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SCI和EI收录∣中国化工学会会刊
本期目录
2001年 第9卷 第4期 刊出日期:2001-12-28
    RESEARCH PAPERS
    流化床中旋风下料管的物理模型
    K.Smolders, D.Geldart, J.Baeyens
    . 2001, 9(4):  337-347.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (3355KB) ( )  
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    In most industrial fiuidization units, two- or three-stage cyclone systems are used to
    clean the product gases. To return the solids to the bed, these cyclones are fitted with
    diplegs. By pass of gas from the bed through the dipleg is partially overcome by the back
    pressure build-up in the dipleg and by adding a trickle valve at the bottom of the dipleg.
    Diplegs of primary cyclones, operating at a high solid loading behave differently from
    diplegs of secondary and tertiary cyclones which operate at low solid loading. Both types
    have been investigated by pressure drop measurements, visual observation and by
    measurements of the air flow rate flowing up the riser. The primary dipleg was also studied
    using electrical capacitance tomography. The results are reported hereafter and will give a
    first indication towards the right design of the dipleg and the selection of the trickle
    valve. The influence of gas flow in the dipleg on the conversion in a catalytic fluidized
    bed reactor is found to be negligible.
    圆柱孔的势能模型
    张现仁, 汪文川
    . 2001, 9(4):  348-353.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1812KB) ( )  
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    An analytical potential for cylindrical pores has been derived by introducing a variational
    method into the integration for the calculation of the interaction energy between the wall
    molecules and a test molecule, all of which are represented by Lennard-Jones potential. The
    model proposed gives good fito the results from the cylindrical surface model and the
    pseudoatom model. To test the potential proposed rigorously, we have carried out grand
    canonical ensemble Monte Carlo(GCMC) simulation of nitrogen in the MCM-41 pore at 77 K, and
    compared the simulated adsorption isotherm with the experimental data reported in the
    literature. The simulated isotherm from our model is in almost qualitative agreement with
    experiment. Consequently, the model proposed provides an explicit and accurate description
    of cylindrical pores represented by the Lennard-Jones potential. Moreover, the model can be
    easily applied to a variety of cylindrical pores, ranging from cylindrical surface to
    finite thickness walls, in both theoretical studies and computer simulations.
    基于误差分析方程的沸点计法
    李浩然, 陈志荣, 韩世钧
    . 2001, 9(4):  354-358.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1150KB) ( )  
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    Ebulliometric method based on the error analysis equation is presented for systems with the
    large phase equilibrium constant. Application is given for the determination and
    calculation of binary vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the ethanol-l-n-hexane system. It
    is also given the comparison results between the ebulliometric method based on the error
    analysis equation and the quasi-static method.
    非傅立叶热现象的理论分析和实验证实
    蒋方明, 刘登瀛, 蔡睿贤
    . 2001, 9(4):  359-366.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2308KB) ( )  
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    This paper consists of two parts. (1) For a hollow sphere with sudden temperature changes
    on its inner and outer surfaces, the hyperbolic heat conduction equation is employed to
    describe this extreme thermal case and an analytical expression of its temperature
    distribution is obtained. According to the expression, the non-Fourier heat conduction
    behavior that will appear in the hollow sphere is studied and some qualitative conditions
    that will result in distinct non-Fourier behavior in the medium is ultimately attained. (2)
    A novel experiment to observe non-Fourier heat conduction behavior in porous material
    (mainly ordinary duplicating paper) heated by a microsecond laser pulse is presented. The
    conditions for observing distinct non-Fourier heat conduction behavior in the experimental
    sample agree well with the theoretical results qualitatively.
    用多粒模型模拟丁二烯气相聚合的颗粒增长
    孙建中, 赵军子, 何斯征, 周其云
    . 2001, 9(4):  367-375.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2719KB) ( )  
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    Gas phase polymerization of butadiene by neodymium catalyst was modeled. The effects of
    mass and heat transfer resistances in the external boundary layer and within particles,
    sorption of butadiene in polybutadiene,and deactivation of active sites on polymer particle
    growth and morphology were studied. Simulation results show that the effects of
    intraparticle mass and heat transfer resistances on the growth rate of polymer particles
    are insignificant, and that there is no significant effect of mass transfer resistance on
    the morphology of polymer particles.The simulation results were compared with the
    experimental results.
