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SCI和EI收录∣中国化工学会会刊
本期目录
2000年 第8卷 第3期 刊出日期:2000-09-28
    RESEARCH PAPERS
    用相指示器函数方法(分散元概率密度函数)推导及验证湍流稀两相流动的欧拉-欧拉模型
    Santiago Laín, Ricardo Aliod
    . 2000, 8(3):  189-202.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (4344KB) ( )  
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    A statistical formalism overcoming some conceptual and practical difficulties arising in
    existing two- phase flow (2PHF) mathematical modelling has been applied to propose a model
    for dilute 2PHF turbulent flows. Phase interaction terms with a clear physical meaning
    enter the equations and the formalism provides some guidelines for the avoidance of closure
    assumptions or the rational approximation of these terms. Continuous phase averaged
    continuity, momentum, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate equations
    have been rigorously and systematically obtained in a single step. These equations display
    a structure similar to that for single-phase flows. It is also assumed that dispersed phase
    dynamics is well described by a probability density function (pdf) equation and Eulerian
    continuity, momentum and fluctuating kinetic energy equations for the dispersed phase are
    deduced. An extension of the standard k-ε turbulence model for the continuous phase is
    used. A gradient transport model is adopted for the dispersed phase fluctuating fluxes of
    momentum and kinetic energy at the non-colliding, large inertia limit. This model is then
    used to predict the behaviour of three axisymmetric turbulent jets of air laden with solid
    particles varying in size and concentration. Qualitative and quantitative numerical
    predictions compare reasonably well with the three different sets of experimental results,
    studying the influence of particle size, loading ratio and flow confinement velocity.
    混沌混合中流体指数拉伸与混合效率的数值研究
    王林翔, 陈鹰, 范毓润, 路甬祥
    . 2000, 8(3):  203-207.  doi:
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    The stretching and folding of fluid element during chaotic mixing field is studied using
    numerical method. The chaotic mixing process is caused by periodic secondary flow in a
    twisted curved pipe. Using the nonlinear discrete velocity field as the dynamical system,
    the present study connects the fluid particle’s stretching along its trajectory in one
    period to a linearized time-varying variational equation. After numerical approximation of
    the variational equation, fluid stretching is calculated on the whole cross section. The
    stretching distribution shows an exponential fluid stretching and folding, which indicates
    an excellent mixing performance.
    有无静态混合器时的机械搅拌气升式环流反应器传递特性研究
    吕效平, 王延儒, 时钧
    . 2000, 8(3):  208-211.  doi:
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    The mechanically stirred internal loop airlift reactors equipped with or without static
    mixers are devised for intensification of gas-liquid mass transfer rate. The influences of
    superficial gas velocity, agitation or static mixers on gas hold-up, mixing time, liquid
    circulating velocity and volumetric mass transfer coefficient have been investigated with
    tap water and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) aqueous solution. The experimental results
    indicate that mechanical agitation is more efficacious than static mixer in highly viscous
    media for improving mass transfer in airlift reactors. The empirical correlation of
    volumetric mass transfer coefficient with apparent viscosity, and energy consumption for
    mechanical agitation and aeration is developed.
    解析导数及稀疏矩阵技术在大规模过程优化命题中的应用
    仲卫涛, 邵之江, 张余岳, 钱积新
    . 2000, 8(3):  212-217.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1962KB) ( )  
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    The performance of analytical derivative and sparse matrix techniques applied to a
    traditional dense sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is studied, and the strategy
    utilizing those techniques is also presented. Computational results on two typical chemical
    optimization problems demonstrate significant enhancement in effi ciency, which shows this
    strategy is promising and suitable for large-scale process optimization problems.
    一种新型的混合导电型致密透氧膜
    徐南平, 李世光, 金万勤, 时钧
    . 2000, 8(3):  218-223.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1989KB) ( )  
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    Perovskite type SrCo0.4Fe0.6O3-δ(SCF) membrane and a novel perovskite-related ZrO2 doped
    SrCo0.4Fe0.6O3-δ(SCFZ) membrane were successfully prepared by isostatic pressing. The
    sintered membranes were characterized by high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) and
    energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The oxygen permeabilities of membranes have been
    measured in the temperature range of 923 K to 1243 K. The oxygen permeation flux at 1123 K
    and activation energy of SCFZ membrane with the thickness of 2 mm are respectively 2.68×
    10-7 mol.cm-2.min-1 and 97.76 kJ.mol-1. The results of HTXRD in argon atmosphere and the
    oxygen per meation experiment indicate that the SCFZ membrane is stable at elevated
    temperature and low oxygen partial pressure.
