Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2019.04.003

中国化学工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 584-592.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.04.003

• Materials and Product Engineering • 上一篇下一篇

Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch

Mohammed Abdullah Issa¹, Zurina Zainal Abidin¹, Shafreeza Sobri¹, Suraya Abdul-Rashid¹, Mohd Adzir Mahdi², Nor Azowa Ibrahim³, Musa Y. Pudza¹

1 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
2 Department of Computer & Communications Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

收稿日期:2019-02-11 修回日期:2019-03-26 出版日期:2020-02-28 发布日期:2020-05-21
通讯作者: Zurina Zainal Abidin
基金资助:
The authors would like to thank Universiti Putra Malaysia for funding this project (GP-IPS/2017/9556800).

Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch

Mohammed Abdullah Issa¹, Zurina Zainal Abidin¹, Shafreeza Sobri¹, Suraya Abdul-Rashid¹, Mohd Adzir Mahdi², Nor Azowa Ibrahim³, Musa Y. Pudza¹

1 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
2 Department of Computer & Communications Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received:2019-02-11 Revised:2019-03-26 Online:2020-02-28 Published:2020-05-21
Contact: Zurina Zainal Abidin
Supported by:
The authors would like to thank Universiti Putra Malaysia for funding this project (GP-IPS/2017/9556800).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Bio based nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were obtained from empty fruit bunch carboxymethylcellulose and ethylenediamine (EDA) through one-pot hydrothermal carbonization route. The optimum as-formed NCDs were thoroughly characterized via Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), UV-vis spectra (UV-Vis) and Fluorescence spectra (PL). Response surface methodology was statistically used to assess three independent variables that have major influence on the fluorescence quantum yield (QY), including temperature (230-270 ℃), time (2-6 h) and EDA mass (10%-23.3%). Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, synthesis temperature was found to be the most influential factor on the QY, followed by time and EDA mass. Higher temperature, long synthesis time and high amount of EDA were satisfactorily enough for efficient carbonization conversion rate and obtaining highest QY of N-CDs. The obtained quadratic model (R²=0.9991) shows a good correlation between the experimental data and predicted values. The optimum synthetic parameters are of 270 ℃ temperature, 6 h reaction time and 23.3% of EDA mass. The optimized as-made N-CDs exhibited blue photoluminescence with both excitation dependent/independent phenomena and high nitrogen content. The maximum emission intensity was 426 nm at a maximum excitation wavelength of 320 nm, with a QY of up to 22.9%. XPS and FTIR data confirmed the existence of polar containing groups, such as carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups over the surface of N-CDs whereas nitrogen species in the form of (pyridinic and graphitic-N) were introduced in the aromatic carbon domains, which imparts the hydrophilic and photostability of N-CDs. Taking into account the low-cost and sustainable production of N-CDs, this method considered a feasible route for converting low quality waste into value-added nanomaterials and utilizing for different functionalization processes and analytical applications.

关键词: Carbon dots, Fluorescence, Response surface methodology, Optimization, Nitrogen doped

Abstract: Bio based nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were obtained from empty fruit bunch carboxymethylcellulose and ethylenediamine (EDA) through one-pot hydrothermal carbonization route. The optimum as-formed NCDs were thoroughly characterized via Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), UV-vis spectra (UV-Vis) and Fluorescence spectra (PL). Response surface methodology was statistically used to assess three independent variables that have major influence on the fluorescence quantum yield (QY), including temperature (230-270 ℃), time (2-6 h) and EDA mass (10%-23.3%). Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, synthesis temperature was found to be the most influential factor on the QY, followed by time and EDA mass. Higher temperature, long synthesis time and high amount of EDA were satisfactorily enough for efficient carbonization conversion rate and obtaining highest QY of N-CDs. The obtained quadratic model (R²=0.9991) shows a good correlation between the experimental data and predicted values. The optimum synthetic parameters are of 270 ℃ temperature, 6 h reaction time and 23.3% of EDA mass. The optimized as-made N-CDs exhibited blue photoluminescence with both excitation dependent/independent phenomena and high nitrogen content. The maximum emission intensity was 426 nm at a maximum excitation wavelength of 320 nm, with a QY of up to 22.9%. XPS and FTIR data confirmed the existence of polar containing groups, such as carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups over the surface of N-CDs whereas nitrogen species in the form of (pyridinic and graphitic-N) were introduced in the aromatic carbon domains, which imparts the hydrophilic and photostability of N-CDs. Taking into account the low-cost and sustainable production of N-CDs, this method considered a feasible route for converting low quality waste into value-added nanomaterials and utilizing for different functionalization processes and analytical applications.

Key words: Carbon dots, Fluorescence, Response surface methodology, Optimization, Nitrogen doped

Mohammed Abdullah Issa, Zurina Zainal Abidin, Shafreeza Sobri, Suraya Abdul-Rashid, Mohd Adzir Mahdi, Nor Azowa Ibrahim, Musa Y. Pudza. Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2020, 28(2): 584-592.

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Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch

Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch

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