Liquid phase equilibrium of phenol extraction from bio-oil produced by biomass pyrolysis using thermodynamic models

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2018.08.011

Abstract

Abstract: Utilization of biomass as a new and renewable energy source is being actively conducted by various parties. One of the technologies for utilizing or converting biomass as an energy source is pyrolysis, to convert biomass into a more valuable product which is bio-oil. Bio-oil is a condensed liquid from the vapor phase of biomass pyrolysis such as coconut shells and coffee shells. Biomass composition consisting of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin will oxidize to phenol which is the main content in bio-oil. The total phenolic compounds contained in bio-oil are 47.03% (coconut shell) and 45% (coffee shell). The content of phenol compounds in corrosive bio-oils still quite high, the use of this bio-oil directly will cause various difficulties in the combustion system due to high viscosity, low calorific value, corrosivity, and instability. Phenol compounds have some benefits as one of the compounds for floor cleaners and disinfectants which are contained in bio-oil. The correlation between experimental data and calculations shows that the UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) equilibrium model can be used to predict the liquid-liquid equilibrium in the phenol extraction process of the coconut shell pyrolysis bio-oil. While the Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) equilibrium model can be used to predict liquid-liquid equilibrium in the extraction process of phenol from bio-oil pyrolysis of coffee shells.

Key words: Biomass, Pyrolysis, Bio-oil, UNIFAC, NRTL

摘要： Utilization of biomass as a new and renewable energy source is being actively conducted by various parties. One of the technologies for utilizing or converting biomass as an energy source is pyrolysis, to convert biomass into a more valuable product which is bio-oil. Bio-oil is a condensed liquid from the vapor phase of biomass pyrolysis such as coconut shells and coffee shells. Biomass composition consisting of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin will oxidize to phenol which is the main content in bio-oil. The total phenolic compounds contained in bio-oil are 47.03% (coconut shell) and 45% (coffee shell). The content of phenol compounds in corrosive bio-oils still quite high, the use of this bio-oil directly will cause various difficulties in the combustion system due to high viscosity, low calorific value, corrosivity, and instability. Phenol compounds have some benefits as one of the compounds for floor cleaners and disinfectants which are contained in bio-oil. The correlation between experimental data and calculations shows that the UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) equilibrium model can be used to predict the liquid-liquid equilibrium in the phenol extraction process of the coconut shell pyrolysis bio-oil. While the Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) equilibrium model can be used to predict liquid-liquid equilibrium in the extraction process of phenol from bio-oil pyrolysis of coffee shells.

关键词: Biomass, Pyrolysis, Bio-oil, UNIFAC, NRTL

Dewi Selvia Fardhyanti, Bayu Triwibowo, Heri Istanto, Muhammad Khusni Anajib, Amalia Larasati, Windy Oktaviani. Liquid phase equilibrium of phenol extraction from bio-oil produced by biomass pyrolysis using thermodynamic models[J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2019, 27(2): 391-399.

References

[1] N. Sriram, Renewable Biomass Energy, Illions Institute of Technology, Chicago, 2005.

[2] I. Demiral, A. Eryazici, S. Sensoz, Bio-oil production from pyrolysis of corncob (Zea mays L.), Biomass Bioenergy 36(2012) 43-49.

[3] M. Bertero, G. de la Puente, U. Sedran, Fuels from bio-oils:Bio-oil production from different residual sources, characterization and thermal conditioning, Fuel 95(2012) 263-271.

[4] V.C. Pandey, K. Singh, J.S. Singh, A. Kumar, B. Singh, R.P. Singh, Jatropha curcas:A potential bio-fuel plant for sustainable environmental development, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 16(2012) 2870-2883.

[5] C.J. Ellens, R.C. Brown, Optimization of a free-fall reactor for production of fast pyrolysis bio-oil, Bioresour. Technol. 103(2012) 374-380.

[6] S. Ismadji, Kulit durian sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bio-oil:sumber energi terbarukan, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Soebardjo Brotohardjono I, Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN Veteran Jawa Timur 2012, pp. 1-4.

[7] W.T. Tsai, M.K. Lee, Y.M. Chang, Fast pyrolysis of rice straw, sugarcane bagasse and coconut shell in an induction-heating reactor, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 76(2006) 230-237.

[8] C.E. Wyman, Potential synergies and challenges in refining cellulosic biomass to fuels, Biotechnol. Prog. 19(2) (2010) 254-262.

[9] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Produksi Buah Kelapa di Indonesia, 2016.

[10] Joardder, Pyrolysis of Coconut Shell for Bio-oil, PhD Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Bangladesh, 2011.

[11] D. Tamado, E. Budi, R. Wirawan, H. Dwi, A. Tyaswuri, E. Sulistiani, E. Asma, Sifat termal karbon aktif berbahan arang tempurung kelapa. Seminar Nasional Fisika Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 2013.

[12] S. Wang, High Efficiency Separation of Bio-Oil, InTech, 2013.

[13] Fitriani Kasim, A.N. Fitrah, E. Hambali, Aplikasi asap cair pada lateks, J. PASTI 9(1) (2012) 28-34.

[14] A. Jazbinsek, G. Viktor, L.F. Zilnik, Isolation of Phenol and Phenolic Compounds from Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil of Forestry Residue, National Institute of Chemistry, Slovenia, 2008.

[15] S.V. Mantilla, A.M. Manrique, A. Gauthier-Maradei, Methodology for extraction of phenolic compounds of bio-oil from agricultural biomass wastes, Waste Biomass Valoriz 6(2015) 371-383.

[16] Dahlia, Pra rancangan pabrik pembuatan fenol dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan proses pirolisis dengan kapasitas produksi 10.000 ton/tahun, Departemen Teknik Kimia Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 2012.

[17] D.S Fardhyanti, W.B. Sediawan, P. Mulyono, Complex extraction of phenol, o-cresol, and p-cresol from model coal tar using methanol and acetone solutions, B. J. Appl. Sci. & Technol. 8(5) (2015) 427-436.

[18] J.M. Smith, H.C. Van Ness, M.M. Abbott, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, 5th edition Mc Graw Hill International Book Company, New York, 1996.

[19] D.S. Fardhyanti, W.B. Sediawan, P. Mulyono, Predicting the liquid phase equilibrium of multi-components extraction by thermodynamic models, Int. J. Thermodyn. 19(2) (2015) 110-119.