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SCI和EI收录∣中国化工学会会刊
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English
本期目录
2004年 第12卷 第3期 刊出日期:2004-06-28
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TRANSPORT PHENOMEN A & FLUID MECHANICS
槽道纤维悬浮流动转捩阶段稳定性与减阻研究
游振江,林建忠,邵雪明,张卫峰
. 2004, 12(3): 319-323. doi:
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Drag reduction features in the transition regime of channel flow with fibre suspension were analyzed in terms of the linear stability theory. The modified stability equation was obtained based on the slender-body theory and natural closure approximation. Results of the stability analysis show attenuating effects of fibre additives to the flow instability. For the cases leading to transition, drag reduction rate increases with the characteristic parameter H of fibres. The mechanism of drag reduction by fibres is revealed through the variation of velocity profile and the decrease of wall shear stress. The theoretical results are qualitatively consistent with some typical experiments.
搅拌釡中层流流场的模拟
范茏,王卫京,杨超,毛在砂
. 2004, 12(3): 324-329. doi:
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Stirred tanks are used extensively in process industry and one of the most commonly used impellers in stirred tanks is the R.ushton disk turbine. Surprisingly few data are available regarding flow and mixing in stirred-tank reactors with Rushton turbine in the laminar regime, in particular the laminar flow in baffled tanks.In this paper, the laminar flow field in a baffled tank stirred by a standard R.ushton turbine is simulated with the improved inner-outer iterative method. The non-inertial coordinate system is used for the impeller region, which is in turn used as the boundary conditions for iteration. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with previous experiments. In addition, the flow number and impeller power number calculated from the simulated flow field are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. This numerical method allows prediction of flow structure requiring no experimental data as the boundary conditions and has the potential of being used to scale-up and design of related process equipment.
壁面粗糙度对气粒两相流动中颗粒行为影响的实验研究
周力行, 张夏
. 2004, 12(3): 330-334. doi:
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The effect of wall roughness on particle behavior in two-phase flows in a horizontal backward-facing step is studied using a phase-Doppler particle anemometer. The results show that the wall roughness widens the particle velocity probability density distribution, enhances the redistribution of particle velocity into different directions,reduces the particle longitudinal mean velocity and increases the longitudinal and transverse fluctuation velocities and Reynolds shear stress. The effect of roughness on particle motion in the recirculation zone is weaker than that in the fully developed flow region. The effect of roughness for small particles is restricted only in the near-wall region, while that for large particle diffuses to the whole flow field.
快速流化床中颗粒团聚现象的数值模拟——曳力关联式的选择
王维, 李佑楚
. 2004, 12(3): 335-341. doi:
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Drag force is a key parameter in the numerical modeling of gas-particle flow in circulating fluidized beds. The reliability of current drag force correlations over the regime of fast fluidization has, however, not been thoroughly investigated. In this article, a drag force correlation accounting for the clustering effects for Geldart A particles is used to simulate the behaviors typical of fast fluidization, including dynamic evolution of clusters as well as time- averaged axial and lateral voidage profiles. Diverse images of clusters are captured and the time-averaged profiles of voidage are shown tobe in quantitative agreement with the present empirical correlation. The results based on different constitutive correlations of drag force show the importance of the choice of drag force in modeling fast-fluidized beds. This drag force correlation, based on a simple averaging assumption, could give some basic insights about the magnitude of the drag reduction.
下行床加速区气固流动特性的研究
李松庚,林伟刚,姚建中
. 2004, 12(3): 342-346. doi:
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In this work, a mathematical model is established to describe the axial variation of the characteristic flow parameters (particle velocity, solid holdup and pressure gradient) in a downer. An empirical correlation is developed to estimate the particle velocity at the constant velocity section. Experimental investigations are made to validate the downer model. The model simulations have a good agreement with experimental data. Moreover, a formula is derived to predict the first acceleration section length and the whole acceleration section length.
