monolith catalysts with different channel shapes, pressure drop decreases in the order of regular triangle > rectangle > square > hexagon > circle. The order of Nu is in regular triangle > rectangle ≈ square>hexagon > circle, similar to that of Sh. N2O conversion follows the order of regular triangle > rectangular ≈ square ≈ circle > hexagon. The results indicate that chemical reaction including internal diffusion is the controlling step in the selective catalytic reduction of N2O removal with CO. In addition, channel size and gas velocity also have influence on N2O conversion and pressure drop.
    Heat Transfer in a Liquid-Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor with Low Surface Tension Media
    H. R. Jin, H. Lim, D. H. Lim, Y. Kang, Ki-Won Jun
    2013, 21(8):  844-849.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60556-X
    Abstract ( )   PDF (372KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Heat transfer characteristics between the immersed heater and the bed content were studied in the riser of a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed, whose diameter and height were 0.102 m (ID) and 2.5 m, respectively. Effects of liquid velocity, particle size, surface tension of liquid phase and solid circulation rate on the overall heat transfer coefficient were examined. The heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing particle size or solid circulation rate due to the higher potential of particles to contact with the heater surface and promote turbulence near the heater surface. The value of heat transfer coefficient increased gradually with increase in the surface tension of liquid phase, due to the slight increase of solid holdup. The heat transfer coefficient increased with the liquid velocity even in the higher range, due to the solid circulation prevented the decrease in solid holdup, in contrast to that in the conventional liquid-solid fluidized beds. The values of heat transfer coefficient were well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups as well as operating variables.
    Modeling and Simulation of Ethylene Polymerization in Industrial Slurry Reactor Series
    MENG Weijuan, LI Jianwei, CHEN Biaohua, LI Hongbo
    2013, 21(8):  850-859.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60553-4
    Abstract ( )   PDF (297KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    A five-site comprehensive mathematical model was developed to simulate the steady-state behavior of industrial slurry polymerization of ethylene in multistage continuous stirred tank reactors. More specifically, the effects of various operating conditions (i.e., inflow rates of catalyst, hydrogen and comonomer) on the molecular structure and properties of polyethylene (i.e., Mw, Mn, polydispersity index (IPD), melt index, density, etc.) are fully assessed. It is shown that the proposed comprehensive model is capable of simulating the steady-state operation of an industrial slurry stirred tank reactor series. It is demonstrated that changing the catalyst flow rate, changes simultaneously the mean residence-time in both reactors, which plays a significant role on the establishment of polyethylene architecture properties such as molecular mass and IPD. The melt index and density of polyethylene are mainly controlled by hydrogen and comonomer concentration, respectively.
    Silica-gel Supported V Complexes:Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization
    LI Junbo, LIU Xiwen, CAO Cancan, GUO Jia, PAN Zhiquan
    2013, 21(8):  860-866.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60558-3
    Abstract ( )   PDF (314KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    In this manuscript, a series of catalyst SGn-[VVO2-PAMAM-MSA] (SG silica gel, PAMAM polyamidoamine, MSA 5-methyl salicylaldehyde, n 0, 1, 2, 3) was prepared and their structures were fully characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) etc. XPS revealed that the metal V and SGn-PAMAM-MSA combined more closely after the formation of Schiff base derivatives. Their catalytic activities for oxidation of dibenzothiophene were evaluated using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant. The results showed that the catalyst SG2.0-[VVO2-PAMAM-MSA] presented good catalytic activity and recycling time. Meanwhile, the optimal condition for the catalytic oxidation of SG2.0-[VVO2-PAMAM-MSA] was also investigated, which showed that when the oxidation temperature was 90℃, time was 60 min, the O/S was 3:1, and the mass content of catalyst was 1%, the rate of desulfurization could reach 85.2%. Moreover, the catalyst can be recycled several times without significant decline in catalytic activity.
    The Soret and Dufour Effects in Non-thermal Equilibrium Packed Beds with Forced Convection and Endothermic Reactions
    LI Mingchun, ZHAO Zhongliang, JING Yu, LIU Jiatao, WU Yusheng
    2013, 21(8):  867-875.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60502-X
    Abstract ( )   PDF (352KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    To study the influence of the Soret and Dufour effects on the reactive characteristics of a porous packed bed with endothermic reactions and forced convection, a two-dimensional mathematical model considering the cross-diffusion effects was developed in accordance with the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and the local thermal non-equilibrium model. The simulation results were validated by comparing with experimental data. The influence of the Soret and Dufour effects on the heat transfer, mass transfer and endothermic chemical reaction in the non-thermal equilibrium packed bed is discussed. It was found that when the Peclet number reaches 1865, the maximum relative error of the concentration of gas product induced by the Soret effect is 34.7% and that of the solid fractional conversion caused by the Dufour effect is 10.8% at reaction time 160 s and initial temperature 1473 K. The differences induced by the Soret and Dufour effects are demonstrated numerically to increase gradually with the initial temperature of feeding gas and the Peclet number.
