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SCI和EI收录∣中国化工学会会刊
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English
本期目录
2005年 第13卷 第2期 刊出日期:2005-04-28
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TRANSPORT PHENOMENA & FLUID MECHANICS
利用计算流体力学及计算传质的方法研究精馏塔传质效率
刘春江,袁希钢,余国琮
. 2005, 13(2): 153-160. doi:
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It has long been found that the flow pattern of the liquid phase on distillation tray is of great importance on distillation process performance. But until now, there was very few published work on quantitative investigation of this subject. By combining the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the mass transfer equation, a theoretical model is proposed for predicting the details of velocity and concentration distributions as well as the tray efficiency of distillation tray column. Using the proposed model, four different cases corresponding to different assumptions of liquid and vapor flowing condition for a distillation tray column were investigated. In Case I, the distributions of velocity and concentration of the incoming liquid from the downcomer and the uprising vapor from the underneath tray spacing are uniform. In Case Ⅱ, the distribution of the incoming liquid is non-uniform but the uprising vapor is uniform. In Case Ⅲ, the distribution of the incoming liquid is uniform but the uprising vapor is non-uniform.In Case IV, the distributions of both the incoming liquid and the uprising vapor are non-uniform. The details of velocity and concentration distributions on a multiple sieve tray distillation column in four different cases were simulated using the proposed model. It is found that the shape of the simulated concentration profiles of vapor and the liquid is quite different from case to case. The computed results also show that the tray efficiency is highly reduced by the maldistribution of velocity and concentration of the incoming liquid and uprising vapor. The tray efficiency for Case Ⅰ is higher than Case Ⅱ or Case Ⅲ, and that for Case Ⅳis the lowest. It also reveals that the accumulated effect of maldistribution becomes more pronounced when the number of column trays increased. The present study demonstrates that the use of computational method to predict the mass transfer efficiency for the tray column, especially for the large one, is feasible.
气固可压缩湍射流中颗粒扩散的直接数值模拟
罗坤,金军,郑友取,岑可法
. 2005, 13(2): 161-166. doi:
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A numerical method was developed to directly simulate the compressible, particle-laden turbulent jets.The fourth order compact finite difference schemes were used to discretize the space derivatives. The Lagrangian method was adopted to simulate the particle motion based on one-way coupling. It is found that the turbulent intensity profiles attain self-similar status in the jet downstream regions. At the Stokes number of 1, particles are concentrated largely in the outer boundaries of the large-scale vortex structures with the most uneven distribution and the widest dispersion in the lateral direction. Particles at the much smaller Stokes numbers are distributed evenly in the flow field, and the lateral dispersion is also considerable. Distribution of particles at much larger Stokes numbers is more uniform and the lateral dispersion becomes small. In addition, the inflow conditions have different efects on the particle dispersion. The direct numerical simulation (DNS) results accord with the previous experiments and numerical studies.
应用CFD技术对工业结晶过程进行模拟和放大
龚俊波,卫宏远,王静康,John Garsideb
. 2005, 13(2): 167-172. doi:
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Some empirical mixing models were used to describe the imperfect mixing in precipitation process.However, the models can not, in general, reflect the details of interactions between mixing and crystallization in a vessel. In this study, CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technique were developed by simulating the precipitation of barium sulphate in stirred tanks by integration of population balance equations with a CFD solver. Two typical impellers, Rushton and pitched blade turbines, were employed for agitation. The influence of feed concentration and position on crystal product properties was investigated by CFD simulation. The scale-up of these precipitators was systematically studied. Significant effect on the crystal properties was found for the scale-up under some conditions.Keywords simulation, scale up, precipitation, CFD(computational fluid dynamics)
喷射状态下大孔径复合筛板塔中的液滴分布
方云进,何良明
. 2005, 13(2): 173-177. doi:
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The droplet size distribution with large-holed compound sieve tray operating in the spray regime is measured by using a double electrical probes technique in a cold model column of 400 mm diameter. The results indicate that the hole F-factor Fo and surface tension are the main factors which influence the liquid dispersion expressed by the Sauter mean diameter D32. A correlation of D32 on surface tension, viscosity, F-factor, weir height and liquid flow rate is proposed.
