Evolution of copper nanowires through coalescing of copper nanoparticles induced by aliphatic amines and their electrical conductivities in polyester films

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2021.03.003

Abstract

Abstract: Copper nanowires were synthesized by the wet chemical reduction method using copper sulfate as the copper precursor, aliphatic amines (methylamine, ethanediamine, 1,2-propanediamine) as the inducing reagents, and hydrazine hydrate as the reductant through the aging and reduction processes. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images reveal that the copper nanowires were synthesized by coalescing extremely small-sized copper nanoparticles with the particle sizes of 1–6 nm in copper complex micelles. A longer aging time period favored the coalescing of the copper nanoparticles to form thinner copper nanowires in the following reduction process. The coalescing extent of copper nanoparticles in copper nanowires was highly enhanced by ethanediamine and 1,2-propanediamine as compared with that by methylamine. The copper nanowire-filled polyester films had higher electrical conductivity than the copper nanoparticle-filled ones.

Key words: Nanomaterials, Nanostructure, Electronic materials, Copper nanowires, Electrical conductivity, Polyester film

摘要： Copper nanowires were synthesized by the wet chemical reduction method using copper sulfate as the copper precursor, aliphatic amines (methylamine, ethanediamine, 1,2-propanediamine) as the inducing reagents, and hydrazine hydrate as the reductant through the aging and reduction processes. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images reveal that the copper nanowires were synthesized by coalescing extremely small-sized copper nanoparticles with the particle sizes of 1–6 nm in copper complex micelles. A longer aging time period favored the coalescing of the copper nanoparticles to form thinner copper nanowires in the following reduction process. The coalescing extent of copper nanoparticles in copper nanowires was highly enhanced by ethanediamine and 1,2-propanediamine as compared with that by methylamine. The copper nanowire-filled polyester films had higher electrical conductivity than the copper nanoparticle-filled ones.

关键词: Nanomaterials, Nanostructure, Electronic materials, Copper nanowires, Electrical conductivity, Polyester film

Mingxia Tian, Aili Wang, Hengbo Yin. Evolution of copper nanowires through coalescing of copper nanoparticles induced by aliphatic amines and their electrical conductivities in polyester films[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 284-291.

