The adsorption equilibria of n-heptane, n-octane and n-nonane on silicalite and ZSM-5 have
been measured in the temperature range of 373.15--473.15K under low pressure (0－5.332kPa).
All the experimental data can be represented by a generalized characteristic curve of the
extended adsorption potential theory utilizing the parameter of the initial heat of
adsorption, which is estimated reasonably by a new approach.

According to the simulation of nitrogen sorption process in porous media with three-
dimensional network model, and the analysis for such a process with percolation theory, a
new method is proposed to determine a pore structure parameter－mean coordination number of
pore network, which represents the connectivity among a great number of pores. Here the
“chamber-throat” model and the Weibull distribution are used to describe the pore
geometry and the pore size distribution respectively. This method is based on the scaling
law of percolation theory after both effects of sorption thermodynamics and pore size on
the sorption hysteresis loops are considered. The results show that it is an effective
procedure to calculate the mean coordination number for micro- and meso-porous media.

The separation characteristics of the PVA-CS (polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan) blended composite
membrane for dehydration of ethanol-water mixture are examined. The relationships of flux
and separation factor with the feed concentration and operation temperature are
established. Using this correlated equation, the continuous-flow pervaporation process
about 500 kilolitres/year dehydrated ethanol is designed. The numbers of stage and reheater
are calculated by stage-by-stage method for two kinds of cascades: one with equal membrane
area and the other with 10℃C of temperature decrement per section. The results show that
when the numbers of stage and reheater are the same, the cascade with 10℃C of temperature
decrement has more advantages than that with equal membrane area. The influences of feed
concentration and flow rate on the numbers of stage and reheater in the cascades are
discnssed.

A series of extraction equilibrium experiments for aminobenzoic acid with di(2-ethylhexyl)
phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dissolved in n-octane or 1-octanol was carried out. The effects of
aminobenzoic acid concentration, D2EHPA concentration and pH on the distribution ratio were
discussed in detail. The infrared spectra of the organic phase loaded with solute
illustrated that pH had little effect on the structure of the complex formed. There proceed
ion association and cation-exchange reaction in the extraction. An expression of the
equilibrium distribution was proposed.

Based on the theory of reactive extraction, new solvent systems were developed to replace
butylacetate for extraction of macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, kitasamycin, spiramycin
meleumycin etc.). A new neutral complex solvent extraction system, fatty alcohol-kerosene
(marked by E1), was used for extraction of erythromycin, one of the macrolide antibiotics.
The extraction equilibrium equation is obtained, and the extraction distribution is as
follows The effects of several parameters on extraction equilibrium were investigated.
Furthermore, a new synergistic extraction system (marked by E2) was developed, in which
another solvent was used as synergistic agent to replace the diluent kerosene in the
neutral complex extraction system. Based on these new extraction systems, an improved
process for extraction of erythromycin was developed, showing remarkable advantages in
technology and economics owing to its low solvent consumption of 3kg per billion unit
compared with 9－10 for butylacetate. The recovery process of solvent from raffinate may be
eliminated.

The synthesis route was investigated and optimized for the preparation of iminodiacetic
acid polyethylene glycol (IDA-PEG) for immobilized metal ion affinity partitioning in
aqueous two-phaze systems. IDA PEG was synthesized from PEG in two steps by the reaction of
iminodiacetic acid with a monosubetituted derivative of epichlorohydrin-activated PEG. The
Cu2+ content combined with IDA-PEG was determined by atomic absorp tion spectrometry as 0.5
mol.mol-1 (PEG). Furthermore, the affinity partitioning behavior of lactate dehydrogenase
in polyethylene glycol/hydroxypropyl starch aqueous two-phaze systems was studied to
clarify the affinity effect of the Cu(Ⅱ)-IDA-PEG.

Adsorption, surface reaction and process dynamics on the surface of a commercial copper-
based cata lyst for methanol synthesis from CO/CO2/H2 were systematically studied by means
of temperature programmed desorption (TPD), tsmperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR),
in-situ Fourier transform-inferred spec troscopy(FTIR) and stimulua-response techniques. As
a part of results, an elementary step sequence was suggested and a group of ordinary
differential equations (ODEs) for describing transient conversations relevant to all
species on the catalyst surface and in the gas phase in a micro-fixed-bed reactor was
derived. The values of the parameters referred to dynamic kinetics were estimated by
fitting the solution of the ODEs with the transient response data obtained by the stimulus
-response technique with a FTIR analyzer as an on-line detector.