    稀土催化苯乙烯本体聚合机理与动力学
    吴林波, 李伯耿, 李宝芳, 曹堃
    . 2001, 9(4):  376-381.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1839KB) ( )  
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    The bulk polymerization of styrene catalyzed by Nd(P204)3/MgBu2/HMPA (hexamethyl phospho-
    ramide) was carried out in capped glass tubes. The effects of reaction conditions on
    polymerization conversion and molecular weight in the range of high conversion were
    investigated. The molecular weight of the resultant polymers is dramatically high and its
    distribution is relatively narrow. The polymerization process demonstrates the feature of
    living polymerization and auto-acceleration phenomenon. The auto-acceleration phenomenon is
    attributed to the non-instantaneous formation of the active species. The experimental data
    suggest that chain transfer to MgBu2 is one of the factors governing the molecular weight
    development. A mechanism of polymerization is presented with the chain transfer process
    incorporated.
    催化精馏塔中乙酸甲酯水解的研究
    王成习
    . 2001, 9(4):  382-387.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1596KB) ( )  
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    A nonequilibrium stage model was used to simulate countercurrent multicomponent catalytic
    distillation processes for methyl acetate hydrolysis. Computations of stage eiliciencies
    or height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) were entirely avoided by this model. The
    consistency of simulated results and experimental data in conversions and concentration of
    each component along a column indicates that the model predicts the actual process well.
    The influences of operating parameters on hydrolytic conversions, such as feed molar
    ratios, feed locations, feed and reflux rates, heights of reactive and stripping sections,
    were analyzed adequately by simulating calcuiations. A good operating mode was then
    obtained, which is helpful to the development of a new process.
    内部热耦合精馏塔基于非理想物系的最优评价
    刘兴高, 徐用懋, 钱积新
    . 2001, 9(4):  388-394.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2125KB) ( )  
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    Internal thermally coupled distillation column(ITCDIC) is a frontier in energy saving
    distillation research. In this paper, the optimal assessment on the energy saving and the
    operating cost for ITCDIC of nonideal mixture is explored. An evaluating method is
    proposed, and the pertinent optimization model is then derived. The ethanol-water system is
    studied as an illustrative example. The optimization results show that the maximum energy
    saving in ITCDIC process is about 35% and the maximum operating cost saving in ITCDIC
    process is about 30%,as compared with a conventional distillation column(CDIC) under the
    minimum reflux ratio operating; the optimal operating pressure of the rectifying section is
    found to be around 0.25 MPa; the effects of the feedcomposition,operating pressure and the
    heat transfer rate on operation are also found and analyzed. It is revealed that ITCDIC
    process possesses high energy saving potential and promising economical prospect.
    PAPERS SELECTED FROM……
    化工企业集成的层次模型结构体系
    华贲, 周章玉, 成思危
    . 2001, 9(4):  395-401.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2686KB) ( )  
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    Towards integration of supply chain, manufacturing/production and investment decision
    making, this paper presents a hierarchical model architecture which contains six sub-models
    covering the areas of manufacturing control, production operation, design and revamp,
    production management, supply chain and investment decision making. Six types of flow,
    material, energy, information, humanware, partsware and capital are ciasified. These flows
    connect enterprise components/subsystems to formulate system topology and logical
    structure. Enterprise components/subsystems are abstracted to generic elementary and
    composite classes. Finally, the model architecture is applied to a management system of an
    integrated suply chain, and suggestion are made on the usage of the model architecture and
    further development of the model as well as imvlementation issues.
