Based on the analysis of the principles of heat and mass transfer from the liquid
bulk to bubble surface during nucleation, a new estimation method to predict the heat
transfer of the nucleate pool boiling in binary mixtures is proposed in this paper by using
the heat and mass transfer analogy (Colburn analogy) at the bubble surface transfer layers.
With the use of Thome’s concept of boiling range, an approximate method is derived to
realize the calculation. The predicted results by this method are in good agreement with
the experimental data from different sources.

In this work, mass transfer mechanism was studied for 50%TBP( in kerosene)-Phenol-Water as
the working system in different hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber modules. The effect of
different operating conditions on the removal of phenol was analyzed. Solvent entrainment
in this process was detected with MALVERN-2600 laser pellet diameter analyzed equipment.
Experimental results indicated the mass transfer coefficient increased as well as the two
phase flow rates are raised. With increases in the flow rate of the water phase, the
removal ratio of phenol will be decreased. Highly effective removal of phenol could be
reached by changing the experimental conditions and the module configuration. The solvent
entrainment in the water phase in the membrane extraction process was found to be 5-8% of
that in conventional liquid -liquid extraction process. Thus, solvent pollution could be
better controlled.

A kinetic model has been developed for the degradation of organic pollutants concerning
with hydroperoxide ion as the initial step for generation of hydroxyl radical and its
subsequent reaction mechanisms. Rate equations were derived for depletion of ozone and
pollutants in the peroxone oxidation process using ozone and hydrogen peroxide as combined
oxidants. Kinetic data obtained experimentally from the hydrogen peroxide-ozone reaction
and peroxone oxidation of nitrobenzene were analyzed by using the proposed rate equations.

Heat transfer coefficients between an immersed horizontal tube and an aerated vibrated
fluidized bed are measured. There is a maximum value in the h-G experimental curve. The
heat transfer coefficient increases with decrease in particle diameter in the fully
fluidized region. The particle density has less effect on the heat transfer coefficients.
High amplitude and low frequency, or low amplitude and high frequency are favorable to heat
transfer. Exceedingly high gas velocity is unfavorable to the surface-bed heat transfer. A
model based on the “pocket” theory was proposed for predicting the surface-to-bed heat
transfer coefficients in fully fluidized region. The predictions from the model were
compared with observed data. The reasonable fit suggests the adequacy of the model.

The distribution of heat duties among individual separation subsystems and other aspects of
heat integration in such systems are reviewed. Heat integration for different separation
processes is investigated, using the pinch point method. Such a study will provide
theoretical guide lines for the proper choice of a desirable separation process.

The extraction of cadmium and zinc with di-(2-ethylhexyl)-dithiophosphoric acid (D2EHDTPA)
-toluene and D2EHDTPA-triocty amine (TOA)-toluene has been investigated. Infrared spectrum
analysis, the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR) analysis and conductivity
measurements confirm that the probable structures of the extracted complexes are CdA2 and
ZnA2. Cadmium can be extracted by D2EHDTPA very easily. Almost all the cadmium can be
extracted, but stripping of cadmium from the organic phase is very difficult. When a
mixture of D2EHDTPA and TOA is used, selective extraction of cadmium from zinc sulfate
solution can be achieved. Cadmium can be easily stripped from the organic phase.

A new technique was developed for the integrated processing of cell disruption and aqueous
two-phase extraction in a high-speed bead mill to separate intracellular proteins from
microbial cells. The process was named as simultaneous cell disruption and aqueous two-
phase extraction (SDATE). Advantages, such as, high cell disruption efficiency, biochemical
activities preserved of the proteins, cell debris elimination, and prelimiary purification
of the target protein were being claimed. When this technique was employed in isolating
recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor (rhTNF) from E.coli, overall protein concentration and
TNF activity were found to have been increased. More than 95% of TNF was partitioned into
the top phase and all the cell debris were in the bottom phase. The partition coefficient
was greater than 3 and the TNF purification factor was greater than 6. It is shown that
less separation steps were being utilized in the new technique, meaning a reduction in
separation time and less process extractors required.

Detachment size determination with an acoustic method has been carried out for two
interacting bubble plumes formed at neighboring needles in quiescent water. Two sets of
needle pairs, one with 1.5mm and 0.8mm inner diameters and the other with the equal 1.5mm
inner diameters, were separately used as the bubble pair injectors in the experiments.
Consequently, four typical patterns of bubble plumes interaction could be observed in the
two cases of needle pair matches. Through measuring the pressure pulses radiated by the
bubble pairs immediately after their "pinching-off " and by making use of a sophisticated
relation between oscillation frequency of volume mode and radius of gas bubble, the
detachment size of the bubble plumes have been determined from the amplitude/frequency
spectrum of the sound pressure pulses. The experimental results demonstrate that the
acoustical method is valid in both of the interacting and non-interacting circumstances in
bubble field and the bubble size measurements by this acoustical method agrees well with
the measurements from photographic analysis. Finally, a comparison has been made on the
strong and weak points of the acoustical method with the other size determination methods.

A new general equation of state is presented, which can be used to express not only common
cubic equations of state, but also quartic equations of state and so on. Main advantage of
the new equation over the previous general equations is that it is in simple form, and is
easy to manipulate mathematically.

Isoplethic VLE data for the systems benzene-hexane at 9 different compositions in the
temperature range from 298K to 331K, chloroform-benzene at 11 different compositions in the
temperature range from 308K to 350K and chloroform-hexane at 9 different compositions in
the temperature range from 311K to 337K were determined by using an inclined ebulliometer
with a pump-like stirrer. Isothermal and isobaric VLE were calculated from the isoplethic
results with a extended UNIQUAC equation and these data agree well with the literature
data.