气-液-固三相气升式环流反应器中牛顿型及非牛顿型流体局部液相传质模型
闻建平,贾晓强,毛国柱
. 2004, 12(3): 347-350. doi:
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A small scale isotropic mass transfer model was developed for the local liquid side mass transfer coefficients in gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow airlift loop reactor for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. It is based on Higbie’s penetration theory and Kolmogoroff’s theory of isotropic turbulence with kl=3√2D∈11/3/π(η1^-1/3-λf^-1/3)where e1 is local rate of energy dissipation, Af is the local microscale, r/l is the local Kolmogoroff scale and D is the diffusion coefficient. The capability of the proposed model is discussed in the light of experimental data obtained from 12 L gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow airlift loop reactor using Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Good agreement with the experimental data was obtained over a wide range of conditions suggesting a general applicability of the proposed model.
混合制冷工质核态沸腾的传热研究
赵耀华,刁彦华,鹤田隆治,西川日出男
. 2004, 12(3): 351-356. doi:
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Heat transfer coefficients in nucleate pool boiling were measured on a horizontal copper surface for refrigerants, HFC-134a, HFC-32, and HFC-125, their binary and ternary mixtures under saturated conditions at 0.9MPa. Compared to pure components, both binary and ternary mixtures showed lower heat transfer coefficients.This deterioration was more pronounced as heat flux was increased. Experimental data were compared with some empirical and semi-empirical correlations available in literature. For binary mixture, the accuracy of the correlations varied considerably with mixtures and the heat flux. Experimental data for HFC-32/134a/125 were also compared with available correlated equation obtained by Thome. For ternary mixture, the boiling range of binary mixture composed by the pure fluids with the lowest and the medium boiling points, and their concentration difference had important effects on boiling heat transfer coefficients.
SEPARATION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Monte Carlo模拟对称型三嵌段共聚高分子的吸附
彭昌军,李健康,刘洪来,胡英
. 2004, 12(3): 357-362. doi:
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The adsorption behavior of symmetric triblock copolymers, Am/2BnAm/2, from a nonselective solvent at solid-liquid interface has been studied by Monte Carlo simulations on a simple lattice model. Either segment A or segment B is attractive, while the other is non-attractive to the surface. Influences of the adsorption energy,bulk concentration, chain composition and chain length on the microstructure of adsorbed layers are presented.The results show that the total surface coverage and the adsorption amount increases monotonically as the bulk concentration increases. The larger the adsorption energy and the higher the fraction of adsorbing segments, the higher the total surface coverage is exhibited. The product of surface coverage and the proportion of non-attractive segments are nearly independent of the chain length, and the logarithm of the adsorption amount is a linear function of the reciprocal of the reduced temperature. When the adsorption energy is larger, the adsorption amount exhibits a maximum as the fraction of adsorbing segment increases. The adsorption isotherms of copolymers with different length of non-attractive segments can be mapped onto a single curve under given adsorption energy. The adsorption layer thickness decreases as the adsorption energy and the fraction of adsorbing segments increases, but it increhses as the length of non-attractive segments increases. The tails mainly govern the adsorption layer thickness.
REACTION KINETICS, CATALYSIS AND……
三元催化器冷起动排放的数值模拟:数学模型与结果分析
吴国江,黄震,陈晓玲
. 2004, 12(3): 363-371. doi:
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This paper integrated a two-dimensional axisymmetrical transient model applicable to cold-start emission applications. The model can be used to simulate and explain effects of the flow and temperature distribution on performance of a converter. The evolutions of distribution of the temperature and concentration in the monolith during the cold-start period and the effects of flow distribution in the monolith on the cold-start performance are simulated in terms of the integrated model. The investigation indicates that the axial and radial gradients of temperature of the solid become steeper as the inletgas temperature ramp increases; this furthermore results in the movement of reaction region in the monolith, and the flow distribution in the monolith affects the radial distribution of temperature of the solid;the radial gradients of temperature of the solid become greater as the flow uniformity indexdecreases, whereas the light-off time doesn’t always increase as the flow uniformity index decreases. The analyses on the distribution of temperature and concentration in the monolith show that the catalytic reaction zone concentrates in central area near the front face. The predicted curves of the velocity distribution have a good agreement with the experimental data.
