A LCA Based Biofuel Supply Chain Analysis Framework

doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60079-3

摘要/Abstract

摘要： This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) based biofuel supply chain (SC) analysis framework which enables the study of economic, energy and environmental (3E) performances by using multi-objective optimization. The economic objective is measured by the total annual profit, the energy objective is measured by the average fossil energy (FE) inputs per MJ biofuel and the environmental objective is measured by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per MJ biofuel. A multi-objective linear fractional programming (MOLFP) model with multi-conversion pathways is formulated based on the framework and is solved by using the ε-constraint method. The MOLFP problem is turned into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem by setting up the total annual profit as the optimization objective and the average FE inputs per MJ biofuel and GHG emissions per MJ biofuel as constraints. In the case study, this model is used to design an experimental biofuel supply chain in China. A set of the weekly Pareto optimal solutions is obtained. Each non-inferior solution indicates the optimal locations and the amount of biomass produced, locations and capacities of conversion factories, locations and amount of biofuel being supplied in final markets and the flow of mass through the supply chain network (SCN). As the model reveals trade-offs among 3E criteria, we think the framework can be a good support tool of decision for the design of biofuel SC.

关键词: biofuel, life cycle assessment, supply chain, optimization

Abstract: This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) based biofuel supply chain (SC) analysis framework which enables the study of economic, energy and environmental (3E) performances by using multi-objective optimization. The economic objective is measured by the total annual profit, the energy objective is measured by the average fossil energy (FE) inputs per MJ biofuel and the environmental objective is measured by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per MJ biofuel. A multi-objective linear fractional programming (MOLFP) model with multi-conversion pathways is formulated based on the framework and is solved by using the ε-constraint method. The MOLFP problem is turned into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem by setting up the total annual profit as the optimization objective and the average FE inputs per MJ biofuel and GHG emissions per MJ biofuel as constraints. In the case study, this model is used to design an experimental biofuel supply chain in China. A set of the weekly Pareto optimal solutions is obtained. Each non-inferior solution indicates the optimal locations and the amount of biomass produced, locations and capacities of conversion factories, locations and amount of biofuel being supplied in final markets and the flow of mass through the supply chain network (SCN). As the model reveals trade-offs among 3E criteria, we think the framework can be a good support tool of decision for the design of biofuel SC.

Key words: biofuel, life cycle assessment, supply chain, optimization

刘喆轩, 邱彤, 陈丙珍. A LCA Based Biofuel Supply Chain Analysis Framework[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2014, 22(6): 669-681.

LIU Zhexuan, QIU Tong, CHEN Bingzhen . A LCA Based Biofuel Supply Chain Analysis Framework[J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2014, 22(6): 669-681.

参考文献

1 Bond, J.Q., Alonso, D.M., Wang, D., West, R., Dumesic, J.A., "Integrated catalytic conversion of γ-valerolactone to liquid alkenes for transportation fuels", Science, 327 (5969), 1110-1114(2010).

2 Yan, L., Zhang, L., Wang, S., Hu, L., "Potential yields of bio-ethanol from energy crops and their regional distribution in China.", Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 24 (5), 213-216 (2008). (in Chinese)

3 Qiu, H., Sun, L., Huang, J., Rozelle, S., "Liquid biofuels in China: Current status, government policies, and future opportunities and challenges", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16 (5), 3095-3104 (2012)

4 Zhang, P., Yang, Y., Tian, Y., Yang, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., "Bioenergy industries development in China: Dilemma and solution", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13 (9), 2571-2579(2009).

5 Ou, X., Zhang, X., Chang, S., Guo, Q., "Energy consumption and GHG emissions of six biofuel pathways by LCA in (the) People's Republic of China", Applied Energy, 86, Supplement 1, S197-S208 (2009).br>6 Chen, H., Chen, G.Q., "Energy cost of rapeseed-based biodiesel as alternative energy in China", Renewable Energy, 36 (5), 1374-1378 (2011).

7 Hou, J., Zhang, P., Yuan, X., Zheng, Y., "Life cycle assessment of biodiesel from soybean, jatropha and microalgae in China conditions", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15 (9), 5081-5091(2011).

