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SCI和EI收录∣中国化工学会会刊
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English
本期目录
2004年 第12卷 第4期 刊出日期:2004-08-28
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TRANSPORT PHENOMENA & FLUID MECHANICS
用重整化群理论研究硬核Asakura-Oosawa流体的相平衡
付东
. 2004, 12(4): 463-469. doi:
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An analytical equation of state (EOS) for hard core Asakura-Oosawa (AO) fluid is established by combining the AO potential, the first-order perturbation theory and the radial distribution function (RDF) for the hard sphere fluid.The phase equilibria are studied by using the renormalization-group (RG) theory. The obtained results agree well with the simulation data. Investigation shows that the attractive range parameter plays an important role in the phase equilibria for AO fluid.
利用二元水溶液的水活度数据预测混合水溶液的水活度
刘艳升,徐春明,胡玉峰,严骏
. 2004, 12(4): 470-475. doi:
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The equation of Patwardhan and Kumar for water activities of mixed electrolyte solutions is extended to aqueous solutions containing non-electrolytes. This equation and the linear isopiestic relation are used to predict water activities of 56 ternary aqueous solutions in terms of the data of their binary subsystems. Both equation of Patwardhan and Kumar and the linear isopiestic relation can provide good predictions for water activities of the present 40 electrolyte solutions, and the linear isopiestic relation generally yields better predictions. The predictions of the extended equation of Patwardhan and Kumar and the linear isopiestic relation are in general quite reasonable for the present 8 ternary solutions of electrolytes and non-electrolytes, and the results of the linear isopiestic relation are usually better. The predictions of these two methods generally agree well with the experimental data for the 8 non-electrolyte mixtures being studied, and the linear isoniestic relation is better.
用改进ECT技术测定油气两相流中空泡分数的测量研究
牛刚,贾志海,王经
. 2004, 12(4): 476-481. doi:
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To measure the void fraction online in oil-gas pipeline, an improved electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system has been designed. The capacitance sensor with new structure has twelve internal electrodes and overcomes the influence of the pipe wall. The data collection system is improved by using high performance IC (integrated circuit). Static tests of bubble flow, stratified flow and annular flow regime are carried out. Measurements are taken on bubble flow, stratified flow and slug flow. Results show that the new ECT system performs well on void fraction measurement of bubble flow and stratified flow, but the error of measurement for slug flow is more than 10%.
SEPARATION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
在高压下规整填料中的流动实验研究
唐忠利,张鹏,陈江波,刘春江,袁希钢,徐国琮
. 2004, 12(4): 482-485. doi:
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Both distillation performance and hydrodynamic study for backmixing by tracer technique were carried out in a high-pressure packed column with 0.15 m inner diameter over a wide range of operating conditions. Isobutane and n-pentane are employed as test mixture in the distillation experiment and air/water is used for the hydrodynamic study. The column is installed with Mellapak 350Y structured packing and the total packing height is 2.0 m. With the increasing operating pressure, the separation efficiency increases slightly while the F-factor corresponding to the maximum efficiency at each pressure is descending. It is noted that, at all operating pressures, with the increase of F-factor, the packing efficiency is slightly higher up to the flooding point. The application of SRP model to high-pressure distillation gives much lower values of HTUOG than those obtained experimentally. An additional term, the height of mixing unit, is introduced to correct the SRP model and improve its accuracy at high pressure. From the tracer experiments, the height of mixing unit for gas phase was found to be larger than that for the liquid phase. From this viewpoint, it is believed that the gas phase backmixing givesmore unfavorable influence on the separation efficiency in comparison with liquid phase.
偶联阳离子表面活性剂和常用阴离子表面活性剂混合溶液的相分离和微观结构
尚亚卓, 刘洪来, 胡英
. 2004, 12(4): 486-492. doi:
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The properties of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of mixed solution containing gemini cationic surfactant trimethylene-l,3-bis(dodecyldimethyl ammonium) bromide (12-3-12, 2Br-) and traditional anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with or without added salt have been studied. An ATPS is formedin a narrow region of the ternary phase diagram different from that of traditional aqueous cationic-anionic surfactant systems. In ATPS region, the lowest total concentration of surfactants varies with the mixing ratio of geminis to SDS. Photographs obtained from freeze-etching, negative-staining and transmission electron microscopy show that the microstructures of two phases are different from each other. Micelles and vesicles can coexist in a singlephase. The addition of salts can change the phase diagram of ATPS. Furthermore, the added salts promote the aggregation of rod-like micelles to form coarse network structure that increase the viscosity of solutions. The negative ions of the added salts are the determining factor.