References

[1] S. Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature 354(6348) (1991) 56-58
[2] J. Hu, T.W. Odom, C.M. Lieber, Chemistry and physics in one dimension:Synthesis and properties of nanowires and nanotubes, Acc. Chem. Res. 32(5) (1999) 435-445
[3] M.S. Choi, A. Mirzaei, J.H. Bang, H.G. Na, C. Jin, S.S. Kim, H.W. Kim, Incorporation of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of TeO₂-branched porous Si nanowire structures for enhanced room-temperature gas sensing, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 19(10) (2019) 6647-6655
[4] Y. Zhao, L. Yang, C. Liu, Q. Zhang, Y. Chen, J. Yang, D. Li, Kink effects on thermal transport in silicon nanowires, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 137 (2019) 573-578
[5] B.C. Giordano, D.C. Ratchford, K.J. Johnson, P.E. Pehrsson, Silicon nanowire arrays for the preconcentration and separation oftrace explosives vapors, J. Chromatogr. A 1597 (2019) 54-62
[6] M.Z. Asadzadeh, A. Köck, M. Popov, S. Steinhauer, J. Spitaler, L. Romaner, Response modeling of single SnO₂ nanowire gas sensors, Sensor Actuat. B-Chem. 295 (2019) 22-29
[7] L. Lian, D. Dong, H. Wang, G. He, Highly reliable copper nanowire electrode with enhanced transmittance and robustness for organic light emitting diodes, Org. Electron. 65 (2019) 70-76
[8] W. Na, J. Lee, J. Jun, W. Kim, Y.K. Kim, J. Jang, Highly sensitive copper nanowire conductive electrode for nonenzymatic glucose detection, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 69 (2019) 358-363
[9] Q. He, Z. Jin, X. Li, Y. Lin, J. Ji, X. Yang, Q. Meng, P. Dong, Y. Zhang, M. Xu, Controllable synthesis and characterization of AuPd nanowire networks with high electrocatalytic performance, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 19(9) (2019) 5900-5905
[10] J.S. Riva, A.V. Juárez, S.E. Urreta, L.M. Yudi, Catalytic properties of Fe-Pd ferromagnetic nanowires at liquid/liquid interfaces, Electrochim. Acta 298 (2019) 379-388
[11] Y. Cai, X. Piao, X. Yao, E. Nie, Z. Zhang, Z. Sun, A facile method to prepare silver nanowire transparent conductive film for heaters, Mater. Lett. 249 (2019) 66-69
[12] C.-M. Lai, T.-L. Kao, H.-Y. Tuan, Si nanowires/Cu nanowires bilayer fabric as a lithium ion capacitor anode with excellent performance, J. Power Sources 379 (2018) 261-269
[13] K. Hua, X. Li, R. Bao, D. Fang, M. Jiang, J. Yi, Z. Luo, Y. Shu, B. Sun, Electrochemical performance of silver vanadate/silver nanowire composite for lithium-ion batteries, Solid State Ionics 325 (2018) 133-140
[14] A.M. Stortini, S. Fabris, G. Saorin, E.V. Falzacappa, L.M. Moretto, P. Ugo, Plasma activation of copper nanowires arrays for electrocatalytic sensing of nitrate in food and water, Nanomaterials 9(2) (2019) 150
[15] C. Gao, S. Fan, S. Zhang, P. Zhang, Q. Wang, Enhancement of tribofilm formation from water lubricated PEEK composites by copper nanowires, Appl. Surf. Sci. 444 (2018) 364-376
[16] J. Huang, H. Wang, B. Liang, U.J. Etim, Y. Liu,, Y. Li, Z. Yan, Oriented freeze-casting fabrication of resilient copper nanowire-based aerogel as robust piezoresistive sensor, Chem. Eng. J. 364 (2019) 28-36
[17] G. Sánchez-Sanhueza, S. Rebolledo, J. López, M. Encalada, H. Bello-Toledo, D. Rojas, C. Medinam, M.F. Melendrez, Synthesis of copper nanowires and their antimicrobial activity on strains isolated persistent endodontic infections, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 18(7) (2018) 4507-4514
[18] D.V.R. Kumar, I. Kim, Z. Zhong, K. Kim, D. Lee, J. Moon, Cu(II)-alkyl amine complex mediated hydrothermal synthesis of Cu nanowires:exploring the dual role of alkyl amines, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16(40) (2014) 22107-22115
[19] L. Lu, Y. Shen, X. Chen, L. Qian, K. Lu, Ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity in copper, Science 304(5669) (2004) 422-426
[20] Y. Zheng, J. Sun, H. Ye, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, Crystallization behaviors and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube encapsulated copper nanowires, Comp. Mater. Sci. 143 (2018) 350-359
[21] D.V.R. Kumar, K. Woo, J. Moon, Promising wet chemical strategies to synthesize Cu nanowires for emerging electronic applications, Nanoscale 7(41) (2015) 17195-17210
[22] A.R. Rathmell, B.J. Wiley, The synthesis and coating of long, thin copper nanowires to make flexible, transparent conducting films on plastic substrates, Adv. Mater. 23(41) (2011) 4798-4803
[23] A.R. Alian, Y. Ju, S.A. Meguid, Comprehensive atomistic modeling of copper nanowires-based surface connectors, Mater. Design 175 (2019) 107812
[24] S. Ding, Y.Tian, J. Jiu, K. Suganuma, Highly conductive and transparent copper nanowire electrodes on surface coated flexible and heat-sensitive substrates, RSC Adv. 8(4) (2018) 2109-2115