SEPARATION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
陶瓷过滤管表面粉尘层清除过程的图像分析
姬忠礼,焦海青,陈鸿海
. 2005, 13(2): 178-183. doi:
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Based on the analysis of high-speed video images, the detachment behavior of dust cake from the ceramic candle filter surface during pulse cleaning process is investigated. The influences of the dust cake loading,the reservoir pressure, and the filtration velocity on the cleaning effectiveness are analyzed. Experimental results show that there exists an optimum dust cake thickness for pulse-cleaning process. For thin dust cake, the patchy cleaning exists and the cleaning efficiency is low; if the dust cake is too thick, the pressure drop across the dust cake becomes higher and a higher reservoir pressure may be needed. At the same time there also exists an optimum reservoir pressure for a given filtration condition.
表面光接枝共聚法制备高通量分子印迹膜
李爽,张凤宝,张国亮,王燕
. 2005, 13(2): 184-190. doi:
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Molecular imprinted polymer membranes (MIM) combine the merits of molecular imprint and membrane technology. In this work, a very thin of imprinted polymer that can specifically and selectively absorb the basic template (adenine) was grafted on the surface of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane by photo-grafting copolymerization. Because the molecular imprinted polymer is grafted on the surface of the matrix membrane without blocking the membrane pores, the resultant MIMs have high flux as microfiltration membrane (0.26 mol·m^-2·h^-1 of template and flux for distilled water was 3.6 ml·mim^-1·cm^-2 at 0.8 MPa). Moreover, the MIMs can absorb/desorb template molecules rapidly. Usually, it only takes several minutes for MIMs to absorb more than 75% of the template (adenine) in aqueous solution. And the influences of the type and amount of the functional monomers, the amount of the cross-linker on the absorption capability are discussed to determine the optimal preparation conditions.
盐酸大观霉素溶析结晶过程模拟与分析
鲍颖,王静康,王永莉
. 2005, 13(2): 191-196. doi:
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A mathematical model for dilution crystallization of spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate was established on the basis of the population and mass balance. Three operating modes, i.e., constant mass rate addition of diluent, constant mass fraction of diluent and constant size-independent growth rate, were investigated over a wide range of controlled parameters. The intrinsic characteristics of the crystallization process and the influence of operation parameters were analyzed in detail. Suitable strategy for better performance was suggested.
REACTION KINETICS, CATALYSIS AND……
纤维素热裂解反应机理数值模拟
廖艳芬[]王树荣[]马晓茜[]骆仲泱[]岑可法[]
. 2005, 13(2): 197-203. doi:
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A detailed mechanism analysis of cellulose pyrolysis was carried out according to the previous experimental results. On the basis of the Brodio-Shafizadeh model, a modified two-stage model was proposed to simulate the formation and decomposition of active cellulose (AC) and several main organic compounds, such as levoglucosan (LG), hydroxyl-acetaldehyde (HAA), acetol and furfural etc. During pryolysis, the temperature rise of cellulose can be divided into three stages. In the second stage, cellulose undergoes a main decomposition process in which the reaction temperature remains rather low because of the endothermic cracking of glucosidic bond of AC during the formation of LG. The components density of bio-oil, including LG and other competitive compounds, increased rapidly with the increase of temperature during the first stage. However, in the main decomposition process, LG density in bio-oil had an obvious decrease, while the competitive products appeared to increase gradually, which means the ring-opening and reforming reaction of pyranoid ring are superior to LG formation in high temperature.The secondary reaction of volatile components occurs largely in gaseous phase rather than in the solid phase. Short residence time of volatile materials in high temperature region will be advantageous to a high production of LG,which may otherwise decompose quickly under high temperature. An optimum yield of LG could be obtained when radiant source temperature is in the range of 730---920K and gas residence time is less than 1 s. In addition, the reaction temperature has a stronger effect than gas residence time on the formation of HAA, acetol, formaldehyde and furfural etc.
