The range of application of the equation of state proposed by Martin and Hou for gases was extendedinto liquid region.The improvement was achieved by retaining the constant,B_,in the original equation,namelyP=(RT)/(V-b)+(A_2+B_2T+C_2e~(-5.475))T_r+(A_3+B_3T+C_3e~(-5·475))T_r+(A_4+B_4T)/(V-b)~4+(B_5T/(V-B)~5)and imposing the condition,PdV=P_0(V_v-V_l),on the equation.The constant,B_4,was then evaluatedfor a given compound.The calculated values of the saturated liquid molar volumes for carbon dioxide,normal butane,argon,methane and nitrogen,were compared with the data reported,in the reduced temperature rangefrom about 0.65 to 1.0.The average deviation was less than 5% in each case,without loss of accuracyin gaseous region.Furthermore,no additional data were required for evaluation of the constants of theimproved equation.

Experimental study of flow pattern and liquid velocity distribution by the tracer technique in a twometers diameter single pass sieve half-tray using air-water system reveals that there exists a highlynonideal flowing behavior.Typical residence time distribution curves covering the whole tray are presented,from which four flow regions can be observed: a main channelling region of nonuniform flow,a slowly forward flow region in the segmental area,a small region of backward flow and a complete-mixing region next to the inlet weir.The tray models available in literature seem incapable to simulateall these complicated hydrodynamic phenomena in a large tray.An eddy diffusion model with consideration of nonuniform liquid velocity field has been developedfrom the basic partial differential equation of mass transfer by introducing a velocity distributionfunction j.The nonlinear partial differential equation is solved by the method of finite element.Acomputer program is compiled according to this method to compute numerically the concentration pro-files in the whole tray as well as the Murphree tray efficiency enhancement under various operatingconditions.Typical computed results are presented and discussed.

A new mathematical model of mixing pool type is proposed for simulating the fluid flow and masstransfer behavior on a large tray.In the proposed model,the whole tray is divided into a number ofsquare (or rectangular)compartments or mixing pools,each of which is assigned to have adjustableflow and baekmixing in both z (along the main flow path) and w(perpendicular to the main flow path)directions.The chief features of present model are: (1) It is two dimensional model instead of usualone dimensional so that more complicated actual flowing condition obtained from hydrodynamic studyon a large tray can be closely simulated by adjusting the flow among mixing pools in both z and wdirections.(2) Since backmixing is taken into account,the number of mixing pools on a tray is fixedinstead of varied as in conventional mixing pool model; thus,the application of matrix computation ispossible.(3) The present model can be reduced to other tray models depending on the number of mixingpools to be chosen in each direction.The application of present model to predict the liquid phase concentration profiles and Murphreeefficiency enhancement on a large tray with complicated flow pattern and velocity distribution as we-observe in our experimental study are demonstrated.The effects of liquid flow rate,nonuniform veloc-.ity field,directional splashing and subsidiary flow are also investigated and discussed.

The viscosity data of 61 gaseous substances under normal pressure are critically assessed.The datacollected were published either in the years from 1967 to 1979 for the fifty of the substances or from1960 to 1966 for the others.The mathematical expressions used in the literature for correlating viscositydata of gaseous substances with temperature are reviewed,systematized and selected to correlate thedata assessed.The constants of the selected correlations are determined by the method of least squareswith a digital computer.The values of viscosity calculated by these correlations are then compared withthe experimental measurements.For the four-constants correlations,η=A_0+A_1T+A_2T~2+A_3T~3(Ⅰ) and lnη=A_0+B_0lnT+B_1/T+B_2/T~2(Ⅱ),the overall per cent deviations are 0.160 and 0.157 respectively.Equation(Ⅰ) is recommended for simplicity of calculation.The two-constants correlations,η-KT~(3/2)/(C+T)(Ⅲ),η=A_0+A_1T(Ⅳ) and η=aT~n(Ⅴ) have nearly the same accuracy of estimating viscosity values.Equation(Ⅳ) is simple for use and equation (Ⅲ) can correlate data of wider temperature range with an overallper cent deviation of 0,460.