    SDG-based Model Validation in Chemical Process Simulation
    ZHANG Beike, XU Xin, MA Xin, WU Chongguang
    2013, 21(8):  876-885.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60554-6
    Abstract ( )   PDF (355KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Signed direct graph (SDG) theory provides algorithms and methods that can be applied directly to chemical process modeling and analysis to validate simulation models, and is a basis for the development of a software environment that can automate the validation activity. This paper is concentrated on the pretreatment of the model validation. We use the validation scenarios and standard sequences generated by well-established SDG model to validate the trends fitted from the simulation model. The results are helpful to find potential problems, assess possible bugs in the simulation model and solve the problem effectively. A case study on a simulation model of boiler is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
    Measurement and Prediction of Vapor Pressure for H2O+CH3OH/C2H5OH+[BMIM][DBP] Ternary Working Fluids
    ZHANG Xiaodong, HU Dapeng, ZHAO Zongchang
    2013, 21(8):  886-893.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60544-3
    Abstract ( )   PDF (226KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate ([BMIM][DBP]) was prepared and the vapor pressures of three set of binary solutions H2O(1)/CH3OH(1)/C2H5OH(1) + [BMIM][DBP](2) were measured at different temperature and in the ILs mole fraction range from 0.1 to 0.6 with a static equilibrium apparatus. The measured vapor pressures were correlated with Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model and the average relative deviations (ARD) between experimental and correlated vapor pressures for these binary solutions were 3.19%, 2.42% and 2.95%, respectively. Then, the vapor pressures of two set of ternary solutions H2O(1) + CH3OH(2)/C2H5OH(2) + [BMIM][DBP](3) were measured with an inclined boiling apparatus and further predicted with NRTL activity coefficient model based on the binary interaction parameters coming from fitting the vapor pressures of the binary solutions. The results indicated that the ternary solutions containing [BMIM][DBP] were shown a strong negative deviation from Raoult's Law when the mole fraction of [BMIM][DBP] was larger than 0.2, which meant that ternary solutions could absorb the refrigerant vapors at the same or below solution temperature. Meanwhile, the average relative deviations between experimental and predicted vapor pressures for ternary solutions were 2.92% and 3.06%, respectively. Consequently, the NRTL active coefficient model used for non-electrolyte solutions was still valid for predicting vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary or ternary solutions containing ILs.
    Extension of Tao-Mason Equation of State to Heavy n-Alkanes
    Fakhri Yousefi, Hajir Karimi, Mohammad Mehdi Papari
    2013, 21(8):  894-900.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60548-0
    Abstract ( )   PDF (143KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    In our previous paper we extended the Tao and Mason equation of state (TM EOS) to refrigerant fluids, using the speed of sound data. This is a continuation for evaluating TM EOS in predicting PVT properties of heavy n-alkanes. Liquid density of long-chain n-alkane systems from C9 to C20 have been calculated using an analytical equation of state based on the statistical-mechanical perturbation theory. The second virial coefficients of these n-alkanes are scarce and there is no accurate potential energy function for their theoretical calculation. In this work the second virial coefficients are calculated using a corresponding state correlation based on surface tension and liquid density at the freezing point. The deviation of calculated densities of these alkanes is within 0.5% from experimental data. The densities of n-alkanes obtained from the TM EOS are compared with those calculated from Ihm-Song-Mason equation of state and the corresponding-states liquid densities (COSTALD). Our results are in favor of the preference of the TM EOS over other two equations of state.
    Measurement and Correlation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Binary System 1,2-Epoxycyclohexane+1,2-Dichloroethane
    ZHOU Cairong, WANG Haifeng, SHI Xiaohua, JIANG Denggao
    2013, 21(8):  901-905.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60538-8
    Abstract ( )   PDF (248KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Vapor-liquid equilibrium data (T, x, y) of binary system 1,2-epoxycyclohexane + 1,2-dichloroethane were determined experimentally by using a modified ROSE-Williams equilibrium vaporization system at 101.33 kPa. The results show that this binary system does not have azeotropic point. The vapor-liquid equilibrium data are in thermodynamic consistency. The binary interaction parameters in the Wilson equation are presented with the correlation of vapor-liquid equilibrium data. The measurements of liquid phase composition and bubble point temperature are well represented by the Wilson equation. Values of vapor molecular fractions and activity coefficients from the Wilson equation are presented. This work provides important engineering data for the separation of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-epoxycyclohexane.
