Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with high acid density: Tunable catalytic performance for biodiesel production

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2021.04.006

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 266-275.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.04.006

• Materials and Product Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles

Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with high acid density: Tunable catalytic performance for biodiesel production

Xiaocheng Lin¹, Youjie Huang¹, Ling Li¹, Changshen Ye¹, Jie Chen^1,2, Ting Qiu¹

1. Engineering Research Center of Reaction Distillation, Fujian Province University, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China;
2. College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China

Received:2021-01-12 Revised:2021-04-08 Online:2021-12-02 Published:2021-10-28
Contact: Jie Chen, Ting Qiu
Supported by:
We acknowledged the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21878054), Project on the Integration of Industry and Education of Fujian Province (2018Y4008), Science and Technology Project of Fujian Educational Committee (JAT190051), Fuzhou University Testing Fund of precious apparatus (2020T008) and Research Initiation Funding of Fuzhou University (GXRC-19051). X. Lin also acknowledged the Award Program for Minjiang Scholar Professorship.

Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with high acid density: Tunable catalytic performance for biodiesel production

Xiaocheng Lin¹, Youjie Huang¹, Ling Li¹, Changshen Ye¹, Jie Chen^1,2, Ting Qiu¹

1. Engineering Research Center of Reaction Distillation, Fujian Province University, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China;
2. College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China

通讯作者: Jie Chen, Ting Qiu
基金资助:
We acknowledged the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21878054), Project on the Integration of Industry and Education of Fujian Province (2018Y4008), Science and Technology Project of Fujian Educational Committee (JAT190051), Fuzhou University Testing Fund of precious apparatus (2020T008) and Research Initiation Funding of Fuzhou University (GXRC-19051). X. Lin also acknowledged the Award Program for Minjiang Scholar Professorship.

Abstract

Abstract: A series of polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) used as effective heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production via esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) were effectively prepared by the reaction of poly (ethylene imine) (PEI) polymers with different molecular weight and 1,3-propanesultone, followed by the further acidification with differential effective acids, i.e. H₂SO₄, CF₃SO₃H, CH₃SO₃H or p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA). Ultrahigh acidity and catalytic performance were achieved and could be fine-tuned by simply adjusting the molecular weight of PEI and by further treatment of acids. Specifically, under the optimal conditions (i.e. reaction temperature was 70 ℃, reaction time was 2.0 h, catalyst dosage was 3.15% (mass), and alcohol/acid molar ratio was 14:1) acquired through the Box-BEHNKEN response surface methodology, a high oleic acid conversion of 98.42% could be obtained over the optimal PIL, PEI(70000)-PS-p-TSA. Additionally, our PILs also showed high generality for esterification of other FFAs, with general high conversion over 90% noted in each case even under much milder reaction conditions compared to other conventional catalysts.

Key words: Catalyst, Ionic liquids, Biodiesel, Poly (ethylene imine), Esterification

摘要： A series of polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) used as effective heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production via esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) were effectively prepared by the reaction of poly (ethylene imine) (PEI) polymers with different molecular weight and 1,3-propanesultone, followed by the further acidification with differential effective acids, i.e. H₂SO₄, CF₃SO₃H, CH₃SO₃H or p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA). Ultrahigh acidity and catalytic performance were achieved and could be fine-tuned by simply adjusting the molecular weight of PEI and by further treatment of acids. Specifically, under the optimal conditions (i.e. reaction temperature was 70 ℃, reaction time was 2.0 h, catalyst dosage was 3.15% (mass), and alcohol/acid molar ratio was 14:1) acquired through the Box-BEHNKEN response surface methodology, a high oleic acid conversion of 98.42% could be obtained over the optimal PIL, PEI(70000)-PS-p-TSA. Additionally, our PILs also showed high generality for esterification of other FFAs, with general high conversion over 90% noted in each case even under much milder reaction conditions compared to other conventional catalysts.

关键词: Catalyst, Ionic liquids, Biodiesel, Poly (ethylene imine), Esterification

Xiaocheng Lin, Youjie Huang, Ling Li, Changshen Ye, Jie Chen, Ting Qiu. Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with high acid density: Tunable catalytic performance for biodiesel production[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 38(10): 266-275.

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Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with high acid density: Tunable catalytic performance for biodiesel production

Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with high acid density: Tunable catalytic performance for biodiesel production

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