替考拉宁在不同液液萃取体系中分配系数的测定
陈勇,徐志南,金志华,岑沛霖
. 2004, 12(4): 493-497. doi:
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Teicoplanin is one of the macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics, which is active against Gram-positive bacteria, and has attracted a lot of attention in the field of chiral separation recently. In this work, the partition coefficients and extraction ratio of teicoplanin in three different solvent systemswere studied: conventional extraction, reactive extraction and reverse micelle extraction. With conventional solvent extraction, n-butanol demonstratedhigh partition coefficient for teicoplanin, but low extraction ratio because of its high solubility in water. Reactive extraction of teicoplanin showed the highest partition coefficient with almost 100% recovery in organic phase when tri-n-octylmethyl ammonium chloride (TOMAC) was used as extractant and pH value was above 5.0. A reverse micelle system, consisted of isooctane +10 mmol-L^-1 TOMAC -t-1% n-octanol, also offered high separation factor for teicoplanin. The results are beneficial for the design of teicoplanin separation and purification process.
REACTION KINETICS, CATALYSIS AND……
超临界条件下化学反应最新研究进展
唐忠,谢文华,宗保宁,闵恩泽
. 2004, 12(4): 498-504. doi:
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Chemical reactions (such as hydrogenation, hydroformylation, alkylation, esterification, etc.) at supercritical conditions afford opportunities to manipulate the solubility of reactants and products, to eliminate interphase transport limitations in the reaction systems, and to be beneficial to the environment. This review concentrates on the most recent developments after 2001 with only a brief summary of pioneering research work before 2001.
Pd/Fe对-二氯苯的催化脱氯及其动力学
周红艺,徐新华,汪大翚
. 2004, 12(4): 505-509. doi:
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o-Dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) was dechlorinated by Pd/Fe powder in water through catalytic reduction. The dechlorination reaction is believed to take place on the surface site of the catalyst via a pseudo-first-order reaction. The final reduction product of o-DCB is benzene. The dechlorination rate increases with the increase of bulk loading of palladium due to the increase of both the surface loading of palladium and the total surface area. Dechlorinationefficiency accounts for 90% at Pd/Fe mass ratio 0.02% and metal to solution ratio about 53.3 g·L^-1 in 120 minutes. Dechlorination is affected by the reaction temperature, pH, Pd/Fe ratio and the addition of Pd/Fe. Ea is found to be 102.5kJ·mol^-1 in the temperature range of 287--313K.
SYSTEM ENGINEERING
一种用于计算机辅助产物设计中基于BP-NN优化问题的求解方法
周祥,何小荣,陈丙珍
. 2004, 12(4): 510-514. doi:
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Because of the powerful mapping ability, back propagation neural network (BP-NN) has been employed in computer-aided product design (CAPD) to establish the property prediction model. The backward problem in CAPD is to search for the appropriate structure or composition of the product with desired property, which is an optimization problem. In this paper, a global optimization method of using the a BB algorithm to solve the backward problem is presented. In particular, a convex lower bounding function is constructed for the objective function formulated with BP-NN model, and the calculation of the key parameter a is implemented by recurring to the interval Hessian matrix of the objective function. Two case studies involving the design of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitors and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nano composites are investigated using the proposed method.
THERMODYNAMICS
乙烯分子在狭缝炭孔内的毛细相变和自扩散
刘涛,刘洪来,袁渭康
. 2004, 12(4): 515-520. doi:
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The grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), the canonical Monte Carlo by using equal probability perturbation, and the molecular dynamics (MD) methods were used to study the capillary phase-transition (capillary condensation and evaporation) and self-diffusion for a simple Lennard-Jones model of ethylene confined in slit carbon pores of 2.109 nm at temperatures between 141.26 K and 201.80 K. The critical point of capillary phase-transition was extrapolatedby the critical power law and the law of rectilinear diameter from the capillary phase-transition data in the near critical region. The effects of temperature and fluid density on the parallel self-diffusion coefficients of ethylene molecules confined in the slit carbon pores were examined. The resultsshowed that the parallel selfdiffusion coefficients in the capillary phase transition area strongly depended on the fluids local densities in the slit carbon pores.