滴流反应器的周期性填充:实验与模拟
刘国柱, 米镇涛
. 2004, 12(3): 372-378. doi:
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A periodic packing mode of trickle-bed reactor (TBR) for the gas limited reaction was proposed. Hydrogenation of 2-ethylanthraquinone over Pd/A12Oa in alaboratory-scale TBR was taken as a test reaction for determining whether the periodic packing mode is advantageous. The effects of operating conditions and packing type on TBR performance were experimentally examined to demonstrate the cause-effect relationships. A mathematic model of TBR considering axial dispersion and fractional wetting was developed to quantitatively illuminate the reason of performance enhancement.
新型液固循环移动床反应器中直链烷基苯合成研究
韩明汉, 徐聪, 崔哲, 金涌
. 2004, 12(3): 379-383. doi:
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For the alkylation of benzene with long-chain olefins, using Hβ zeolite catalyst as replacement of HF or A1Cl3 has the advantages of no corrosion, lessenvironmental pollution, and much more 2-phenyl isomer, which has the highest biodegradability and solubility, and better detergent properties among the related isomers. The characterization of the coke shows that the deactivation of catalyst is caused by the jam of bulkier molecules, such as naphthalene, indane and linear alkylbenzenes, which are too big to move quickly in the intracrystalline pores of catalyst. The deactivated catalyst can be regenerated by benzene washing at higher temperature. To make the processes of reaction and regeneration continuous, a novel moving bed reactor is developed. Comparing with the processes with fixed bed reactors, the processes in this work have the advantages of continuous operation, low temperature, low pressure, low mole ratio of benzene to olefins, and high weight hourly space velocity.
抑制碳负载钌基氨合成催化剂甲烷化的研究
祝一锋,李小年,季德春,刘化章
. 2004, 12(3): 384-387. doi:
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The effects of promoters K, Ba, Sm on the resistance to carbon-methanation and catalytic activity of ruthenium supported on active carbon (Ru/AC) for ammonia synthesis have been studied by means of TG-DTG (thermalgravity-differential thermalgravity), temperature-programmed desorption, and activity test. Promoters Ba,K, and Sm increased the activity of Ru/AC catalysts for ammonia synthesis significantly. Much higher activity can be reached for Ru/AC catalyst with bi- or tri-promoters. Indeed, the triply promoted catalyst showed the highest activity, coupled to a surprisingly high resistance to methanation. The ability of resistance of promoter to methanation of Ru/AC catalyst is dependent on the adsorption intensity of hydrogen. The strong adsorption of hydrogen would enhance methanation and impact the adsorption of nitrogen, which results in the decrease of catalytic activity.
中孔酸性蒙脱石基复合材料催化邻苯二酚-叔丁醇烷基化反应研究
周春晖,葛忠华,李小年,童东绅,李庆伟,郭红强
. 2004, 12(3): 388-394. doi:
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The liquid phase alkylation of catechol with tert-butyl alcohol to produce 4-tert-butyl catechol (4-TBC) was carried out over MCM-41, HZSM-5, H-exchanged montmorillonite and novel acidic porous montmorillonite heterostructures (PMHs). Upon all catalysts tested, 4-TBC is the main product and 3-tert-butylcatechol (3-TBC) and 3,5-di-tert-butyl catechol are the side products. The synthetic PMHs showed higher conversion of catechol and better selectivity to 4-TBC compared to other solid acid catalysts tested. Over the PMHs derived from H-exchanged montmorillonite through template extraction processes, the suitable reaction temperature is ca 410 K, the ratio of catechol to tert-butyl alcohol is 1:2. Increasing the amount of catalyst (lower weight hourly space velocity) can improve the conversion of catechol and influence the selectivity slightly. The reasonable reaction time is ca 8 h.The type and strength of acidity of H-montmorillonite and PMH were determined by pyridine adsorption FT-IR and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption techniques. The medium and strong acid sites are conducive to producing 4-TBC and the weak acid sites to facilitating the 3-TBC formation. The differences between the PMHs from calcination and those fi’om extraction are attributed to proton migration and acidity change in the gallery surface.
