Continuous production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a column reactor packed with calcined sodium silicate base catalyst

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2015.11.006

Chin.J.Chem.Eng. ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 499-505.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2015.11.006

Previous Articles Next Articles

Continuous production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a column reactor packed with calcined sodium silicate base catalyst

Xia Gui, Sichen Chen, Zhi Yun

College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China

Received:2015-06-01 Revised:2015-10-31 Online:2016-05-27 Published:2016-04-28
Contact: Zhi Yun
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21306088), National Key Technologies R & D Program of China (2015BAD15B07), State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (SKL-ChE-13A01, Tsinghua University, China) and Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD, China).

Continuous production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a column reactor packed with calcined sodium silicate base catalyst

Xia Gui, Sichen Chen, Zhi Yun

College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China

通讯作者: Zhi Yun
基金资助:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21306088), National Key Technologies R & D Program of China (2015BAD15B07), State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (SKL-ChE-13A01, Tsinghua University, China) and Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD, China).

Abstract

Abstract: Sodium silicate and that calcined at 400℃ for 2 h were used to catalyze the transesterification of cottonseed oil with methanol. Calcined sodium silicate (CSS) catalyst exhibited much higher catalytic activity and stability. A maximum biodiesel yield of 98.9% was achieved at methanol/oil mole ratio of 12:1, reaction temperature 65℃, reaction time 3.0 h, and CSS/oil mass ratio of 2 wt%. After 7 consecutive reactions without any treatment, biodiesel yield reduced to 82.5%. Considering technological and economic feasibility, CSS base catalyst supported on θ rings was prepared for continuous transesterification. The maximum yield was 99.1% under optimum conditions (reaction temperature 55℃,methanol velocity 1 ml·min^-1, oil velocity 3ml·min^-1, and 5 tower sections). These results indicate that this newcontinuous biodiesel production process and apparatus present a great potential for industrial application in biodiesel.

Key words: Transesterification, Cottonseed oil, Calcined sodium silicate, Biodiesel, Sodium silicate, Continuous production

摘要： Sodium silicate and that calcined at 400℃ for 2 h were used to catalyze the transesterification of cottonseed oil with methanol. Calcined sodium silicate (CSS) catalyst exhibited much higher catalytic activity and stability. A maximum biodiesel yield of 98.9% was achieved at methanol/oil mole ratio of 12:1, reaction temperature 65℃, reaction time 3.0 h, and CSS/oil mass ratio of 2 wt%. After 7 consecutive reactions without any treatment, biodiesel yield reduced to 82.5%. Considering technological and economic feasibility, CSS base catalyst supported on θ rings was prepared for continuous transesterification. The maximum yield was 99.1% under optimum conditions (reaction temperature 55℃,methanol velocity 1 ml·min^-1, oil velocity 3ml·min^-1, and 5 tower sections). These results indicate that this newcontinuous biodiesel production process and apparatus present a great potential for industrial application in biodiesel.

关键词: Transesterification, Cottonseed oil, Calcined sodium silicate, Biodiesel, Sodium silicate, Continuous production

Xia Gui, Sichen Chen, Zhi Yun. Continuous production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a column reactor packed with calcined sodium silicate base catalyst[J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2016, 24(4): 499-505.

References

[1] A.F. Faria-Machado, M.A. da Silva, M.G.A. Vieira, M.M. Beppu, Epoxidation of modified natural plasticizer obtained from rice fatty acids and application on polyvinylchloride films, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 127(5) (2013) 3543-3549.

[2] H.C. Erythropel, M. Maric, D.G. Cooper, Designing green plasticizers: Influence of molecular geometry on biodegradation and plasticization properties, Chemosphere 86(2012) 759-766.

[3] U. Biermann, W. Friedt, S. Lang,W. Luhs, G.Machmuller, J.O.Metzger,M.R. Klaas, H.J. Schafer, M.P. Schneider, New syntheses with oils and fats as renewable raw materials for the chemical industry, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39(2000) 2206-2224.

[4] F.R. Ma, M.A. Hanna, Biodiesel production: A review, Bioresour. Technol. 70(1999) 1-15.

[5] A. Kawashima, K. Matsubara, K. Honda, Development of heterogeneous base catalysts for biodiesel production, Bioresour. Technol. 99(2008) 3439-3443.

[6] M.J. Ramos, A. Casas, L. Rodriguez, R. Romero, A. Perez, Transesterification of sunflower oil over zeolites using differentmetal loading: A case of leaching and agglomeration studies, Appl. Catal. A Gen. 346(2008) 79-85.