293.15K到333.15K温度下一些氨基酸及其相应基团水溶液中的偏摩尔体积研究
赵长伟,马沛生,夏淑倩
. 2004, 12(4): 521-526. doi:
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Abstract Densities of aqueous solutions of eight amino acids, glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-arginine and L-phenylalanine, are measured as a function of amino acid concentration from 293.15 K to 333.15 K. These data are used to calculate the apparent molar volume Vφ^0 and infinite dilution apparent molar volume Vφ^0 (partial molar volume). Data of five amino acids are used to correlate partial molar volume Vφ^00 using group contribution method to estimate the contributions of the zwitterionic end groups (NH+,COO-) and CH2 group, OH group, CNHNHNH2 group and C6H5(phenyl) group of amino acids. The results show that Vφ^0 values for all kinds of groups of amino acids studied increase with increase of temperature except those for CH2^φ group, which are almost constant within the studied temperature range. Data of other amino acids, L-valine, L-isoleucine and L-threonine, are chosen for comparison with the predicted partial molar volume Vφ^0 using the group additivity parameters obtained. The results confirm that this group additivity method has excellent predictive utility.
流动体系中的水合物成核诱导期研究
孙长宇,陈光进,岳国良
. 2004, 12(4): 527-531. doi:
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The appearance of turbidity due to large numbers of critical size hydrate nuclei may significantly affect the outgoing light intensity and the flow resistance in the pipe loop. The induction period of hydrate formation was determined by analyzing the experimental data——either based on the shading ratio data of laser detector or based on the pressure drop data of the flow system. The induction period of CC12F2 (R12) in pure water and that of CH4 in (tetrahydrofuran + water) systems were then measured with the above two methods. Experimental data show that the induction period depends on the driving force exponentially. Flow rate also has a significant influence on the hydrate nucleation. A new induction period model taking the driving force and liquid flow rate into account was proposed. And it is successfully applied to the calculation of the induction period, which is in good agreement with the experimental data obtained in this study.
高温高压下湿空气循环中增湿塔的计算研究
丁皓,陆小华,吉晓燕,秦建华
. 2004, 12(4): 532-536. doi:
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Humidification is an important step in humid air turbine system. The calculation on humidification is carried out at 423.15—573.15K, 5—15MPa. The results suggest that to produce high-enthalpy moist air, high water temperature and large water flow are needed. The water temperature is the most sensitiveparameter to the humidification tower. And it is better for the humidification tower to work at temperature higher than 523 K when the system pressure is higher than 5 MPa. The comparison between the model used in this paper and ideal model shows that the ideal model can be used in simulation to simply the calculation when the temperature is lower than 473K and pressure is lower than 5MPa.
二元混合物环丁酚和对二甲苯、乙苯在温度范围为303.15—353.15K下的密度、黏度及其相关性质
杨长生,马沛生,周清
. 2004, 12(4): 537-542. doi:
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Densities and viscosities of the binary systems of sulfolane+ethylbenzene, sulfolane+p-xylene have been experimentally determined in temperature interval 303.15—353.15 K and at atmospheric pressure for the whole composition range. The excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations were computed. The computed quantities have been fitted to Redlich-Kister equation. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviation show a systematic change with increasing temperature. Two mixtures exhibit negative excess volumes with a minimum which occurs approximately at χ = 0.5. The effect of the size, shape and interaction of components on excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations is discussed.
BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING
离子液介质中生物催化与生物转化的研究进展
娄文勇,宗敏华,吴虹,许若
. 2004, 12(4): 543-549. doi:
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Ionic liquids have negligibly low vapor pressure, high stability and polarity. They are regarded as green solvents. Enzymes, especially lipases, as wellas whole-cell of microbe, are catalytically active in ionic liquids or aqueous-ionic liquid biphasic systems. Up to date, there have been many reports on enzyme-exhibited features and enzyme-mediated reactions in ionic liquids. In many cases, remarkable results with respect to yield, catalytic activity, stability and (enantio-, regio-) selectivity were obtained in ionic liquids in comparison with those observed in conventional media. Accordingly, ionic liquids provide new possibilities for the application of new type of solvent in biocatalytic reactions.
一种通过重组大肠杆菌和重组恶臭假单胞菌生产3-羟基癸酸的新方法
郑重,宫强,陈国强
. 2004, 12(4): 550-555. doi:
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3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3HD) is an interesting intermediate for chemical synthesis of many valuable compounds. A novel method to produce 3HD by recombinant bacteria was constructed in Escherichia coli HB101 and Pseudomonas putida GPp104, respectively. Simultaneous expression of both phaG encoding (R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP:CoA transacylase and tesB encoding thioesterase Ⅱ in E. coli HB101 increased 3HD production approximate 1.7-folds compared with the expression of phaG gene alone under identical conditions. In addition, when the tesB gene was introduced into the strain, the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase negative strain P. putida GPpl04 produced extracellular 3HD. Thus, a novel pathway to produce 3HD by recombinant Pseudomonas was constructed. It was also found that the ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source affected the production of 3HD by recombinant P.putida harboring tesB gene. Nitrogen limitation seemed to promote the extracellular 3HD production.