炭粒床高效工业除尘装置的设计与开发
张济宇,旷戈,林诚
. 2004, 12(3): 395-400. doi:
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The new dust removal technical route using the carbon-granular bed filter, packed of carbon particles with appropriate grade derive from an online-process vibration sieve, to replace the traditional baggy filter had been developed successfully for capturing the micro-carbon dusts produced from pulverization of petroleum coke,and the green close loop of carbon materials is thus completed in the combined pulverizing and classifying system and pulverized carbon dust removal process. The high dust removal efficiency greater than 99%, low outlet dust concentration less than 100 mg-m-S, low pressure drop through dust filtration chamber less than 980 Pa, simple and easy design, and flexible and stable operation were achieved also with the carbon-granular bed filter in both bench and industrial scale operations.
提高丙烯腈回收率的一种新型急冷工艺和急冷塔
甘永胜,顾军民,方永成
. 2004, 12(3): 401-407. doi:
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Quenching process and design of the quenching tower in acrylonitrile production in China were studied in order to decrease the polymerization loss of acrylonitrile in the quenching tower. Based on the research of acrylonitrile polymerization in the quenching tower, a new quenching process was proposed to avoid the disadvantages of the original process. Two kinds of internals were installed to improve the performance of the quenching tower. Through a series of air-flow and real-flow model experiments, the new quenching process and new design were showed to be successful in enhancing the mass and heat transfer in the vapor-liquid system and decreasing the loss of acrylonitrile.Industrial application showed satisfactory results of decrease of the acrylonitrile loss in the quenching tower by about 4.5% and increase of the acrylonitrile recovery of the whole plant by more than 4%.
` 强制不稳态环状反应器网络的特性
DavideFISSORE,Antonello A.BARRESI,Salvatore VELARDI,MarcoVANNI
. 2004, 12(3): 408-414. doi:
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The multi-reactors network, a closed sequence of two or more catalytic fixed bed reactors with periodical change of the feed position, was studied by means of numerical simulations. Two advantages of such a reactor configuration, the possibility of exploiting the thermal storage capacity of the catalyst and the optimal temperature profile for exothermic equilibrium-limited reactions, were analyzed. The former feature acting as a regenerative heat exchanger was simulated in the case of the combustion of lean volatile organic compound (VOC) mixtures, with the possibility of multiple stability windows found when rich mixtures are fed. The latter was demonstrated using the methanol synthesis, with the enhancement of the conversion and product selectivity predicted. The influence of the number of the reactors in the network was pointed out. Some results obtained in the reverse-flow reactors were also presented for comparison.
SYSTEM ENGINEERING
异步模拟移动床色谱的数值模拟
卢建刚
. 2004, 12(3): 415-420. doi:
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Asynchronous simulated moving bed chromatography (ASMBC), known also as the "VARICOL" process, is more efficient and flexible than the well-known and traditional simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC). A detailed model of ASMBC, taking account of non-linear competitive isotherms, mass transfer parameters, and complex port switching schedule parameters, was developed to simulate the complex dynamics of ASMBC.The simulated performance is in close agreement with the experimental data of chiral separation reported in the literature. The simulation results show that ASMBC can achieve the performance similar to SMBC with fewer columns and can achieve better performance than SMBC with the same total column number. All design and operation parameters canbe chosen correctly by numerical simulation. This detailed ASMBC model and the numerical technique are useful for design, operation, optimization and scale-up of ASMBC.
BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING
有机介质中脂肪酶促动力学拆发外消旋1-三甲基硅乙醇
吴虹,宗敏华,王菊芳,罗涤衡,娄文勇
. 2004, 12(3): 421-424. doi:
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The enantioselective esterification of racemic 1-trimethylsilylethanol with acids catalyzed by lipase in organic solvent was successfully performed. The influence of some factors on the reaction was investigated. Among the four lipases explored, Candlda rugosa lipase (CRL) showed the highest activity and enantioselectivity. Octanoic acid was the best acyl donor among the eleven acids studied and n-hexane was the most suitable medium for the reaction. The optimum shaking rate and temperature were found to be 150 r-rain-i and 20~(3 to 30~C, respectively.The enantiomeric excess of the remaining (S)-(-)-1-trimethylsilylethanol was 93% when substrate conversion was 53% upon incubation of the reaction mixture at 30~C, 150 r-rain-i for 12h.
PROCESS AND PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
N
-异丙基丙烯酰胺凝胶在NaCl水溶液中溶胀行为的预测研究
许小平,李忠琴,黄兴华,王绪绪,付贤智
. 2004, 12(3): 425-432. doi:
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In this paper, a model is presented to correlate and predict the swelling behavior of hydrogels in aqueous solutions of electrolytes. The model is a combination of VERS-model, "phantom network" theory and "free-volume" contribution. The VERS-model is used to calculate Gibbs excess energy; "phantom network" theory to describe the elastic properties of polymer network, and "free-volume" contribution to account for additional difference in the size of the species. To test the model, a series of N-isopropylacrylamide based hydrogels are synthesized by free radical polymerization in oxygen-free, deionized water at 25~C under nitrogen atmosphere. Then, the degree of swelling of all investigated gels as well as the partition of the solute between the gel phase and the surrounding coexisting liquid phase are measured in aqueous solution of sodium chloride. The model test demonstrates that the swelling behavior correlated and predicted by the model agrees with the experimental data within the experimental uncertainty. The phase transition appeared in the experiment, and the influences of the total mass fraction of polymerizable materials ξgel as well as the mole fraction of the crosslinking agent YCR on the swelling behavior of IPAAm-gels can also be predicted correctly. All these show the potential of such model for correlation and prediction of the swelling behavior of hydrogels in aqueous solutions of electrolytes.
一种新的芒硝制碱法实验室研究
王天贵,李佐虎
. 2004, 12(3): 433-438. doi:
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The purpose of this work is to find a new way for utilizing the rich sodium sulfate resource to produce soda ash. A novel process is proposed which usesaqueous dichromate solution as working medium through decomposition of calcium carbonate in aqueous sodium dichromate, complex decomposition of aqueoussodium sulfate and calcium chromate, regeneration of sodium dichromate and production of sodium bicarbonate from carbonation of aqueous sodium chromatesolution, processing and utilization of byproduct calcium sulfate, and production of sodium carbonate from sodium bicarbonate. The process has the features of less corrosion and pollution and low energy consumption.
RESEARCH NOTES
生物通风过程中的甲苯运移及生物降解
隋红,徐世民,李鑫钢,姜斌,黄国强
. 2004, 12(3): 439-443. doi:
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Bioventing is conducted on one-dimensional soil columns. A numerical model is developed for simulating the mass exchange, adivective and dispersive transport and biodegradation of toluene. The model parameters are estimated independently through laboratory batch experiments, or from literature. Simulations are found to provide reasonable agreement with experimental data. Experimental results show that toluene removal due to biodegradiation is more important at the later stage. The total cleanup time when NAPL (non-aqueous phase liquid) phase exists was twice more than that without NAPL. Sensitivity analysis of parameters suggests that model predictions are mainly dependent on mass transfer coefficient and microbial parameters, such as the half-saturation coefficient and maximum specific substrate utilization rate.
电动天平中微米单颗粒轨迹的数值模拟
冯昭华,朱家骅, 杨雪峰,夏素兰,关国强,DavisE.J.
