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SCI和EI收录∣中国化工学会会刊
本期目录
2003年 第11卷 第5期 刊出日期:2003-10-28
    RESEARCH PAPERS
    水平长直管内油水两相流流动特性实验研究
    刘文红, 郭烈锦, 吴铁军, 张西民
    . 2003, 11(5):  491-496.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2096KB) ( )  
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    The flow patterns and their transitions of oil-water two-phase flow in horizontal pipes
    were studied. The experiments were conducted in two kinds of horizontal tubes, made of
    plexiglas pipe and stainless steel pipe with 40 mm ID respectively. No. 46 mechanical oil
    and tap water were used as working fluids. The superficial velocity ranges of oil and water
    were: 0.04-1.2 m.s-1 and 0.04-2.2 m.s-1, respectively. The flow patterns were identified by
    visualization and by transient fluctuation signals of differential pressure drop. The flow
    patterns were defined according to the relative distribution of oil and water phases in the
    pipes. Flow pattern maps were obtained for both pipelines. In addition, semi-theoretical
    transition criteria for the flow patterns were proposed, and the proposed transitional
    criteria are in reasonable agreement with available data in liquid-liquid systems.
    用扩散流动模型分析悬浮床内的气固两相向上流动
    尚智, 杨瑞昌, FUKUDA Kenji, 钟勇, 巨泽建
    . 2003, 11(5):  497-503.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2172KB) ( )  
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    A mathematical model of two-dimensional turbulent gas-particle two-phase flow based on the
    modified diffusion flux model (DFM) and a numerical simulation method to analyze the gas-
    particle flow structures are developed. The modified diffusion flux model, in which the
    acceleration due to various forces is taken into account for the calculation of the
    diffusion velocity of particles, is applicable to the analysis of multi-dimensional gas-
    particle two-phase turbulent flow. In order to verify its accuracy and efficiency, the
    numerical simulation by DFM is compared with experimental studies and the prediction by κ-
    ε-κp two-fluid model, which shows a reasonable agreement. It is confirmed that the
    modified diffusion flux model is suitable for simulating the multi-dimensional gas-particle
    two-phase flow.
    加压下规整填料塔内气液两相轴向返混实验研究
    张鹏, 刘春江, 唐忠利, 袁希钢, 余国琮
    . 2003, 11(5):  504-507.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1341KB) ( )  
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    An experimental study of the extent of axial backmixing in both gas and liquid phases was
    conducted in a 150 mm ID column packed with Mellapak 250Y corrugated structured packing.
    The column was operated at pressures ranging from 0.3 MPa to 2.0 MPa with nitrogen and
    water flowing countercurrently through the packing.The amount of axial backmixing was
    experimentally evaluated by the pulse response techniques using hydrogen in gas phase and
    an aqueous solution of NaCl in liquid phase as inert tracers. The response of the tracer
    was monitored by means of thermal conductivity in the gas phase and electrical conductance
    in the liquid phase. The experimentally determined residence time distribution (RTD) curves
    were interpreted in terms of the diffusion-type model. The results indicated that the axial
    backmixing in the gas increased notably with gas flowrate and slightly with operating
    pressure and liquid flowrate. The liquid-phase axial backmixing was an increasing function
    of both gas and liquid flowrates and insensitive to pressure. Various correlations were
    developed for reproducing the experimental mixing data. The agreement between experimental
    and correlated data appeared to be acceptable and within +20% of difference.
    水平管气液两相弹状流液弹频率的水动力学新模型
    刘磊, 孙贺东, 胡志华, 周芳德
    . 2003, 11(5):  508-514.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2022KB) ( )  
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    The prediction of slug frequency has important significance on gas-liquid two-phase flow. A
    hydrodynamic model was put forward to evaluate slug frequency for horizontal two-phase
    flow, based on the dependence of slug frequency on the frequency of unstable interfacial
    wave. Using air and water, experimental verification of the model was carried out in a
    large range of flow parameters. Six electrical probes were installed at different positions
    of a horizontal plexiglass pipe to detect slug frequency development. The pipe is 30 m long
    and its inner diameter is 24 mm. It is observed experimentally that the interfacial wave
    frequency at the inlet is about 1 to 3 times the frequency of stable slug. The slug
    frequencies predicted by the model fit well with Tronconi (1990) model and the experimental
    data. The combination of the hydrodynamic model and the experimental data results in a
    conclusion that the frequency of equilibrium liquid slug is approximately half the minimum
    frequency of interfacial wave.