一种温敏性水凝胶复性体系:聚
N
-异丙基丙烯酰胺的制备及其在溶菌本科复性中的应用
崔志芳,关怡新,姚善泾
. 2004, 12(4): 556-560. doi:
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Temperature-sensitive hydrogel—poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPA) was prepared and applied to protein refolding. PNIPA gel disks and gel particles were synthesized by the solution polymerization and inverse suspension polymerization respectively. The swelling kinetics of the gels was also studied. With these prepared PNIPA gels, the model protein lysozyme was renatured. Within 24h, PNIPA gel disks improved the yield of lysozyme activity by 49.3% from 3375.2U·mg^-1 to 5038.8U·mg^-1. With the addition of faster response PNIPA gel beads, the total lysozyme activity recovery was about 68.98% in 3h, as compared with 42.03% by simple batch dilution. The novel refolding system with PNIPA enables efficient refolding especially at high protein concentrations. Discussion about the mechanism revealed that when PNIPA gels were added into the refolding buffer, the hydrophobic interactions between denaturedproteins and polymer gels could prevent the aggregation of refolding intermediates, thus enhanced the protein renaturation.
固定庆反应器中非
α
-生育酚转型为
α
-生育酚的研究
陈明,吴彩娟,任其龙,杨亦文,黄梅
. 2004, 12(4): 561-565. doi:
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Since α-tocopherol has special biological and nutritional activities, it is important to convert non-α-tocopherols to α-tocopherol. This paper focuses on the effects of residence time, pressure, temperature and the mass ratio of formaldehyde to tocopherols on the content of α-tocopherol, the conversion of non-α-tocopherols, the selectivity and yield of α-tocopherol in a fixed-bed reactor. The reactor is made from φ12 (I.D.)×360mm stainless steel pipe. It is packed with a mixture of 5% Pd/C and cation exchange resin catalysts. Preliminary results indicated the suitable operation conditions are pressure 5.0 MPa, temperature 180℃, and mass ratio of formaldehyde to tocopherols 2.0. A product of more than 50% α-tocopherol content has been obtained by using 88.85% mixed tocopherols as raw material.
PROCESS AND PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
二氧化硫对石灰石的直接硫酸盐化作用的热重分析的研究与建模
R.Hallaj,M.Nikazar,B.Dabir
. 2004, 12(4): 566-569. doi:
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The direct sulfation of limestone from different sources in Iran was studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer under atmospheric pressure. All limestone samples tested have higher than 97% CaCO3, Experimental conditions were as follows: particle size levels ranging from 1.6μm to 7.8 μm, four level reaction temperatures (700℃, 750℃, 800℃ and 850℃), and two SO2 concentrations (2.4×10^-3 and 3.2×10^-3 mol.mol-1). The particle size and temperature showed dominant influences on the rate and level of conversion while the effect of SO2 concentration was weak. The shrinking core model can be used to describe the behavior of the sulfation process. The reaction kinetics and diffusion mechanism are both important in controlling the rate of the process. The two key parameters of the model, chemical rate constant Ks and effective diffusion coefficient Deft were obtained. Model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.
二茂铁四氟硼酸盐用作潜热阳离子引发剂对环氧树脂的热固化引发环氧化合物阳离子热聚合
王涛,王志华,刘金萍
. 2004, 12(4): 570-573. doi:
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A novel latent thermal initiator, ferricenium tetrafluoroborate salt (FcBF4), for cationic polymerization of epoxides is reported. The activities of FcBF4 for different epoxides, including bisphenol-A-type epoxy oligomer E44, cycloaliphatic epoxy ERL4221, and glycidylether epoxy GGE, were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed a moderate thermal initiation activity for E44 and GGE at 78℃ and 108℃ respectively. When aadding GGE to E44, the reaction was enhanced. The temperature of thermal degradation of the cured specimens for the system of E44/FcBF4, E44+10%GGE/FcBF4 and E44+10%ERL4221/FcBF4 is higher than 350℃.
RESEARCH NOTES
陶瓷膜乳化系统制备单分散乳状液的研究——集成式膜乳化反应器的前期研究
景文珩,吴俊,邢卫红,徐南平
. 2004, 12(4): 574-576. doi:
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A new reactor with integrated conventional slurry stirred reactor and ceramic external membrane emulsification system, was introduced in this paper. Toluene and toluene containing surfactant was separately used as dispersed phase for preparation of emulsions. Two kinds of emulsions were prepared and compared. The volume average sizes of prepared emulsions were 3.53μm and 3.6μm respectively. The results showed that the droplet sizes of two kinds of emulsions were similar, but the monodispersed emulsion was only obtained with addition of surfactant into the dispersed phase.