[7] C.V. McNeff, L.C. McNeff, B. Yan, D.T. Nowlan, M. Rasmussen, A.E. Gyberg, B.J. Krohn, R.L. Fedie, T.R. Hoye, A continuous catalytic system for biodiesel production, Appl. Catal. A Gen. 343(2008) 39-48.

[8] 'E. Leclercq, A. Finiels, C.Moreau, Transesterification of rapeseed oil in the presence of basic zeolites and related solid catalysts, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78(2001) 1161-1165.

[9] P.P. Joaquín, D. Isabel, M. Federico, S. Enrique, Selective synthesis of fatty monoglycerides by using functionalised mesoporous catalysts, Appl. Catal. A Gen. 254(2003) 173-188.

[10] D.E. Lopez, J.G. Goodwin, D.A. Bruce, E. Lotero, Transesterification of triacetin with methanol on solid acid and base catalysts, Appl. Catal. A Gen. 295(2005) 97-105.

[11] M.D. Machado, P.J. Perez, E. Sastre, D. Cardoso, Selective synthesis of glycerol monolaurate with zeoliticmolecular sieves, Appl. Catal. A Gen. 203(2000) 321-328.

[12] H. Kishida, F.M. Jin, Z.Y. Zhou, T.Moriya, H. Enomoto, Conversion of glycerin into lactic acid by alkaline hydrothermal reaction, Chem. Lett. 34(2005) 1560-1561.

[13] X. Deng, Z. Fang, Y.H. Liu, C.L. Yu, Production of biodiesel from Jatropha oil catalyzed by nanosized solid basic catalyst, Energy 36(2011) 777-784.

[14] C.W.Wang, X. Gui, Z. Yun, Esterification of lauric and oleic acids with methanol over oxidized and sulfonated activated carbon catalyst, React. Kinet. Mech. Catal. 113(2014) 211-223.

[15] L.C. Meher, M.G. Kulkarni, A.K. Dalai, S.N. Naik, Transesterification of karanja (Pongamia pinnata) oil by solid basic catalysts, J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 108(2006) 389-397.

[16] H.P. Zhu, Z.B. Wu, Y.X. Chen, P. Zhang, S.J. Duan, X.H. Liu, Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by solid super base of calciumoxide and its refining process, Chin. J. Catal. 27(2006) 391-396.

[17] X.J. Liu, H.Y. He, Y.J.Wang, S.L. Zhu, X. Piao, Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using CaO as a solid base catalyst, Fuel 87(2008) 216-221.

[18] X.J. Liu, X.L. Piao, Y.J.Wang, S.L. Zhu, H.Y. He, Calcium methoxide as a solid base catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel with methanol, Fuel 87(2008) 1076-1082.

[19] W.L. Xie, H. Peng, L.G. Chen, Calcined Mg-Al hydrotalcites as solid base cata or methanolysis of soybean oil, J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 246(2006) 24-32.

[20] D.L. Yun, F. Zhen, C.S. Tong, Y. Qing, Co-production of biodiesel and hydrogen from rapeseed and Jatropha oils with sodium silicate and Ni catalysts, Appl. Energy 113(2014) 1819-1825.

[21] G.J. Suppes, K. Bockwinkel, S. Lucasa, J.B. Botts, M.H. Mason, J.A. Heppert, Calcium carbonate catalyzed alcoholysis of fats and oils, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78(2001) 139-149.

[22] F. Guo, Z.G. Peng, J.Y. Dai, Z.L. Xiu, Calcined sodium silicate as solid base catalyst for biodiesel production, Fuel Process. Technol. 91(2010) 322-328.

[23] 'T. Selvam, B. Bandarapu, Hydrothermal transformation of a layered sodium silicate, kanemite, into zeolite Beta (BEA), Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 64(2003) 1387-1391.

[24] V.P. Sokolov, T.N. Shabalina, B.K. Nefedov, Influence of silica-containing rawmaterial on technology of NaY zeolite manufacture, Chem. Technol. Fuels Oils 23(1987) 5-6.

[25] V.A. Patrikeev, M.L. Pavlov, B.I. Kutepov, R.A. Makhamatkhanov, O.S. Travkina, A.L. Shestopal, Crystallization of X-type zeolite from concentrated sodium silicate and aluminate solutions, Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 80(2007) 502-504.

[26] 'A.N. Phan, T.M. Phan, Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils, Fuel 87(2008) 17-18.

[27] Q. Shu, Q. Zhang, G.H. Xu, Z.S. Nawaz, D.Z. Wang, J.F. Wang, Synthesis of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a carbon-based solid acid catalyst, Fuel Process. Technol. 90(2009) 1002-1008.

[28] 'C. Samart, P. Sreetongkittikul, C. Sookman, Heterogeneous catalysis of transesterification of soybean oil using KI/mesoporous silica, Fuel Process. Technol. 90(2009) 922-925.