    三正丁胺络合萃取精馏分离醋酸和水
    雷志刚, 李成岳, 陈标华
    . 2003, 11(5):  515-519.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1652KB) ( )  
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    A new separation method, reactive extractive distillation, was put forward for separating
    water and acetic acid. The separation mechanism was analyzed through infrared spectra
    technique. Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.33 kPa for the binary or
    ternary systems consisting of water, acetic acid and tributylamine were measured. The
    activity coefficients were correlated by using Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC Equations.The VLE
    experiment showed that tributylamine could enhance the relative volatility of water to
    acetic acid. An extractive distillation experiment was carried out and proved that
    tributylamine was a good extractive solvent.
    悬浮床催化精馏合成支链烷基苯的模拟
    王二强, 李成岳
    . 2003, 11(5):  520-525.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2036KB) ( )  
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    Suspension catalytic distillation (SCD) has been developed recently as an innovative
    technology in catalytic distillation. In this paper, a brief introduction to SCD is given
    and an equilibrium stage (EQ) model is developed to simulate this new process for synthesis
    of linear alkylbenzene (LAB) from benzene, and 1-dodecene.Since non-ideality of this
    reaction system is not strong, EQ model developed could be applied to it
    successfully.Simulation results agree well with experimental data, and indicate some
    characteristics of SCD process as an advanced technology for the production of LAB: 100%
    conversion of olefins, low temperature (90-100℃) and low benzene/olefin mole ratio.
    非均相羰基氧化一步合成碳酸二苯酯的研究(Ⅴ)筛选催化剂及优化合成条件
    张光旭, 吴元欣, 马沛生, 田崎峰, 吴广文, 李定或, 王存文
    . 2003, 11(5):  526-530.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1815KB) ( )  
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    Pd/LaxPbyMnOz, Pd/C, Pd/molecular sieve and Pd-heteropoly acid catalysts for direct
    synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by heterogeneous catalytic reaction were compared and
    the results of DPC synthesis indicated that the catalyst Pd/LaxPbyMnOz had higher activity.
    The Pd/LaxPbyMnOz catalyst and the support was characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM, the main
    phase was La0.62Pb0.38MnO3 and the average diameter could be about 25.4nm. The optimum
    conditions for synthesis of DPC with Pd/LaxPbyMnOz were determined by orthogonal
    experiments and the experimental results showed that reaction temperature was the first
    factor of effect on the selectivity and yield of DPC, and the concentration of O2 in gas
    phase also had significant effect on selectivity of DPC. The optimum reaction conditions
    were catalyst/phenol mass ratio 1 to 50, pressure 4.5 MPa,volume concentration of O2 25%,
    reaction temperature 60℃ and reaction time 4 h. The maximum yield and average selectivity
    could reach 13% and 97% respectively in the batch operation.
    采用数值模拟方法研究同时氧化烟气中NO和SO2的可行性添加剂
    宋蔷, 越光男, 定方正毅
    . 2003, 11(5):  531-535.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1539KB) ( )  
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    Mechanism analysis on simultaneous oxidation of NO and SO2 with additives was presented and
    numerical simulation was developed to investigate the performances of three additives on
    oxidation of NO and SO2. The simulation result showed that reaction temperature, residence
    time, additive dose and NO concentration influence the oxidation process significantly.
    There exists an optimum reaction condition for each additive. n-C4H10 has the strongest
    ability to oxidize NO and SO2.
    工业PTA氧化过程的多目标优化
    牟盛静, 苏宏业, 古勇, 褚健
    . 2003, 11(5):  536-541.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2117KB) ( )  
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    Multi-objective optimization of a purified terephthalic acid (PTA) oxidation unit is
    carried out in this paper by using a process model that has been proved to describe
    industrial process quite well. The model is a semiempirical structured into two series
    ideal continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) models. The optimal objectives include
    maximizing the yield or inlet rate and minimizing the concentration of 4-carboxy-
    benzaldhyde, which is the main undesirable intermediate product in the reaction process.
    The multi-objective optimization algorithm applied in this study is non-dominated sorting
    genetic algorithm Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ). The performance of NSGA-Ⅱ is further illustrated by
    application to the title process.