    Estimation on Global Reaction Heat for the Aromatization Process of Liquefied Petroleum Gas
    LI Xiaohui, ZHU Jianhua, HAO Daijun
    2013, 21(8):  906-913.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60551-0
    Abstract ( )   PDF (294KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The reaction heat effect analysis for the aromatization process of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was completed in this paper. In order to characterize this complex reaction system, one set of independent reactions was determined by means of atomic coefficient matrix method. Based on reaction thermodynamic and stoichiometric knowledge, the heat effect, Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant for each independent reaction was calculated for the specified conditions. Under these conditions, based on the initial and final composition data from LPG aromatization experiments, the actual extent of reaction for each independent reaction was determined. Furthermore, the global reaction heat and adiabatic temperature rise of LPG aromatization reaction system could be estimated. This work would provide a theoretical guidance for the design and scale-up of reactor for LPG aromatization process, as well as for the selection of proper operating conditions.
    Investigation on the Key Factors and the Solution for pH Value Decrease in Carbon Filter in O3-BAC Process
    LU Shaoming, CHEN Jiangling, LI Fang
    2013, 21(8):  914-919.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60555-8
    Abstract ( )   PDF (427KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    An investigation was carried out to eliminate the decrease of effluent pH value in carbon filter in O3-biological activated carbon process. The influence factors were examined in a pilot test, and pH was adjusted in the pilot and waterworks. Results show that the carbon filter is an acid-base buffer system and the activated carbon is the key factor. Chemical functional groups on activated carbon surface present acid-base properties to buffer the water but decrease with time, so that effluent pH value decreases. The effects of ozone dosage, CO2 in the carbon filter, and the filter influent quality are negligible. A new method to adjust pH is developed: the activated carbon is first modified by soaking in sodium hydroxide solution to make its pH reach the desired value, and then the pH value of inflow is controlled to certain value by dosing lime in sand filter influent. The method is economical and effective.
    Fabrication of Super Hydrophobic Surfaces on Copper by Solution-immersion
    GONG Zhijin, WANG Jianli, WU Limei, WANG Xiaoyu, LÜ Guocheng, LIAO Libing
    2013, 21(8):  920-926.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60569-8
    Abstract ( )   PDF (603KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Super hydrophobic copper wafer was prepared by means of solution immersion and surface self-assembly methods. Different immersion conditions were explored for the best hydrophobic surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and water contact angle measurements were used to investigate the morphologies, microstructures, chemical compositions and hydrophobicity of the produced films on copper substrates, respectively. Results show that the super hydrophobic surface is composed of micro structure of Cu7S4. The films present a high water contact angle larger than 150°, a low sliding angle less than 3°, good abrasion resistance and storage stability. The molecular dynamics simulation confirms that N-dodecyl mercaptan molecules link up with Cu7S4 admirably, compared with Cu, which contributes to the stable super hydrophobic surface.
    Synthesis of Toluene-2,4-Bisurea from 2,4-Toluene Diamine and Urea and the Reaction Kinetics
    WANG Na, GENG Yanlou, AN Hualiang, ZHAO Xinqiang, WANG Yanji
    2013, 21(8):  927-932.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60557-1
    Abstract ( )   PDF (338KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Toluene-2,4-bisurea (TBU) is an important intermediate for urea route to dimethyl toluene-2,4-dicarbamate and the study on TBU synthesis via the reaction of 2,4-toluene diamine (TDA) and urea is of great significance. Firstly, thermodynamic analysis shows that the reaction is exothermic and a high equilibrium conversion of TDA is expected due to its large reaction equilibrium constant. Secondly, under the suitable reaction conditions, 130℃, 7 h, and molar ratio of TDA/zinc acetate/urea/sulfolane 1/0.05/3.5/10, TDA conversion is 54.3%, and TBU yield and selectivity are 39.8% and 73.3% respectively. Lastly, the synthesis of TBU is a 1st order reaction with respect to TDA and the reaction kinetics model is established. This work will provide useful information for commercializing the urea route to toluene-2,4-dicarbamate (TDC).
    Kinetics and Modeling of Chemical Leaching of Sphalerite Concentrate Using Ferric Iron in a Redox-controlled Reactor
    SONG Jian, GAO Ling, LIN Jianqun, WU Hongbin, LIN Jianqiang
    2013, 21(8):  933-936.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60545-5
    Abstract ( )   PDF (227KB) ( )  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    This work presents a study for chemical leaching of sphalerite concentrate under various constant Fe3+ concentrations and redox potential conditions. The effects of Fe3+ concentration and redox potential on chemical leaching of sphalerite were investigated. The shrinking core model was applied to analyze the experimental results. It was found that both the Fe3+ concentration and the redox potential controlled the chemical leaching rate of sphalerite. A new kinetic model was developed, in which the chemical leaching rate of sphalerite was proportional to Fe3+ concentration and Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio. All the model parameters were evaluated from the experimental data. The model predictions fit well with the experimental observed values.