Fenton试剂与双频道超声波协同降解溶液中对氯苯酚的研究
赵德明,徐新华,雷乐成,汪大翚
. 2005, 13(2): 204-210. doi:
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4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) solution was treated by dual-frequency ultrasound in conjunction with Fenton reagent, and obvious improvement in the 4-CP degradation rate was observed in this advanced oxidation process.Experimental results showed that ultrasonic intensity, saturating gas and pH value affected greatly the 4-CP removal rate. Among four different saturating gases (Ar, 02, air and N2), 4-CP degradation with Ar-saturated solution was the best. However, in the view of practical wastewater treatment, using oxygen as the saturating gas would be more economical. The addition of Fenton reagent followed the first-order kinetics and increased the 4-CP degradation rate.The 4-CP removal rate increased by around 126% within 15 rain treatment. The synergetic effect of dual-frequency ultrasound with Fenton reagent on 4-CP degradation was obviously observed.
SYSTEM ENGINEERING
基于混杂策略的预测控制不可行与约束优先级处理
王宇红,黄德先,金以慧
. 2005, 13(2): 211-217. doi:
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A hybrid approach using MLD (mixed logical dynamical) framework to handle infeasibility and constraint prioritization issues in MPC (model predictive control) based on input-output model is introduced. By expressing constraint priorities as propositional logics and by transforming the propositional logics into inequalities,the infeasibility and constraint prioritization issues are solved in the MPC. Constraints with higher priorities are met first, and then these with lower priorities are satisfied as much as possible. This new approach is illustrated in the control of a heavy oil fractionator-Shell column. The overall control performance has been significantly improved through the infeasibility and control priorities handling.
质子交换膜燃料电池电堆的动态热模型及其温度控制
邵庆龙,卫东,曹广益,朱新坚
. 2005, 13(2): 218-224. doi:
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A dynamic thermal transfer model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is developed based on energy conservation in order to reach better temperature control of PEMFC stack. Considering its uncertain parameters and disturbance, we propose a robust adaptive controller based on backstepping algorithm of Lyaponov function. Numerical simulations indicate the validity of the proposed controller.
THERMODYNAMICS AND CHEMICAL……
低温水相一步合成钛酸钡:热力学模型化及实验合成研究
沈志刚,李世刚,刘朝文,张建文,陈建峰
. 2005, 13(2): 225-233. doi:
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A thermodynamic model has been developed to determine the reaction conditions favoring low temperature direct synthesis of barium titanate (BaTiO3). The method utilizes standard-state thermodynamic data for solid and aqueous species and a Debye-Hǔckel coefficients model to represent solution nonideality. The method has been used to generate phase stability diagrams that indicate the ranges of pH and reagent concentrations, for which various species predominate in the system at a given temperature. Also, yield diagrams have been constructed that indicate the concentration, pH and temperature conditions for which different yields of crystalline BaTiO3 can be obtained. The stability and yield diagrams have been used to predict the optimum synthesis conditions (e.g.,reagent concentrations, pH and temperature). Subsequently, these predictions have been experimentally verified.As a result, phase-pure perovskite BaTiO3 has been obtained at temperature ranging from 55 to 85℃ using BaCl2,TiCl4 as a source for Ba and Ti. and NaOH as a orecioitator.
羰基硫在二乙二醇二乙醚/水二元混合体系中的水解
李新学,刘迎新,魏雄辉
. 2005, 13(2): 234-238. doi:
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The solubility and hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide in binary mixture of diethylene glycol diethyl ether and water are studied as a function of composition. The use of an aqueous solution of diethylene glycol diethyl ether enhances the solubility and hydrolysis rate of carbonyl sulfide compared with that in pure water. The composition of the mixture with maximum hydrolysis rate varies with temperature. The thermophysical properties including density, viscosity, and surface tension as a function of composition at 20℃ under atmospheric pressure as well as liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data over the temperature range from 28℃ to 90℃ are also measured for the binary mixture.
BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING
分散聚合法合成含有环氧基的无孔超顺磁性微球及其表征
马志亚,官月平,刘先桥,刘会洲
. 2005, 13(2): 239-243. doi:
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Non-porous superparamagnetic polymer microspheres with epoxy groups were prepared by dispersion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in the presence of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles coated with oleic acid. The polymerization was carried out in the ethanol/water medium using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as stabilizer and initiator, respectively. The magnetic microspheres obtained were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the magnetic microspheres had an average size of-1μm with superparamagnetic characteristics. The saturation magnetization was found to be 4.5emu..g-1. There was abundance of epoxy groups with density of 0.028 mmol·g^-1 in microspheres. The magnetic PGMA microspheres have extensive potential uses in magnetic bioseparation and biotechnology.
模糊控制A/O脱氮工艺内循环回流量和外碳源投加量
马勇,彭永臻,王淑莹,王晓莲
. 2005, 13(2): 244-249. doi:
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Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations of effluent water must be taken into account for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the requirement for effluent quality is becoming strict.Therefore, intelligent control approaches are recently required in removing biological nutrient. In this study, fuzzy control has been successfully applied to improve the nitrogen removal. Experimental results showed that a close relationship between nitrate concentration and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) at the end of anoxic zone was found for anoxic/oxic (A/O) nitrogen removal process treating synthetic wastewater. ORP can be used as online fuzzy control parazneter of nitrate recirculation and external carbon addition. The established fuzzy logic controller that includes two inputs and one output can maintain ORP value at-86 mV and -90 mV by adjusting the nitrate recirculation flow and external carbon dosage respectively to realize the optimal control of nitrogen removal, improving the effluent quality and reducing the operating cost.
PROCESS AND PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
光催化芳茂铁盐作为热引发剂引发环氧化合物固化
王涛,李保山,于萌,万平玉
. 2005, 13(2): 250-253. doi:
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[Cyclopentadien-Fe-naphthalene]BF4(CFN) and [cyclopentadien-Fe-anisole]BF4(CFA) thermal cationic initiators for the curing of epoxide E44 and GGE were investigated. CFN brought out the curing of E44 at 89.1℃ and that of GGE at 148.7℃. However, CFA had much less thermal initiating activity under 300℃. Under UV radiation for short time, the thermal initiating activities of CFN and CFA were enhanced obviously. It was observed that the initiating onset temperature decreased and the evolved heat of the curing increased. Both CFN and CFA can carrv out the polvmerization of E44 and GGE near 85℃ and 112℃ by UV radiation.
X70管线钢在CO
2-
3
/HCO
-
3
体系中表面膜性能研究
胡钢,许淳淳
. 2005, 13(2): 254-258. doi:
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The electrochemical behavior of X70 pipeline steel in (0.5 mol·L^-1 Na2CO3+lmol·L^-1 NaHCO3) solution was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the composition and microstructure of the surface film. The results showed that there were two anodic peaks at -600 mV and -350 inV.The surface film formed at -600 mV mainly consisted of ferrous carbonates and ferrous hydroxycarbonates. It had a small reaction resistance. It was metastable and possessed poor p
rotective property. Numerous pits and microcracks existed on the film, which could be the active paths for the initiation of stress corrosion cracking. The surface film formed at -350 mV, mainly consisted of ferric oxides. It has high reaction resistance and offered good protection for the substrate.
任意可调Zn-Co合金镀层的电沉积
费敬银,梁国正,辛文利
. 2005, 13(2): 259-265. doi:
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The effects of pulse parameters on the cobalt content, surface morphologies and grain size of Zn-Co alloy deposits were studied using a pulse plating technique with a square-wave current containing reverse pulse. Average current density and reverse anodic current density amongst the variables investigated have very strong effects on the cobalt content in the Zn-Co alloy deposits. Grain size, surface appearance and internal stress in the deposit were improved significantly by introducing the reverse current. Varieties of Zn-Co alloy compositionally modulated multilayer (CMM) coatings with large differences in cobalt contents for different sublayers were electrodeposited by designing corresponding waveforms using a computer-aided pulse plater and characterized in terms of surface morphologies. Cross-sectional morphologies of the Zn-Co alloy CMM coatings, examined using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM), confirmed the layered structure.