    液丝破裂过程的VOF模拟
    洪若瑜
    . 2003, 11(5):  542-549.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2877KB) ( )  
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    Study on pinching liquid filament in literature was reviewed. The breakup of liquid
    filaments under surface tension is governed by incompressible, two-dimensional (2-D),
    Navier-Stokes Equations. Surface tension was expressed via a CSF (continuous surface force)
    model that ensures robustness and accuracy. A new surface reconstruction scheme,
    alternative phase integration (API) scheme was proposed to solve the kinematic equation,and
    was compared with other three referential schemes. A general-purpose computer program has
    been developed for simulating transient, 2-D, incompressible fluid flows with free surface
    of complex topology. The transient behavior of breaking Newtonian liquid filaments under
    surface tension was simulated successfully using the developed program.The initial wave
    growth predicted using API-VOF (volume of fluid) scheme was in good agreement with
    Rayleigh’s linear theory and one-dimensional (1-D) long-wave theory. Both long wave theory
    and two-dimensional (2-D) APIVOF model on fine meshes show that as time goes on, these
    waves pinch off large droplets separated by smaller satellite ones that decrease in size
    with decreasing wavelength. Self-similar structure during the breakup was found using 1-D
    and 2-D models, and three breakups were predicted for a typical case. The criterion of
    filament breaking predicted by the 2-D model is that the wavelength is longer than the
    circumference of a filament. The predicted sizes of main and satellite droplets were
    compared with published experimental measurements.
    多层合采油藏最大有效井径数学模型及精确解
    孙贺东, 刘磊, 周芳德, 高承泰
    . 2003, 11(5):  550-554.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1215KB) ( )  
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    The maximum effective hole-diameter mathematical model describing the flow of slightly
    compressible fluid through a commingled reservoir was solved rigorously with consideration
    of wellbore storage and different skin factors. The exact solutions for wellbore pressure
    and the production rate obtained from layer j for a well production at a constant rate from
    a radial drainage area with infinite and constant pressure and no flow outer boundary
    condition were expressed in terms of ordinary Bessel functions. These solutions were
    computed numerically by the Crump’s numerical inversion method and the behavior of systems
    was studied as a function of various reservoir parameters. The model was compared with the
    real wellbore radii model. The new model is numerically stable when the skin factor is
    positive and negative, but the real wellbore radii model is numerically stable only when
    the skin factor is positive.
    2-氯酚污染土壤原位臭氧化修复的数学模型
    张晖, 宋孟浩, 黄金宝
    . 2003, 11(5):  555-558.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1333KB) ( )  
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    A microscopic diffusion-reaction model was developed to simulate in-situ ozonation for the
    remediation of contaminated soil, i.e., to predict the temporal and spatial distribution of
    target contaminant in the subsurface.The sequential strategy was employed to obtain the
    numerical solution of the model using finite difference method. A non-uniform grid of
    discretization points was employed to increase the accuracy of the numerical solution by
    means of coordinate transformation. One-dimensional column tests were conducted to verify
    the model. The column was packed with simulated soils that were spiked with 2-chlorophenol.
    Ozone gas passed through the column at a flow time intervals. Compared the experimental
    data with the simulated values, it was found that the mathematical model fitted data well
    during most time of the experiment.
    多杂质水网络设计和零排放
    李英, 都健, 姚平经
    . 2003, 11(5):  559-564.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1869KB) ( )  
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    The paper presents a procedure to design water network. First of all, water reuse system,
    water regeneration reuse system (including regeneration recycle) and wastewater treatment
    system are designed separately.But the interaction between different parts demands that
    each part is designed iteratively to optimize the whole water network. Therefore, on the
    basis of the separated design a water network superstructure including reuse,regeneration
    and wastewater treatment is established from the system engineering point of view. And a
    multiobjective adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm is adopted to simultaneously
    integrate the overall water network to balance the economic and environmental effects. The
    algorithm overcomes the defect of local optimum of simulated annealing (SA), avoids the
    pre-maturation of genetic algorithm (GA) and finds a set of solutions (pareto front) in
    acceptable computer time. From the pareto front, a point with minimum fresh water
    consumption will be extended to zero discharge as our ultimate goal.