    过程工业的投资决策支持系统
    周章玉, 成思危, 华贲, 曾敏刚, 尹清华
    . 2001, 9(4):  402-406.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1727KB) ( )  
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    Most studies on investment evaluation mainly focus on enterprise economic benefits only,
    without process operability and sustainability considered. In this paper, we suggest that
    investment evaluation in process industries should be executed under three strategic
    objectives--enterprise benefits, social benefits and customer benefits. A systematic
    investment evaluation and decision-making method with a four-step procedure based on the
    analytic hierarchyprocess (AHP) is proposed to evaluate various qualitative and
    quantitative elements with various criteria. At the first step, the decision hierarchy is
    constructed under the three strategic objectives. Second, pair-wise comparison is utilized
    to evaluate the weights of elements and criteria. Third, qualitative elements are
    quantified by pair-wise comparison and quantitative elements are re-scaled by a uniform
    criterion. At the last, the best choice is made through synthesizing values upward in the
    hierarchy. An investment decision support system (DSS) is developed based on Microsoft
    Excel, and applied to a retrofit investment of united fluid catalytic cracking(FCC) and
    liquefied gas separation process in a refinery plant.
    透明颤菌血红蛋白基因和λ噬菌体裂解基因在生产PHB重组大肠杆菌中的同时表达
    于慧敏, 史悦, 尹进, 沈忠耀, 杨胜利
    . 2001, 9(4):  407-411.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1729KB) ( )  
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    Exogenous Vitreoscilla globin gene (vgb), lytic genes of phage γ with S amber mutation
    (S^-RRz) and poly(fl-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) biosynthetic genes (phbCAB) were cloned into a
    same Escherichia coil cell,simultaneously or respectively. Six novel strains containing
    phbCAB and vgb with or without lyticgenes were constructed. Strain VG1 (pTU14), in which
    vgb, phbCAB and S-RRz could all be successfully expressed, has superior characteristics in
    cell growth and PHB accumulation, while the results of strains containing vgb and phbCAB
    without S- RRz were not better than that of strains harbored phbCAB only. The simultaneous
    expression of vgb and S-RRz in the recombinant VG1 (pTU14) showed a great potential for
    low-cost production of PHB.
    由合成气生产二甲醚过程反应协同作用的研究
    王志良, 刁杰, 王金福, 金涌
    . 2001, 9(4):  412-416.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1478KB) ( )  
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    Influence of reaction temperature, pressure and space velocity on the direct synthesis of
    dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas is studied in an isothermal fixed-bed reactor. The
    catalyst is a physical mixture of C30 copper-based methanol (MeOH) synthesis catalyst and
    ZSM-5 dehydration catalyst. The experimental results show that the chemical synergy between
    methanol synthesis reaction and methanol dehydration reaction is evident. The conversion of
    carbon monoxide is over 90%.
    RESEARCH NOTES
    带电硬哑铃流体的分子热力学
    秦原, 刘洪来, 胡英
    . 2001, 9(4):  417-420.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1129KB) ( )  
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    Chemical potentials of charged hard-dumbbell fluids are obtained by Monte Carlo simulations
    using Widom’s test-particle method, corresponding compressibility factors are achieved by
    integration of chemical potentials at different densities. A molecular thermodynamic model
    is also developed for these charged hard-dumbbell fluids where the residual Helmholtz
    function is composed of two terms: a reference term responsible for the charged hard
    spheres and a bonding contribution measuring the sticky interactions between positive and
    negative hard ions.Model predictions are in good agreement with simulationresults.
    一种完全型形状因子对应态原理
    陈新志, 王连尉, 侯虞钧
    . 2001, 9(4):  421-426.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1380KB) ( )  
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    In the two-parameter corresponding states principle(CSP), the critical compressibility
    factors of the fluid under study(called "α" fluid) and the reference fluid(called "o"
    fluid) must be identical. This is not generally observed in nature. To overcome this
    limitation, a perfect shape factor CSP is proposed in which the compressibility factors of
    "a" and "o" fluids are corresponded perfectly by introducing a new pressure shape factor 5.
    Using methane as the "o" fluid, the shape factors of many fluids are calculated from PVT
    properties at saturation state and the second virial coefficients. Models are also
    formulated for the shape factors with the assumption of φ is a function of temperature and
    volume while θ and δ are temperature dependent only. The models described the shape
    factors satisfactorily in whole region including vapor, liquid and their co-existing
    phases. The perfect shape factor CSP could be applied for both polar and non-uolar fluids.
