Chalcocite (bio)hydrometallurgy—current state, mechanism, and future directions: A review

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2021.12.014

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 109-120.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.12.014

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Chalcocite (bio)hydrometallurgy—current state, mechanism, and future directions: A review

Shichao Yu^1,2, Rui Liao^1,2, Baojun Yang^1,2, Chaojun Fang^2,3, Zhentang Wang^1,4, Yuling Liu^1,2, Baiqiang Wu^1,2, Jun Wang^1,2, Guanzhou Qiu^1,2

1 School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2 Key Lab of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China;
3 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China;
4 Wanbao Mining Ltd., Beijing 100053, China

Received:2021-06-30 Revised:2021-12-09 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-01-28
Contact: Jun Wang,E-mail address:wjwq2000@126.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1932129, 51774332, 51934009 and 52004086), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 2018JJ1041), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University (Nos. 2021zzts0301 and 2021zzts0299), and authors of this manuscript.

Chalcocite (bio)hydrometallurgy—current state, mechanism, and future directions: A review

Shichao Yu^1,2, Rui Liao^1,2, Baojun Yang^1,2, Chaojun Fang^2,3, Zhentang Wang^1,4, Yuling Liu^1,2, Baiqiang Wu^1,2, Jun Wang^1,2, Guanzhou Qiu^1,2

1 School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2 Key Lab of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China;
3 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China;
4 Wanbao Mining Ltd., Beijing 100053, China

通讯作者: Jun Wang,E-mail address:wjwq2000@126.com
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1932129, 51774332, 51934009 and 52004086), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 2018JJ1041), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University (Nos. 2021zzts0301 and 2021zzts0299), and authors of this manuscript.

Abstract

Abstract: There has been a strong interest in technologies suited for mining and processing of low-grade ores because of the rapid depletion of mineral resources in the world. In most cases, the extraction of copper from such raw materials is achieved by applying the leaching procedures. However, its low extraction efficiency and the long extraction period limit its large-scale commercial applications in copper recovery, even though bioleaching has been widely employed commercially for heap and dump bioleaching of secondary copper sulfide ores. Overcoming the technical challenges requires a better understanding of leaching kinetics and on-site microbial activities. Herein, this paper reviews the current status of main commercial biomining operations around the world, identifies factors that affect chalcocite dissolution both in chemical leaching and bioleaching, summarizes the related kinetic research, and concludes with a discussion of two on-site chalcocite heap leaching practices. Further, the challenges and innovations for the future development of chalcocite hydrometallurgy are presented in the end.

Key words: Chalcocite, Bioleaching, Heap leaching, Kinetics, Copper sulfides, Hydrometallurgy

摘要： There has been a strong interest in technologies suited for mining and processing of low-grade ores because of the rapid depletion of mineral resources in the world. In most cases, the extraction of copper from such raw materials is achieved by applying the leaching procedures. However, its low extraction efficiency and the long extraction period limit its large-scale commercial applications in copper recovery, even though bioleaching has been widely employed commercially for heap and dump bioleaching of secondary copper sulfide ores. Overcoming the technical challenges requires a better understanding of leaching kinetics and on-site microbial activities. Herein, this paper reviews the current status of main commercial biomining operations around the world, identifies factors that affect chalcocite dissolution both in chemical leaching and bioleaching, summarizes the related kinetic research, and concludes with a discussion of two on-site chalcocite heap leaching practices. Further, the challenges and innovations for the future development of chalcocite hydrometallurgy are presented in the end.

关键词: Chalcocite, Bioleaching, Heap leaching, Kinetics, Copper sulfides, Hydrometallurgy

Shichao Yu, Rui Liao, Baojun Yang, Chaojun Fang, Zhentang Wang, Yuling Liu, Baiqiang Wu, Jun Wang, Guanzhou Qiu. Chalcocite (bio)hydrometallurgy—current state, mechanism, and future directions: A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 41(1): 109-120.

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Chalcocite (bio)hydrometallurgy—current state, mechanism, and future directions: A review

Chalcocite (bio)hydrometallurgy—current state, mechanism, and future directions: A review

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