    具有软硬约束的混合权系数最小二乘稳定预测控制算法
    周立芳, 邵之江
    . 2003, 11(5):  565-570.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1590KB) ( )  
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    Mixed-weight least-squares (MWLS) predictive control algorithm, compared with quadratic
    programming (QP) method, has the advantages of reducing the computer burden, quick
    calculation speed and dealing with the case in which the optimization is infeasible. But it
    can only deal with soft constraints. In order to deal with hard constraints and guarantee
    feasibility, an improved algorithm is proposed by recalculating the setpoint according to
    the hard constraints before calculating the manipulated variable and MWLS algorithm is used
    to satisfy the requirement of soft constraints for the system with the input constraints
    and output constraints. The algorithm can not only guarantee stability of the system and
    zero steady state error, but also satisfy the hard constraints of input and output
    variables. The simulation results show the improved algorithm is feasible and effective.
    富镧稀土镍-苯浆液体系中液相苯加氢反应动力学研究
    代世耀, 徐国华, 安越, 陈长聘, 陈立新, 王启东
    . 2003, 11(5):  571-576.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1801KB) ( )  
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    The kinetics of liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzene in misch metal nickel-five (MlNi5)
    and benzene slurry system was studied by investigating the influences of the reaction
    temperature, pressure, alloy concentration and stirring speed on the mass transfer-reaction
    processes inside the slurry. The results show that the whole process is controlled by the
    reaction at the surface of the catalyst. The mass transfer resistance at gas-liquid
    interface and that from the bulk liquid phase to the surface of the catalyst particles are
    negligible. The apparent reaction rate is zero order for benzene concentration and first
    order for hydrogen concentration in the liquid phase. The kinetic model obtained fits the
    experimental data very well. The apparent activation energy of the hydrogen absorption
    reaction of MlNi5-C6H6 slurry system is 42.16 kJ.mol-1.
    乙醇和PVA的光助Fenton降解机理
    雷乐成, 沈学优, 何锋
    . 2003, 11(5):  577-582.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1870KB) ( )  
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    Contrast degradation experiments between ethanol and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were conducted
    during H2O2, UV/H2O2, Fenton, and Photo-Fenton processes in this study. UV/VIS spectra
    showed. that complexes between Fe(Ⅲ) and organics were easily formed and degraded within
    reaction time. Compared with the degradation of complex, hydroxyl radicals acted weakly in
    Fenton or Photo-Fenton process. Hydroxyl radicals involved in Photo-Fenton process were
    deemed to be generated from the split decomposition of H2O2, photolysis of Fe3+/aq, and
    degradation of hydrated Fe(Ⅳ)-complex but not traditional Fenton reaction. Experimental
    evidence to support this point was presented in this paper.
    用不可逆过程热力学模型估算通过纳米过滤膜电解质和有机化合物的分离
    Pallab Ghosh
    . 2003, 11(5):  583-588.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2114KB) ( )  
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    Nanofiltration separation has become a popular technique for removing large organic
    molecules and inorganic substances from water. It is achieved by a combination of three
    mechanisms: electrostatic repulsion,sieving and diffusion. In the present work, a model
    based on irreversible thermodynamics is extended and used to estimate rejection of
    inorganic salts and organic substances. Binary systems are modeled, where the feed contains
    an ion that is much less permeable to the membrane as compared with the other ion. The two
    model parameters are estimated by fitting the model to the experimental data. Variation of
    these parameters with the composition of the feed is described by an empirical correlation.
    This work attempts to describe transport through the nanofiltration membranes by a simple
    model.
    影响纳米碳酸钙制备过程的因素分析
    曹维良, 王泽, 张敬畅
    . 2003, 11(5):  589-593.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1668KB) ( )  
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    Cubic shaped CaCO3 particles with mean size of 30-40 nm were prepared by intermittent
    carbonation process without any additives. It was found that the flow rate of CO2 has no
    distinct influence on the particle size larger size.
    RESEARCH NOTES
    微波辐照选育木聚糖酶高产菌宇佐美曲霉
    李永泉, 陈时飞, 岑沛霖
    . 2003, 11(5):  594-597.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1259KB) ( )  
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    A high yield xylanase producing strain, A. usamii L336-23, was screened out from its parent
    strain A.usamii L336 after microwave irradiation. Its productivity of xylanase activity
    increased by 35.7% from The mechanism of microwave mutation was also discussed.
