Potential aspect of rice husk biomass in Australia for nanocrystalline cellulose production

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2017.07.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was produced from rice husk biomass (Oryza sativa) by a chemical extraction process to explore the potential aspect of agro-waste biomass in Australia. In this work, the delignified rice husk pulp (D-RHP) was produced by alkaline delignification of raw rice husk biomass (R-RHB) using 4 mol·L^-1 alkali solutions (NaOH) in a jacketed glass reactor under specific experimental conditions. D-RHP was bleached using 15% sodium hypochlorite, and the bleached rice husk pulp was coded as B-RHP. Finally, raw suspension of NCC was produced by the acid hydrolysis of B-RHP using 4 mol·L^-1 sulphuric acid. The raw suspension of NCC was neutralized by a buffer solution and analyzed by TAPPI, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, AFM, and TEM. FT-IR spectra of NCC are different to R-RHB but similar with B-RHP and D-RHP. From XRD results, the crystallinity of NCC was found to be approximately 65%. In AFM analysis particle thicknesses have been confirmed to be in the range of (25 ±15.14) nm or (27 ±15.14) nm which is almost the same. From TEM analysis particle dimensions have been confirmed to be in the range of (50 ±29.38) nm width and (550 ±302.75) nm length with the aspect ratio~11:1 (length/diameter) at a 500 nm scale bar. On the other hand, at a 200 nm scale bar the particle dimensions have been confirmed to be in the range of (35 ±17) nm width and (275 ±151.38) nm length with the aspect ratio~8:1. The aspect ratio of individual crystalline domain was determined in TEM analysis which is 10:1 (100/10). Therefore the aspect ratios and dimensions of nanoparticles in NCC suspension are almost the same and in nano-meter scale, as confirmed from both AFM and TEM results. The yield of NCC from B-RHP was found to be approximately 95%, and the recovery of cellulose from R-RHB is about 90%.

关键词: Nanocrystalline cellulose, Rice husk, Agro-waste biomass, Delignification, Bleaching, Acid hydrolysis

Abstract: Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was produced from rice husk biomass (Oryza sativa) by a chemical extraction process to explore the potential aspect of agro-waste biomass in Australia. In this work, the delignified rice husk pulp (D-RHP) was produced by alkaline delignification of raw rice husk biomass (R-RHB) using 4 mol·L^-1 alkali solutions (NaOH) in a jacketed glass reactor under specific experimental conditions. D-RHP was bleached using 15% sodium hypochlorite, and the bleached rice husk pulp was coded as B-RHP. Finally, raw suspension of NCC was produced by the acid hydrolysis of B-RHP using 4 mol·L^-1 sulphuric acid. The raw suspension of NCC was neutralized by a buffer solution and analyzed by TAPPI, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, AFM, and TEM. FT-IR spectra of NCC are different to R-RHB but similar with B-RHP and D-RHP. From XRD results, the crystallinity of NCC was found to be approximately 65%. In AFM analysis particle thicknesses have been confirmed to be in the range of (25 ±15.14) nm or (27 ±15.14) nm which is almost the same. From TEM analysis particle dimensions have been confirmed to be in the range of (50 ±29.38) nm width and (550 ±302.75) nm length with the aspect ratio~11:1 (length/diameter) at a 500 nm scale bar. On the other hand, at a 200 nm scale bar the particle dimensions have been confirmed to be in the range of (35 ±17) nm width and (275 ±151.38) nm length with the aspect ratio~8:1. The aspect ratio of individual crystalline domain was determined in TEM analysis which is 10:1 (100/10). Therefore the aspect ratios and dimensions of nanoparticles in NCC suspension are almost the same and in nano-meter scale, as confirmed from both AFM and TEM results. The yield of NCC from B-RHP was found to be approximately 95%, and the recovery of cellulose from R-RHB is about 90%.

Key words: Nanocrystalline cellulose, Rice husk, Agro-waste biomass, Delignification, Bleaching, Acid hydrolysis

Md. Sakinul Islam, Nhol Kao, Sati N. Bhattacharya, Rahul Gupta, Hyoung Jin Choi. Potential aspect of rice husk biomass in Australia for nanocrystalline cellulose production[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2018, 26(3): 465-476.

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