    超声场对氢键缔合体系解吸平衡的影响研究
    秦炜, 原永辉, 戴猷元
    . 2001, 9(4):  427-430.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1190KB) ( )  
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    Effects of ultrasound on intensification of separation process were investigated through
    the experiment of desorption equilibrium behavior. Tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) on NKA-X resin
    and phenol on a solvent impregnated resin, CL-TBP resin, were used for desorption
    processes. The desorption rate was measured with and without ultrasound. Desorption
    equilibrium was studied under various ultrasonic power densities or thermal infusion.
    Results showed that the desorption rate with ultrasound was much higher than that with
    normal thermal infusion. Both ultrasound and thermal infusion broke the desorption
    equilibrium existed at room temperature. However, after the systems were cooled down, the
    amount of solute desorbed in the liquid phase in the presence of ultrasound was much higher
    than that at the temperature corresponding to the same ultrasound power. It is proved that
    the initial desorption equilibrium was broken as a result of the spot energy effect of
    ultrasound.
    乳状液膜包酶制备6-APA的研究
    陆强, 胡鸣, 熊丹柳, 邓修
    . 2001, 9(4):  431-435.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1529KB) ( )  
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    Production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) by hydrolysis using penicillin acylase (PA)
    was studied as a model of an enzymatic emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process. The loss of
    PA activity was examined for various membrane compositions (organic solvent, surfactant,
    carrier). The effects of some experimental variables on the stability of emulsion were
    investigated. It was found that the choice of organic solvent greatly affected
    tilestability of the emulsion. Increasing the concentration of the carrier in the membrane
    phase increases the transfer rate of substrate and products but also has a destabilizing
    effect on the emulsion. The recovery of 6-APA obtained by a di-carrier system (N263-N1923)
    was much higher than those when either of the di-carriers was used separately.The whole
    process was controlled both by the enzymatic reaction rate and by the transfer rate of the
    substrate and the products, however, the ratio of them could be changed by varying the
    composition of the system. For an optimum condition, it was obtained that the recovery
    ratio of 6-APA was over 80% and the conversion of benzyl penicillin (PG) was up to 90% in
    the external phase after 30 minutes. Meanwhile, the breakage percentage of the emulsion was
    less than 2%.
    垂直管内气液两相弹状流含气率研究
    夏国栋, 周芳德, 胡明胜
    . 2001, 9(4):  436-440.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1449KB) ( )  
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    In order to investigate the influence of the entrance effect on the spatial distribution of
    phases, the experiments on gas-liquid two-phase slug flow in a vertical pipe of 0.03m ID
    were carried out by using optical probes and an EKTAPRO 1000 high speed motion analyzer. It
    demonstrates that the radial profile of slug flow void fraction is parabolic. Influenced by
    the falling liquid film, the radial profile curve of liquid slug void fraction in the wake
    region is also parabolic. Since fully turbulent velocity distribution is built up in the
    developed region,the void fraction profile in this region is the saddle type. At given
    superficial liquid velocity, the liquid slug void fraction increases with gas velocity. The
    radial profiles of liquid slug void fraction at different axial locations are all saddle
    curves, but void fraction is obviously high around the centerline in the entrance region.
    The nearer the measuring station is from the entrance, the farther the peak location is
    away from the wall.
    氨合成反应器的模拟计算和设计优化
    叶启亮, 应卫勇, 房鼎业
    . 2001, 9(4):  441-446.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1911KB) ( )  
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    One-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model of an axial flow converter and one-dimensional
    heteroge-neous model of a horizontal converter have been presented, which describe the
    distribution of gaseous composition,temperature and pressure along the height in the two
    converters, respectively. Design optimization methods of the two converters have been
    proposed, by which the minimum catalyst volume can be obtained to satisfy the productive
    capacity of 1000 tons per day, when the operating pressure is 15.0, 10.0 and 7.5 MPa,
    respectively.
    提高钾长石转化的实验室研究
    李华, 范秀山, 王光龙, 刘大壮
    . 2001, 9(4):  447-450.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1102KB) ( )  
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    The studies for raising potash feldspar utilization ratio by physical, biological and
    chemical methods are carried out in laboratory and the results are presented. It is shown
    that calcinatory and biological methods have positive effects on conversion of K in potash
    feldspar into water-soluble form, but the conversion is low; chemical method can change
    most of insoluble potassium into available form, and might be significant in industry to
    some extent.