8 Shirvani, T., Yan, X., Inderwildi, O.R., Edwards, P.P., King, D.A., "Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas analysis for algae-derived biodiesel", Energy & Environmental Science, 4 (10), 3773-3778 (2011).

9 Hu, Z., Tan, P., Yan, X., Lou, D., "Life cycle energy, environment and economic assessment of soybean-based biodiesel as an alternative automotive fuel in China", Energy, 33 (11), 1654-1658 (2008).

10 Ou, X., Yan, X., Zhang, X., Liu, Z., "Life-cycle analysis on energy consumption and GHG emission intensities of alternative vehicle fuels in China", Applied Energy, 90 (1), 218-224 (2012).

11 Wang, Z., Calderon, M.M., Lu, Y., "Life cycle assessment of the economic, environmental and energy performance of Jatropha curcas L. Biodiesel in China", Biomass and Bioenergy, 35 (7), 2893-2902 (2011).

12 Guo, R., Hanaki, K., "Potential and life cycle assessment of biodiesel production in China", Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2, 033107-1-033107-15 (2010).

13 Liang, S., Xu, M., Zhang, T., "Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production in China", Bioresource Technology, 129, 72-77 (2013).

14 Giarola, S., Shah, N., Bezzo, F., "A comprehensive approach to the design of ethanol supply chains including carbon trading effects", Bioresource Technology, 107, 175-185 (2012).

15 Akgul, O., Shah, N., Papageorgiou, L.G., "An optimisation framework for a hybrid first/second generation bioethanol supply chain", Computers & Chemical Engineering, 42, 101-114 (2012).

16 Kim, J., Realff, M.J., Lee, J.H., Whittaker, C., Furtner, L., "Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model", Biomass and Bioenergy, 35 (2), 853-871 (2011).

17 Papapostolou, C., Kondili, E., Kaldellis, J.K., "Development and implementation of an optimisation model for biofuels supply chain", Energy, 36 (10), 6019-6026 (2011).

18 Zamboni, A., Shah, N., Bezzo, F., "Spatially explicit static model for the strategic design of future bioethanol production systems. 1. Cost minimization", Energy & Fuels, 23 (10), 5121-5133 (2009).

19 Zamboni, A., Bezzo, F., Shah, N., "Spatially explicit static model for the strategic design of future bioethanol production systems. 2. Multi-objective environmental optimization", Energy & Fuels, 23 (10), 5134-5143 (2009).

20 You, F., Wang, B., "Life cycle optimization of biomass-to-liquid supply chains with distributed—Centralized processing networks", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 50 (17), 10102-10127 (2011).

21 ?u?ek, L., Varbanov, P.S., Klemeš, J.J., Kravanja, Z., "Total footprints-based multi-criteria optimisation of regional biomass energy supply chains", Energy, 44 (1), 135-145 (2012).

22 Bojarski, A.D., Laínez, J.M., Espuña, A., Puigjaner, L., "Incorporating environmental impacts and regulations in a holistic supply chains modeling: An LCA approach", Computers & Chemical Engineering, 33 (10), 1747-1759 (2009).

23 Kostin, A., Guillén-Gosálbez, G., Mele, F.D., Jim, E.N.L., "Identifying key life cycle assessment metrics in the multiobjective design of bioethanol supply chains using a rigorous mixed-integer linear programming approach", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51 (14), 5282-5291 (2012).

24 Mavrotas, G., "Effective implementation of the ε-constraint method in multi-objective mathematical programming problems", Applied Mathematics and Computation, 213 (2), 455-465 (2009).

25 Konno, H., Yamashita, H., "Minimizing sums and products of linear fractional functions over a polytope", Naval Research Logistics (NRL), 46 (5), 583-596 (1999).

26 Metev, B., Gueorguieva, D., "A simple method for obtaining weakly efficient points in multiobjective linear fractional programming problems", European Journal of Operational Research, 126 (2), 386-390 (2000).

27 Liu, C.M., "Study on Rape Production and Development of Biodiesel in China", Ph. D. Thesis, Huazhong Agricultural University (2008). (in Chinese)

28 Xu, Z., Cheng, S., Xie, G., "The suitable land for sweet sorghum and its potential for ehtanol production in China", Renewable Energy Resources, 28 (4), 118-122 (2010).