[29] J.M.Marchetti, V.U.Miguel, A.F. Errazu, Heterogeneous esterification of oil with high amount of free fatty acids, Fuel 86(2007) 906-910.

[30] B. Achanai, C. Nattawut, L. Vorrada, R. Chao, C. Techit, K. Nanthakrit, Continuous process for biodiesel production in packed bed reactor from waste frying oil using potassiumhydroxide supported on jatropha curcas fruit shell as solid catalyst, Appl. Sci. 2(2012) 641-653.

Continuous production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a column reactor packed with calcined sodium silicate base catalyst

Continuous production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a column reactor packed with calcined sodium silicate base catalyst

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Tengjie Wang, Wenkai Li, Xuehui Ge, Ting Qiu, Xiaoda Wang. Kinetics measurement of ethylene-carbonate synthesis via a fast transesterification by microreactors [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 53(1): 243-250.
[2]	Xiaojiang Liang, Fengjiao Wu, Qinglong Xie, Zhenyu Wu, Jinjin Cai, Congwen Zheng, Junhong Fu, Yong Nie. Insights into biobased epoxidized fatty acid isobutyl esters from biodiesel: Preparation and application as plasticizer [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 41-50.
[3]	Qing Shu, Xinyuan Liu, Yanting Huo, Yuhui Tan, Caixia Zhang, Laixi Zou. Construction of a Brönsted-Lewis solid acid catalyst La-PW-SiO₂/SWCNTs based on electron withdrawing effect of La(III) on π bond of SWCNTs for biodiesel synthesis from esterification of oleic acid and methanol [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 351-362.
[4]	Saboura Ashkevarian, Jalil Badraghi, Fatemeh Mamashli, Behdad Delavari, Ali Akbar Saboury. Covalent immobilization and characterization of Rhizopus oryzae lipase on core-shell cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for biodiesel production [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 37(9): 128-136.
[5]	Chunxiao Zhang, Yingjie Li, Zhiguo Bian, Wan Zhang, Zeyan Wang. Simultaneous CO₂ capture and thermochemical heat storage by modified carbide slag in coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)₂ cycles [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 36(8): 76-85.
[6]	Sunita Malik, Poonam Jangra Darolia, S. K. Garg, V. K. Sharma. Densities and excess molar volumes of mixtures containing diesel, biodiesel and alkanols at temperatures from 288.15 to 313.15 K [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 34(6): 198-207.
[7]	P. Vignesh, A.R. Pradeep Kumar, N. Shankar Ganesh, V. Jayaseelan, K. Sudhakar. A review of conventional and renewable biodiesel production [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 40(12): 1-17.
[8]	Subbaiyan Naveen, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Rajagopal Malolan, Ramesh Sai Jayaraman, Krishnan Aakriti, Jayaseelan Arun. A solar reactor for bio-diesel production from Pongamia oil: Studies on transesterfication process parameters and energy efficiency [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 40(12): 218-224.
[9]	Xiaocheng Lin, Youjie Huang, Ling Li, Changshen Ye, Jie Chen, Ting Qiu. Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with high acid density: Tunable catalytic performance for biodiesel production [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 38(10): 266-275.
[10]	Harrson S. Santana, Alan C. Rodrigues, Mariana G. M. Lopes, Felipe N. Russo, Jo?o L. Silva Jr, Osvaldir P. Taranto. 3D printed millireactors for process intensification [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020, 28(1): 180-190.
[11]	Feng Wang, Yanfeng Pu, Jinhai Yang, Taiying Wang, Languang Chen, Ning Zhao, Fukui Xiao. Process design and economic optimization for the indirect synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from urea and methanol [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(8): 1879-1887.
[12]	Yuan Wang, Yang Xiao, Guomin Xiao. Sustainable value-added C₃ chemicals from glycerol transformations: A mini review for heterogeneous catalytic processes [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(7): 1536-1542.
[13]	Vlada B. Veljkovi?, Ana V. Veli?kovi?, Jelena M. Avramovi?, Olivera S. Stamenkovi?. Modeling of biodiesel production: Performance comparison of Box-Behnken, face central composite and full factorial design [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(7): 1690-1698.
[14]	Donglei Mao, Xingguang Zhang, Xiongfei Zhang, Mingmin Jia, Jianfeng Yao. Glucose-derived solid acids and their stability enhancement for upgrading biodiesel via esterification [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(5): 1067-1072.
[15]	Dan Liang, Yufeng Hu, Weiting Ma, Zhengtang Zhao, Siqi Jiang, Yichuan Wang, Xianming Zhang. Concentration of linoleic acid from cottonseed oil by starch complexation [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(4): 845-849.