利用最大泡压法研究扩散控制的溶液表面吸附动力学
刘俊吉,王创业,MESSOWUlf
. 2004, 12(4): 577-581. doi:
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In studying the diffusion-controlled adsorption kinetics of aqueous surfactant solutions at the air/solution surface by means of the maximal bubble pressure method, Fick’s diffusion equation for a sphere should be used. In this paper the equation was solved by means of Laplace transformation under different initial and boundary conditions. The dynamic surface adsorption F(t) for a surfactant solution, which was used to describe the diffusion-controlledsorption kinetics at the solution surface, was derived. Different from the planar surf aceadsorption, the dynamic surface adsorption Г(t) for the short time consists of two terms: one is the same as Ward-Tordai equation and the other reflects the geometric effect caused by the spherical bubble surface. This effect should not be neglected for the very small radius of the capillary. The equilibrium surface tension γeq and the dynamic surface tension γ(t) of aqueous C10E6 [CH3(CH2)9(OCH2CH2)6OH] solution at temperature 25℃ were measured by means of Wilhelmy plate method and maximal bubble pressure method respectively. As t→0, the theoretical analysis is in good agreement with experimental results and the dependence of γ(t) on (√t+r0/√πD)^2 is linear.
基于人工神经网络的滴流床脉冲流频率的预测
刘国柱,米镇涛
. 2004, 12(4): 582-585. doi:
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An extensive database (946 measurements) for the frequency of pulsing flow in trickle beds was established by collecting the experimental results published over past 30 years. A new correlation based on artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the pulsation frequency was developed. Seven dimensionlessnumbers (groups) employed in the proposed correlation were liquid and gas Reynolds, liquid Weber, liquid Eǒtvǒs, gas Froude, and gas Stokes numbers and a bed correction factor. The comparisons of performance reported in the of literature and present correlations show that ANN correlation is a significant improvement in predicting pulsation frequency with an average absolute relative error (AARE) of 10% and a standard deviation less than 18%.
PDMS复合膜从发酵液中渗透汽化回收乙醇
伍勇,黄卫星,肖泽仪,钟月华
. 2004, 12(4): 586-589. doi:
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The pervaporation behavior of fermentation broth was investigated experimentally and compared with those started with ethanol mixtures. Ethanol was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizing technical grade glucose and recovered by pervaporation using a composite polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane prepared in our laboratory. Ethanol concentration in fermentation broth decreased to a relatively low level when pervaporation was coupled with fermentation. The more active cells appeared in the fermentation broth, the better the membrane performance was.
胞外高分子物质对基质在复合生物膜内传质速率影响的测定
曹宏斌,李鑫钢,姜斌,孙津生,张懿
. 2004, 12(4): 590-594. doi:
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A model, for evaluating the effect of porosity and volume fraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within multispecies biofilms on the effective diffusivity, is developed and experimentally validated, based on the extraction of EPS from intact biofilms. The amount of EPS in biofilms significantly affects the effective diffusivity. For biofilms with porosity of 77%—95% in the top layers and 54%—58% in the bottom layers, the value of De/Dw decreases from 0.52—0.83 in the top layers to 0.23—0.31 in the bottom layers. Generally, the effective diffusivity in the heterotrophic/autotrophic biofilms is slightly lower than that in the heterotrophic biofilms, due to the lower porosity in the heterotrophic/autotrophic biofilms.
纳米级金属和金属复合物粉末对高氯酸铵和高氯酸铵/聚合丁二烯复合固体推进剂热分解特性的影响
刘磊力,李凤生,谈玲华,李敏,杨毅
. 2004, 12(4): 595-598. doi:
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Effects of metal (Ni, Cu, Al) and composite metal (NiB, NiCu, NiCuB) nanopowders on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and compositesolid propellant ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyterminated polybutadiene (AP/HTPB) were studied by thermal analysis (DTA). The results show that metal and composite metal nanopowders all have good catalytic effects on the thermal decomposition of AP and AP/HTPB composite solid propellant. The effects of metal nanopowders on the thermal decomposition of AP are less than those of the composite metal nanopowders. The effects of metal and composite metal nanopowders on the thermal decomposition of AP are different from those on the thermal decomposition of the AP/HTPB composite solid propellant.
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1982年创刊 月刊
主编:费维扬
执行主编:骆广生
主管:中国科学技术协会
主办:中国化工学会/化学工业出版社有限公司
ISSN: 1004-9541
CN: 11-3270/TQ
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