The Anderson-Prausnitz equation of state has been improved by modifying the attractive term of the generalized van der Waals canonical partition function.In this modification, the parameter characterizing the intermolecular attractive forces is considered to depend not only on temperature but also on density.By this new equation of state the calculated results for pressure and fugacity coefficient of pure gases have slightly better accuracy than those by the original Anderson-Prausnitz equation, and those for saturated vapor pressure are in good agreement with observed results.

An approach for estimating the ignition temperature of adiabatic fixed-bed reactors is suggested. A phase plane of dimensionless temperature and dimensionless concentration is used to show both the ignition and extinction curves of a single catalyst pellet. The trajectory, i. e., the operating line of the reactor, which shows the progress of the chemical reaction, is always a straight line with a slope of —45°. Ignition occurs as the trajectory touches the ignition curve.A simple method is recommended to predict the critical gas inlet temperature which causes reactor ignition without recourse to determining the reaction kinetics. All reactions can be assumed to be of zeroorder.. This assumption introduces negligible error but considerably simplifies the experimental work.

One-dimensional heterogeneous model has been used for studying steady-state temperature profiles in adiabatic fixed-bed reactors.Since high temperature zone is determined by the temperature profile in the reactor, it is obviously of primary importance to study the effects affecting the steady-state temperature profiles. This paper shows how heat conductance of the packed catalysts, gas mixture and the reactor wall affect the temperature profile, and, a numerical example is given for illustration. It is indicated that the heat conductance of the laboratoryscale reactor wall is considerable and its effect is not negligible during scaling-up.

Areas for gas flow vary as a function of radial position in radial flow reactors, which brings about different behavior of ignition and extinction than that in axial flow reactors. This paper studies the ignition and steady state temperature profiles in both centrifugal and centripetal flow reactors and a numerical example is given.

By means of high-speed photography and optical-fiber probe, the effect of nucleation cavity size and cavity density on the bubble departure diameter and frequency has been investigated. The enhanced heating surface employed has artificial nucleation sites arranged regularly.Based on the analysis of the various forces exerted on the vapor bubble, a mathmatical model has been developed for correlating bubble departure diameter and frequency with the surface geometry and the degree of superheat.Experimental data has confirmed the availability of the model presented.

A new comprehensive physical model for nucleate boiling heat transfer on surfaces with artificial nucleation sites has been proposed. Good agreement with experimental results has shown the applicability of the model.

A rotating disk contactor (RDC) with perforated disks was employed for liquid membrane separation. Hydrodynamic characteristics and rate of mass transfer in the contactor were studied. Experimental results indicated that the rotating perforated disks contributed tremendously to liquid-liquid dispersion as well as to the rate of mass transfer. It is claimed, therefore, that contactors equiped with perforated disks is well adaptable to the continuous processing of liquid membrane separations

In this paper, the mass transfer for non-Newtonian liquid has been studied in a dripping plate column fitted with perforated trays. The rate of evaporation of polymer solution in the column was measured and correlated. It was found that temperature, presure, mass flow rate and the non-Newtonian behavior of the solution are the significant factors having effects on mass transfer.

A double cathode composed of a Ni screen cathode and a porous gas diffusion oxygen cathode with a porous diaphragm in between was constructed for the purpose of measuring the loss of current efficiency in an electrolytic cell for chlorate production. With this device the cathodic side reactions, i. e. reduction of ClO~-, HClO, etc., have been investigated, revealing the dependence of the loss of efficiency on the concentration of NaClO_3, the pH of the electrolytic solution and the presence of Na_2Cr_2O_7. The suggested method can also be applied to studying the side reactions and the loss of efficiency for the alkalichlorine cell and the electrolytic production of BrO_3~-, IO_3~-, ClO_4~-, etc.

Investigations of the transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization were conducted in a gas-solid fluidized bed using on-line computer analysis of pressure fluctuation. In order to study the effects of density and size of the particles as well as bed geometry on the transition, a series of experiments were performed. A correlation was obtained for the flow pattern transition velocity, U_C. Besides, it has been found that the Geldart’s classification of particles also predicts flow pattern transition.

Based on large amount of literature work, the simulation program system of pulverized coal gasification on an entrained bed has been set up, and an improved method for calculating inner wall surface temperature has been worked out, in which the finite element method affiliated with the reactor simulation program provides an accurate method to calculate the wall temperature distribution and heat loss, and hence the flexibility of the simulation program system has been improved.

A very serious problem of instability that arises in the vertical thermosyphon reboilers can be solved by a newly developed equipment called internal thermosyphon reboiler. Experiments were carried out in both quartz tube and copper tube with the same geometrical dimensions. The former allowed better visual observation and the latter gave more quantitative informations. Water, sulfuric acid, triethanol-amine, heavy oil, ethanol-water, methanol-ethanol, ethanol-propanol and some other mixtures were used as working media. Particles of polypropene with density very close to water were used as the tracer in water system for investigating the flow characteristics. Rate of circulation, flow patterns, rate of heat transfer and fouling in this equipment were studied. A flow model and a design method were proposed. The results calculated could predict the characteristics of two-phase flow and heat transfer inside this boiling equipment.