[25] Q. Lonne, J. Endrino, Z. Huang, UV treatment of flexible copper nanowire mesh films for transparent conductor applications, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 12(1) (2017) 577
[26] M.E.T. Molares, E.M. Höhberger, Ch. Schaeflein, R.H. Blick, R. Neumann, C. Trautmann, Electrical characterization of electrochemically grown single copper nanowires, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(13) (2003) 2139-2141
[27] T. Gao, G. Meng, Y. Wang, S. Sun, L. Zhang, Electrochemical synthesis of copper nanowires, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 14(3) (2002) 355-363
[28] N.J. Gerein, J.A. Haber, Effect of ac electrodeposition conditions on the growth of high aspect ratio copper nanowires in porous aluminum oxide templates, J. Phys. Chem. B 109(37) (2005) 17372-17385
[29] T. Gao, G.W. Meng, J. Zhang, Y.W. Wang, C.H. Liang, J. C. Fan, L.D. Zhang, Template synthesis of single-crystal Cu nanowire arrays by electrodeposition, Appl. Phys. A 73(2) (2001) 251-254
[30] H. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Gao, Z. Gao, Y. Chen, High reproducibility and sensitivity of bifacial copper nanowire array for detection of glucose, Prog. Nat. Sci. 27(3) (2017) 311-315
[31] Y. Zhang, F.L.-Y. Lam, X. Hu, Z. Yan, P. Sheng, Fabrication of copper nanowire encapsulated in the pore channels of SBA-15 by metal organic chemical vapor deposition, J. Phys. Chem. C 111(34) (2007)12536-12541
[32] H. Choi, S.-H. Park, Seedless growth of free-standing copper nanowires by chemical vapor deposition, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126(20) (2004) 6248-6249
[33] C. Kim,W. Gu, M. Briceno, I.M. Robertson, H. Choi,K. Kim, Copper nanowires with a five-twinned structure grown by chemical vapor deposition, Adv. Mater. 20(10) (2008) 1859-1863
[34] C. Mayousse, C. Celle, A. Carella, J.-P. Simonato, Synthesis and purification of long copper nanowires. Application to high performance flexible transparent electrodes with and without PEDOT:PSS, Nano Res. 7(3) (2014) 315-324
[35] D. Tigan, S.P. Genlik, B. Imer, H.E. Unalan, Core/shell copper nanowire networks for transparent thin film heaters, Nanotechnol. 30 (2019) 325202
[36] Y. Shi, H. Li, L. Chen, X. Huang, Obtaining ultra-long copper nanowires via a hydrothermal process, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mat. 6(7) (2005) 761-765
[37] Y. Zhao, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Z. He,Z. Yan, Rapid and large-scale synthesis of Cu nanowires via a continuous flow solvothermal process and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), RSC Adv. 2(30) (2012) 11544-11551
[38] G.-Q. Ren, L. Wang, H.-J. Yu, Q.-Q. Liu, A.-G. Xiao, Q.-H. Tan, J.-H. Ding, Synthesis of copper nanowires in aqueous solution at ambient temperature, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. 27(2) (2009) 172-174
[39] F. Meng, S. Jin, The solution growth of copper nanowires and nanotubes is driven by screw dislocations, Nano Lett. 12(1) (2012) 234-239
[40] S. Ye, A.R. Rathmell, Y.-C. Ha, A.R. Wilson, B.J. Wiley, The role of cuprous oxide seeds in the one-pot and seeded syntheses of copper nanowires, Small 10(9) (2014) 1771-1778
[41] Y. Chang, M.L. Lye, H.C. Zeng, Large-scale synthesis of high-quality ultralong copper nanowires, Langmuir 21(9) (2005) 3746-3748
[42] Q.-Q. Fu, Y.-D. Li, H.-H. Li, L. Xu, Z.-H. Wang, S.-H. Yu, In situ seed-mediated high-yield synthesis of copper nanowires on large scale, Langmuir 35(12) (2019) 4364-4369
[43] A.R. Rathmell, S.M. Bergin, Y.-L. Hua, Z.-Y. Li, B.J. Wiley, The growth mechanism of copper nanowires and their properties in flexible, transparent conducting films, Adv. Mater. 22(32) (2010) 3558-3563
[44] J. Zhang, X. Li, D. Liu, S. Wang, J. Yan, M. Lu, X. Xie, L. Huang, W. Huang, Stirring revealed new functions of ethylenediamine and hydrazine in the morphology control of copper nanowires, Nanoscale 11(24) (2019) 11902-11909
[45] L. Yang, W. Chen, Y. Chen, W. Liu, T. Lei, L. Li, M. Lin, J. Wu, Y. Cao, W. Li, Y. Li, Copper(II) and cadmium(II) complexes based on N,N-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-(2-pyridylmethyl) amine ligand:Syntheses, structures, magnetic, and luminescent properties, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 638(11) (2012) 1833-1838
[46] P.F.P. Nascimento, E.L.B. Neto, J.E.S. Pereira, A.J.F. Silva, Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ adsorption mechanism by coconut husk powder with and without amine modification, J. Environ. Eng. 146(8) (2020) 04020076
[47] J.J. Recillas-Mota, M.J. Bernad-Bernad, J. Gracia-Mora, Histamine interaction with Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ porphyrins, Pharmazie 64(8) (2009) 521-524
[48] Y. Zhang, H. Wang, H. Jiang, X. Wang, Water induced protonation of amine-terminated micelles for direct syntheses of ZnO quantum dots and their cytotoxicity towards cancer, Nanoscale 4(11) (2012) 3530-3535