Reactive disperse dyes of either monoazo or anthraquinone types containing the β-sulphated hydroxy-ethyl sulphonyl group were synthesized and their dyeing properties investigated.These dyes possessed thetriple characteristics of acid,reactive and disperse dyes in dyeing polyamide fibres.The formation ofcovalent bond between the reactive group and nylon fibre was proved and discussed.

A range of reactive disperse dyes for polyester-cotton blends was devised and applied to the blendfabrics by thermosol process.The fixation of such dyes on the respective fibres of the blend was foundto be in two entirely different manners.

Carbon deposition and catalyst deactivation of Sb-Fe oxide catalyst in the ammoxidation of propylenewere investigated by means of a fluidized-bed reactor.The reactivity,surface acidity,specific surfacearea,average pore radius,and electron spin resonance spectrum data were obtained from the catalysts ofincreasing carbon deposition.Chemisorption of oxygen and propylene and thermal programmed desorptionof propylene were carried out on the Sb-Fe oxide catalyst as well as a commercial one,Mo-Bi.Isotopicexperiment using acrylonitrile-2-~(14)C as tracer was also accomplished.It was found that carbon deposition due to intermediates and acrylonitrile on selective oxidation sitescould be the primary reason for catalyst deactivation,and that because of the Sb-Fe oxide catalytspossessing a property of easy reduction and difficult reoxidation,the structure of the FeSbO_4 would bedecomposed under the oxygen-lean condition into Sb_2O_3 and Fe_2O_3 which form the deep oxidation catalystcomponent.According to the above investigation a suggestion for improving catalyst properties has been proposed.

A stimulus-response technique is used to determine particle-to-fluid heat transfer coefficient inpacked bed.The input signal is a one-shot thermal shock of arbitrary shape.Based on the D-C model,aFourier analysis method is applied.The result shows that in the laminar flow regime the Nusselt numberof particle-to-fluid heat transfer does not decrease appreciably with decrease in Reynolds number.

When solid particles react with a fluid,the overall rate is influened by the fraction of the solidunconverted as well as by the operating conditions such as temperature and pressure.Calculation of solidsconversion in the individual reactor of a multi-stage reactor system has therefore to be based upon thesolids residence time distribution (RTD) in the respective stages.By using either the Dirac function δ(0) or the probability density function of the sum of independentrandom variables,the solids RTD in any stage of completely mixed reactors connected in series with nointerstage backflow has been obtained.The latter method has also been used in deriving general formu-las for the calculation of solids conversion when the order of chemical reaction is simple.For complexchemical reaction rate equations a stagewise procedure for numerical computation is proposed,and twocases are discussed according to whether the rate equation is expressed in its integral or differential formrespectively.

Four well-known activity coefficient models (Wilson,NRTL,McCann and UNIFAC),coupled withvirial equation and tridiagonal matrix method,have been applied to the vigorous computation of variousnon-ideal distillation processes.The NIDISTL program developed by authors has been tested for 33 distil-lation systems,with more than one hundred calculations performed.18 sets of binary vapor-liquid equilibrium data were chosen for the parallel comparison of these activ-ity coefficient models,each set was fitted to Wilson,NRTL,and McCann equations respectively by us-ing nonlinear least square technique.The binary parameters so determined were used to predict the bubblepoint equilibrium data of 18 binary and 8 derived multicomponent systems.The predictions of four mod-els were compared with experimental data.Five examples were presented to illustrate the consistency of distillation calculation results using dif-ferent coefficient models.

Experimental studies of emulsion and suspensoon polymerization of styrene at 50~C are reported.Amathematical model for a batch emulsion polymerization in a unbaffled reactor with stirrer is proposed.This model allows for not only the effect of adsorption of the emulsifier onto the monomer droplets butalso the gel-effect.Data from the suspension polymerization tests are used to determine the relationshipbetween K_t and X_p Conclusion of these data in the model provided a good prediction of the number andsize of the latex particles and the conversion rate over most of the conversion range.