    1,2-环己二醇的焓和热容数据研究
    周彩荣, 章亚东, 蒋登高
    . 2003, 11(5):  598-600.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (827KB) ( )  
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    The thermodynamic properties of different geometric structures of 1,2-cyclohexanediol which
    were rarely reported in literature, such as combustion enthalpy, formation enthalpy,
    melting enthalpy and heat capacities, were determined by NETZSCH DSC 204 Scanning
    Calorimeter. The relationship between the melting point and the composition for the mixture
    system of cis-1,2-cyclohexanediol and trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol was investigated and
    corresponding phase diagram was obtained. The melting enthMpies of both cis-1,2-
    cyclohexanediol and trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol are 20.265 kJ·mol-1 and 16.368 kJ·mol-1
    respectively. The standard combustion enthalpies of cis- and trans-1,2-cyclohexaneddiol
    were determined by calorimeter. They are respectively -3507.043 kJ·mol-1 and -3497.8 k J·
    mol-1 at 298.15 K.The standard formation enthalpies are respectively 568.997kJ·mol-1and
    578.240kJ·mol-1 for cis- and trans-1,2-cyclohexaneddiol.
    表面活性剂包衣Candida rugosa脂肪酶在无溶剂下油水两相体系中催化橄榄油水解
    宋宝东, 丁辉, 吴金川, Hayashi Y., Talukder MMR, 王世昌
    . 2003, 11(5):  601-603.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (902KB) ( )  
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    The surfactant-coated Candida rugosa lipase was used as catalyst for hydrolysis of olive
    oil in two-phase system consisting of olive oil and phosphate buffer without organic
    solvent. For both the coated and native lipases,the optimal buffer/oil volume ratio of 1.0,
    aqueous pH 6.8 and reaction temperature 30℃ were determined. The maximum activity of the
    coated lipase was ca 1.3 times than that of the native lipase. The half-life of the coated
    lipase in olive oil and the native lipase in phosphate buffer was ca 9 h and 12 h, and the
    final residual activity was 27% and 20% of their initial values, respectively. The final
    substrate conversion by the coated lipase was ca 20% higher than that of the native lipase.
    吡虫啉合成的工艺优化和工业放大
    闻建平, 王长
    . 2003, 11(5):  604-607.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1177KB) ( )  
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    In order to reduce the production cost of imidacloprid, the preparation technology for the
    direct combination of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine and 2-nitryliminoglyoxaline has been
    optimized in a 10 L stirred tank reactor with a new solvent, butanone, and a new catalyst,
    benzyl triethyl-ammonium chloride (BTEAC), which was proved to be more profitable for the
    production of imidacloprid. Three main affecting factors (the reaction temperature, the
    molar ratio of BTEAC to 2-nitryliminoglyoxaline and the concentration of 2-
    nitryliminoglyoxaline) for the production of imidacloprid were investigated and the optimum
    operating conditions were found. Based on the above technological optimization, an
    industrial process for imidacloprid with a production capacity of 50 tons per year was put
    in operation using a 2500 L stirred tank reactor under the same operating conditions. Good
    yield and purity of imidacloprid was also obtained in the industrial production.
    2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶在气升环流反应器中的合成研究
    闻建平, 王长林, 乔萍
    . 2003, 11(5):  608-610.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (996KB) ( )  
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    A new process for the direct chlorination of 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine to yield 2-chloro-5
    -chloromethylpyridine in an airlift loop reactor (ALR) has been studied. Five main reaction
    conditions including TR,na/ns, cp, Qg and dD/dR were optimized. The average molar yield and
    purity of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine obtained were 79% and 98.5% respectively under
    the optimum operating conditions. Finally, the efficiency for the preparation of 2-chloro-
    5-chloromethylpyridine with ALR and stirred tank reactor (STR) respectively was compared.
    考虑环境影响最小化的反应过程的开发
    陈启石, 冯霄
    . 2003, 11(5):  611-615.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1697KB) ( )  
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    A methodology is presented to identify environmental impact minimization alternatives for
    reaction processes and assess their environmental performance. The potential environmental
    impact (PEI) scheme can be used to visibly display the transformation relationships among
    different types of PEI, identify the sources of environmental impacts, and propose
    alternatives for eliminating or minimizing the impacts. To evaluate the environmental
    performance of the alternatives effectively, some new indices, such as PEI input rate of
    non-products, PEI output rate of non-products per profit and the PEI conversion efficiency
    are proposed. Finally, the application of the methodology is illustrated using an
    industrial case study.