. 2004, 12(3): 444-447. doi:
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By introducing Oseen’s formula to describe the viscous drag force, a more complete motion equation for a charged microparticle levitated in an electrodynamic balance (EDB) has been put forward and solved numerically by the classic Runge-Kutta method in this paper. The theoretical results have firstly demonstrated the existence of the particle oscillations and their characteristics, especially of the springpoint oscillation at large amplitude .And through the comparisons of theoretical and experimental trajectories, the adopted motion equation has proved to be able to rigorously describe the particle motion in non-Stokes region--the shape of trajectory and frequencycharacteristics are fairlv consistent and the deviations of amnliturla can usually be less than 10%.
FCC汽油中硫醚硫的测定——四乙酸铅电位滴定法
罗立文,夏道宏
. 2004, 12(3): 448-450. doi:
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Compared with conventional method of violet spectrum, determination of the content of sulfides in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline by using the potentiometric titration of lead tetraacetate has some advantages such as clear potentiometric abrupt change at the stoichiometric point, stable potentiometric value, exact and credible results, and simple operation. The content of sulfides in FCC gasoline of Shenghua refinery is 0.136% by this method. The standard deviation about this method is less than 0.01% and the relative standard deviation is less than 2.42%.
应用降膜结晶法将十二烷二酸从同系物中分离及精制
李裕,刘有智,齐雪琴
. 2004, 12(3): 451-453. doi:
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Separation and purification of dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) from its homologous compounds were studied experimentally by falling film crystallization (FFC). The influences of various operation parameters, including crystallizing time, flow rate of melt and temperature of glycerine bath, on purity of DDDA and crystallizing rate were investigated. Over 99% (by mole) DDDA was obtained for a feed composition of 96% (by mole). The main factors affecting the separation efficiency are flow rate of melt and temperature of glycerine bath. The crystallizing layer of DDDA was further purified by sweating and blasting. A set of optimized operation data are provided for better understanding the mechanism of heat and mass transfer in FFC, and for further industrial application of DDDA purification process.
PSRK模型的修正混合规则及其应用于聚合物溶液汽液平衡的预测
李敏,王利生,J.Gmehling
. 2004, 12(3): 454-457. doi:
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To extend the PSRK (predictive Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state) model to vapor-liquid equilibria of polymer solutions, a new EOS-gE mixing rule is applied in which the term ∑xiln(b/bi) in the PSRK mixing rule for the parameter a, and the combinatorial part in the original universal functional activity coefficient (UNIFAC) model are cancelled. To take into account the free volume contribution to the excess Gibbs energy in polymer solution, a quadratic mixing rule for the cross co-volume bij with an exponent equals to 1/2 is applied [bij^1/2=1/2(bi1/2+bj1/2)]. The literature reported Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state (SRK EOS) parameters of i3 - 2- pure polymer are employed. The PSRK model with the modified mixing rule is used to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of 37 solvent-polymer systems over a large range of temperature and pressure with satisfactory results.
烧结复合式烧结金属丝网颗粒移动床过滤器研究
吴晋沪,王洋
. 2004, 12(3): 458-462. doi:
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A new gas clean-up process called "integrated sintered metal screen moving granular bed" (ISMSMGB) for the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and pressured fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) was developed on the basis of a sintered metal candle filter and a cross-flow moving granular bed filter. This is a combination of the surface and deep bed filtering processes. A set of facilities was established and a series of cold model tests were carried out. The dust removal efficiency and the pressure drop of the filter were measured and analyzed. The results show that this process features the advantages of the moving bed for high capacity as well as high inlet dust load and the surface filter for high efficiency. Meanwhile, the granules moving downward cleans the cake on the screen surface, so that the system is operated at steady state.
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1982年创刊 月刊
主编:费维扬
执行主编:骆广生
主管:中国科学技术协会
主办:中国化工学会/化学工业出版社有限公司
ISSN: 1004-9541
CN: 11-3270/TQ
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