疏水缔合聚合物的合成及溶液性质研究
任鲲姜桂元徐春明林梅钦
. 2005, 13(2): 266-270. doi:
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Acrylamide/2-acrylamido alkane sulfonic acid hydrophobic associating copolymers were synthesized by micellar copolymerization. Effects of hydrophobe content, polymer concentration, salinity and surfactant on rheological behavior of copolymers were investigated and the conformation of polymers in solution was studied by means of environmental scanning electronic microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The experimental results showed that in the dilute regime the hydrophobic parts could interact intramolecularly, while in the regime where the polymer concentration was higher than the critical association concentration, intermolecular hydrophobic association became predominant. Within the limit of the solubility, the critical association concentration of the polymer decreased with the increase of the salinity. The experimental results of the solution conformation indicated the presence of the three-dimensional network structure in deionized water and the size of the mesh in the network varied with the polymer concentration. In NaG1 solution, above the critical association concentration, an increase in polymer concentration enhanced the intermolecular association and also enlarged the hydrodynamic radius. It would result in the imorovement of the thickening power of polvmers.
RESEARCH NOTES
基于UNIFAC模型的基团—OCOO—与—CH
3,
ACH, CH
3
OH和CH
3
COO—的交互作用参数估算与验证
方云进,钱俊明
. 2005, 13(2): 271-275. doi:
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Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) are experimentally measured for the binary systems of dimethyl carbonate (DMC)+ ethylene carbonate and methanol + ethylene carbonate at 101.325kPa. The thermodynamic consistency of these experimental data is tested with an available statistic method. Interaction parameters of the carbonate group —OCOO— with the group —CH3, ACH, CH3OH and CHACO0— in UNIFAC model are determined using the experimental and literature VLE data. The results show that the calculated VLE data using the new UNIFAG parameters agree excellently with the experimental data in this work and in literature. These results are useful in the research on DMG and diphenyl carbonate synthesis by transesterification in design of reactor and distillation tower.
重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵生产类人胶原蛋白的过程控制研究
骆艳娥,范代娣,马晓轩,王德伟,米钰,花秀夫,李稳宏
. 2005, 13(2): 276-279. doi:
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Recombinant E. coli BL 21 was cultivated in high cell density to produce human-like collagen. The effects of the feeding of nitrogen source, controlled by an auto on/off-feeding mode with two different cycles of 0.5 min and 4 rain intervals, oxygen-enrichment methods and inducement strength on the cell yield and human-like collagen production were investigated. The studies showed that nitrogen source feeding in fast cycle could result in higher human-like collagen production than that in slow cycle; and the feedback regulation of glucose, increase of the pressure of fermentation bioreactor, and supply of oxygen-enriched air could all increase cell yield and human-like collagen production. The effects of inducement strength on protein expression were found important. When OD600 reached 90—100, the cultivation temperature was increased to 42℃ to begin induction for 2—3 h, and then shifted to 39℃ for 5—6 h induction, the cell density and human-like collagen production could reach 96 g·L^-1 [DCW (dry cell mass)] and 19.8% (g·g^-1 DCW) respectively.
SAFT缔合模型关联含水体系的
1
H NMR
许波,李浩然,王从敏,许映杰,韩世钧
. 2005, 13(2): 280-284. doi:
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^1H NMR chemical shifts of binary aqueous mixtures of acylamide, alcohol, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and acetone are correlated by statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) association model. The comparison between SAFT association model and Wilson equation shows that the former is better for dealing with aqueous solutions. Finally, the specialties of both models are discussed.
激光全息干涉法测量甘氨酸、L-丙氨酸、L-缬氨酸和异亮氨酸液相扩散系数的研究
赵长伟,李继定,马沛生,夏淑倩
. 2005, 13(2): 285-290. doi:
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The diffusion coefficients of aqueous solutions ofglycine, L-alanine, L-valine and L-isoleucine at 298.15 K were determined by holographic interferometry with accuracy and promptness while without disturbance. The density and viscosity of these solutions were also determined. According to original Gordon model, a model for correlating the diffusion coefficients of amino acids in aqueous solutions was developed and applied. The results showed that this model provided significant convenience in correlation of diffusion coefficients for amino acids system.
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1982年创刊 月刊
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