29 Wu, Q., "Energy Utilization Actuality and Potential Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. in China", Master Thesis, Beijing Forestry University, (2009). (in Chinese)

30 National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China, China statistical yearbook 2010, China Statistics Press, Beijing (2011) (in Chinese)

31 Xing, A., Ma, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Jin, Y., "Life cycle assessment of economy for biodiesel", Journal of Tsinghua University Science and Technology, 50 (6), 923-927 (2010). (in Chinese)

[1]	Chuang Liang, Zhihao Liu, Baochang Sun, Haikui Zou, Guangwen Chu. Improvement in discharge characteristics and energy yield of ozone generation via configuration optimization of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 61-68.
[2]	Yaran Bu, Changchun Wu, Lili Zuo, Qian Chen. The calculation and optimal allocation of transmission capacity in natural gas networks with MINLP models[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 251-261.
[3]	Danlei Chen, Yiqing Luo, Xigang Yuan. Cascade refrigeration system synthesis based on hybrid simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 58(6): 244-255.
[4]	Jiajia Chen, Xinyu Lu, Dandan Wang, Pengcheng Xiu, Xiaoli Gu. Effective depolymerization of alkali lignin using an attapulgite-Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂(ATP-CZO)-supported cobalt catalyst in ethanol/isopropanol media[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 57(5): 50-62.
[5]	Jikai Dong, Bing Wang, Xinjie Wang, Chenxi Cao, Shikuan Chen, Wenli Du. Optimization of sensor deployment sequences for hazardous gas leakage monitoring and source term estimation[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 56(4): 169-179.
[6]	Dandan Ren, Shanshan Xiang, Yuwen Yan, Ruiying Kong, Xingchu Gong. Design and optimization of purification process of sinomenine hydrochloride[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 55(3): 63-72.
[7]	Tutuk Djoko Kusworo, Monica Yulfarida, Andri Cahyo Kumoro, Dani Puji Utomo. Purification of bioethanol fermentation broth using hydrophilic PVA crosslinked PVDF-GO/TiO₂ membrane[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 55(3): 123-136.
[8]	Yingjun Lin. Whole-process optimization for industrial production of glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride based on QbD concept[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 54(2): 153-161.
[9]	Shan Liu, Wenqi Zhong, Xi Chen, Li Sun, Lukuan Yang. Multiobjective economic model predictive control using utopia-tracking for the wet flue gas desulphurization system[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 54(2): 343-352.
[10]	Qinggang Xu, Yasen Dai, Qing Zhao, Zhengrun Chen, Peizhe Cui, Zhaoyou Zhu, Yinglong Wang, Jun Gao, Yixin Ma. Economy, environmental assessment and energy conservation for separation of isopropanol/diisopropyl ether/water multi-azeotropes via extractive distillation coupled pervaporation process[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 54(2): 353-363.
[11]	Chao Zhang, Youzhi Liu, Weizhou Jiao, Hongyan Shen, Xigang Yuan, Shengkun Jia. An optimization method for enhancement of gas–liquid mass transfer in a bubble column reactor based on the entropy generation extremum principle[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 53(1): 83-88.
[12]	Monique Juna L. Leite, Ingrid Ramalho Marques, Mariane Carolina Proner, Pedro H.H. Araújo, Alan Ambrosi, Marco Di Luccio. Catalytically active membranes for esterification: A review[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 53(1): 142-154.
[13]	Xinqiang You, Kai Zhao, Ling Li, Ting Qiu. Ionic liquids as entrainer in extractive distillation for effectively separating 1-propanol–water azeotropic mixture[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 49(9): 224-233.
[14]	Jia Ren, Zengqiang Chen, Mingwei Sun, Qinglin Sun, Zenghui Wang. Proportion integral-type active disturbance rejection generalized predictive control for distillation process based on grey wolf optimization parameter tuning[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 49(9): 234-244.
[15]	Na Wang, Chong Peng, Zhenmin Cheng, Zhiming Zhou. Molecular reconstruction of vacuum gas oils using a general molecule library through entropy maximization[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 48(8): 21-29.