    指数-6流体的自扩散系数的分子动力学模拟
    梅东海, 李以圭, 陆九芳
    . 2000, 8(3):  224-229.  doi:
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    Self-diffusion coefficients of exponential-six fluids are studied using equilibrium
    molecular dynamics simulation technique. Mean-square displacements and velocity
    autocorrelation functions are used to calculate self diffusion coefficients through
    Einstein equation and Green-Kubo formula. It has been found that simulation results are in
    good agreement with experimental data for liquid argon which is taken as exponential-six
    fluid. The effects of density, temperature and steepness factor for repulsive part of
    exponential-six potential on self-diffusion coefficients are also investigated. The
    simulation results indicate that the self-diffusion coefficient of exponential-six fluid in
    creases as temperature increases and density decreases. In addition, the larger self-
    diffusion coefficients are obtained as the steepness factor increases at the same
    temperature and density condition.
    肿胀床中蛋白质吸附性能
    胡洪波, 姚善泾, 林东强, 朱自强
    . 2000, 8(3):  230-235.  doi:
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    The influence of operation parameters on the adsorption performance of protein (bovin serum
    albumin, BSA) in an expanded bed was studied using Streamline diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE).
    The result of residence time distributions (RTD) and breakthrough curves showed that
    adsorption performance of the expanded bed could not be improved by increasing the flow
    velocity at the range from 16 ml·min-1 to 26 ml.min-1. The increase of protein
    concentration from 0.5 mg·m1-1 to 2 mg.m1-1 resulted in poor adsorption performance. With
    increasing temperature from 5℃ to 30℃ and the sedimented bed height from 11.5cm to
    22.5cm, the adsorption characteristics in the expanded bed were improved.
    基于表面更新理论的臭氧吸收增强因子及应用
    程江, 杨卓如, 陈焕钦, C.H.Kuo, M.E.Zappi
    . 2000, 8(3):  236-240.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1409KB) ( )  
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    Based on the Danckwerts surface renewal model, a simple explicit expression of the
    enhancement factor in ozone absorption with a first order ozone self-decomposition and
    parallel second order ozonation reactions has been derived. The results are compared with
    our previous work based on the film theory. The 2,4-dichlorophenol destruction rate by
    ozonation is predicted using the enhancement factor model in this paper.
    钨湿法冶金中带有长链交联剂的阴离子交换剂的吸附性能研究
    A.G. Kholmogorov, O.N. Kononova, S.V. Kachin, O.P.Kalyakina, G.L.Pashkov
    . 2000, 8(3):  241-246.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1709KB) ( )  
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    The macroporous anion exchangers with long-chained cross-linking agents were investigated
    for the tungsten recovery from salt solutions. The physical-chemical characteristics of
    these sorbents were studied by means of sorption-desorption experiment aswell as electron
    and IR-spectroscopy. The anion exchangers on the basis of macroporous copolymers of
    methylacrylate and divinyl-ester of diethyleneglycol or tetravinyl-ester of pentaerythritol
    possess the exchange capacity to tungsten 2-5 times greater than the porous anion
    exchangers on the basis of styrene and divinylbenzene, therefore they can be used for
    selective tungsten recovery from complex salt solutions.
    切向燃烧锅炉的计算模型(Ⅱ)NOx排放
    郑友取, 樊建人, 马银亮, 孙平, 岑可法
    . 2000, 8(3):  247-250.  doi:
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    The paper describes numerical and experimental study on reduction of NOx emissions in a 600
    MW tangentially fired boiler furnace under different operating conditions. A simplified NOx
    formation mechanism model, along with the gas-particle multiphase flow model, is adopted.
    The prediction yields encouraging results as compared to experimental data.
    CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DATA
    亚硝酸乙酯在混合溶剂中溶解度的测定与关联
    庞建媛, 刘国维, 马沛生, 方越
    . 2000, 8(3):  251-254.  doi:
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    An experimental apparatus was used to measure the solubility of ethyl nitrite in mixed
    solvents under the lower pressure and higher temperature. The solubilities of ethyl nitrite
    in mixed solvents of ethanol-water at 15℃-40℃ and ethanol-diethyl oxalate at 20℃-40℃
    were determined. A Henry constant model has been improved, and the interaction parameters
    have been fitted from experimental data. The calculation results have been compared with
    experimental data; the results obtained are satisfactory.
    REVIEWS
    浆态床反应器中费-托合成的综述
    丁百全, 李涛, A.A.C.M. Beenackers, C.P.van der laan
    . 2000, 8(3):  255-266.  doi:
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    A brief review of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis specially in slurry reactors is presented,
    covering reaction kinetics, activity and selectivity of catalysts, product distribution,
    effects of process parameters, mass transfer and solubility of gas. Some important aspects
    of further research are proposed for improving both theories and production.
    RESEARCH NOTES
    多管气升式环流反应器的液体循环
    刘永民, 刘铮, 穆克, 袁乃驹
    . 2000, 8(3):  267-271.  doi:
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    A multi-tube air-lift loop reactor (MT-ALR) is presented in this paper. Based on the energy
    conserva tion, a mathematical model describing the liquid circulation flow rate was
    developed, which was determined by gas velocity, the cross areas of riser and downcomer,
    gas hold-up and the local frictional loss coefficient. The experimen tal data indicate that
    either increase of gas flow rate or reduction of the downcomer diameter contributes to
    higher liquid circulation rate. The correlation between total and the local frictional loss
    coefficients was also established. Effects of gas flowrate in two risers and diameter of
    downcomer on the liquid circulation rate were examined. The value of total frictional loss
    coefficient was measured as a function of the cross area of downcomer and independent of
    the gas flow rate. The calculated results of liquid circulation rates agreed well with the
    experimental data with an average relative error of 9.6%.
    气相和液相中三氯乙烯和苯的臭氧化动力学
    钟理, Kuo Chiang-Hai
    . 2000, 8(3):  272-275.  doi:
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    The kinetics of ozonation reactions of trichloroethylene (TCE) and benzene in gas and
    liquid phases at 101.3 kPa and 298 K was investigated in this paper. The ozonation of TCE
    is first order with respect to the ozone con- centration and one and half order to TCE in
    the gas phase with the average rate constant 57.30 (mol. L- 1)-1.5·s- 1, and the TCE
    ozonation in aqueous medium is first order with respect to both ozone and trichloroethylene
    with the average rate constant 6.30 (mol·L-1)-1.s-1. The ozonation of benzene in the gas
    phase is first order in ozone but independent of the benzene concentration with the average
    reaction rate constant 0.0011 s-1. The overall kinetics of reaction between ozone and
    benzene in aqueous solution is found to be first order with one-half order in both ozone
    and bezene, with the average reaction rate constant 2.67 s- 1. It is found that the
    ozonation rate of pallutants is much quicker than that of self-decomposition of ozone in
    both gas and aqueous phase.
    内下料式重力混料仓的实验研究
    易江林, 景山, 陈银飞, 郭艳, 金涌
    . 2000, 8(3):  276-278.  doi:
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    A novel gravity blender with an inner downcomer was experimentally studied in this work.
    The flow characteristics of solid through the downcomer with branch pipes and the influence
    of the number of intake openings and their axial position along the downcomer on blending
    efficiency were investigated. The results of tracer experi ments show that better blending
    quality can be obtained if the intake openings along the downcomer are designated according
    to the equal time interval principle. More intake openings are beneficial for blending
    efficiency, and the solids flow rate through the branch pipes along the downcomer can be
    predicted by the Beverloo equation.
    二氧化碳吸附法估算孔分布及其在物理活化中的应用
    周理, 姚金花, 王瑜, 周亚平
    . 2000, 8(3):  279-282.  doi:
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    The CO2 adsorption data may show more than one section in the Dubinin-Radushkevich-Kaganer
    (DRK) plot if samples had been over-activated. Each section in the plot represents a range
    of pore size. The whole DRK plot provided information on the pore size distribution(PSD) of
    a sample, which may be used to monitor the effect of activation conditions in activation
    processes.