A pilot-scale apparatus for continuous supercritical and near-critical water reaction was
set up. A high- pressure slurry supplying system was developed to feed the solid material-
water slurries. The apparatus features temperature up to 600℃, pressure up to 40MPa,
residence time from 24s to 15min, maximum amount of slurry supply of 2.4 L.h-1, maximum
solid content of slurry up to 10%(by mass) for cellulose from Merck, and resistance to
corrosion. Long-time runs of decomposition of cellulose were carried out and steady runs
were confirmed. Kinetics of cellulose decomposition was studied. The apparent activation
energy evaluated was 147kJ·mol-1. In addition, a new three-step pathway for cellulose
hydrolysis was proposed. The derived kinetic equation is in good agreement with the
experimental data.

Among the processing conditions of injection molding, temperature of the melt entering the
mold plays a significant role in determining the quality of molded parts. In our previous
research, a neural network was developed to predict, the melt temperature in the barrel
during the plastication phase. In this paper, a neural network is proposed to predict the
melt temperature at the nozzle exit during the injection phase. A typical two layer neural
network with back propagation learning rules is used to model the relationship between
input and output in the injection phase. The preliminary results show that the network
works well and may be used for on-line optimization and control of injection molding
processes.

A two-stage multi-objective optimization model-predictive control algorithms(MPC) strategy
is pre sented. A domain MPC controller with input constraints is used to increase freedom
for steady-state objective and enhance stabilization of the controller. A steady-state
objective optimization algorithm oriented to transient process is adopted to realize
optimization of objectives else than dynamic control. It is proved that .the stabilization
for both dynamic control and steady-state objective optimization can be guaranteed. The
theoretical results are demonstrated and discussed using a distillation tower as the model.
Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this control strategy is efficient
and provides a good strategic solution to practical process control.

The assessment of control configurations for an ideal heat integrated distillation column
incorporated with an overhead condenser and a bottom reboiler (general HIDiC) is addressed
in this work. It is found that double ratio control configuration, (L/D, V/B), is still the
best one among all the possibilities. The control configuration, (Pr - Ps, q), appears to
be a feasible one for the general HIDiC and the pressure difference between the rectifying
and the stripping sections and feed thermal condition are expected to be consistent
manipulative variables for the process. The performance of the general HIDiC can be
substantially improved by employing effective multivariable control algorithms.

Erosion-corrosion of liquid-solid two-phase flow occurring in a pipe with sudden expansion
in cross section is numerically simulated in this paper. The global model for erosion-
corrosion process includes three main components: the liquid-solid two-phase flow model,
erosion model and corrosion model. The Euierian-Lagranglan approach is used to simulate
liquid-solid two-phase flow, while the stochastic trajectory model was adopted to obtain
properties of particle phase. Two-way coupling effect between the fluid and the particle
phase is considered in the model. The accuracy of the models is tested by the data in the
reference. The comparison shows that the model is basically correct and feasible.

Certain prerequisite information on the component fluxes is necessary for solution of the
Stefan-Maxwell equation in multicomponent diffusion systems and the Graham’s law of
diffusion and effusion is often resorted for this purpose. This article addresses solution
of the Stefan-Maxwell equation in binary gas systems and explores the necessary conditions
for definite solution of concentration profiles and pertinent component fluxes. It is found
that there are multiple solutions for component fluxes in contradiction to what specified
by the Graham’s law of diffusion. The theorem of minimum entropy production in the non-
equilibrium thermodynamics is believed instructive in determining the stable steady state
solution out of infinite multiple solutions possible under the specified conditions. It is
suggested that only when the boundary condition of component concentration is symmetrical
in an isothermal binary system, the counter-diffusion becomes equimolar. The Graham’s law
of diffusion seems not generally valid for the case of isothermal ordinary diffusion.

Necessary and sufficient conditions for azeotropy in reactive mixtures are derived in terms
of elemental composition, which shows that in the space of elemental compositions, they
take the same functional form as the conditions for azeotropy in non-reactive mixtures. The
production of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is taken as an example. It is found that there
are a “pseudo” intermediate-boiling ternary reactive azeotrope at p = 101.325 kPa and two
“real” ternary reactive azeotropas at p = 101.325 Pa. The introduced elemental
compositions also reduce the dimensionality of the phase diagrams and provide a natural set
of variables for visualization of phase behavior.

Seven novel fluorescent coumarin derivatives were synthesized from 7-diethylamino-4-chloro
-3-formyl coumarin. The spectra of absorption, excitation and emission were dependent not
only on the structures and also on the concentration of dyes. The PPP-MO predictions can
only be consistent with the spectra in dilute solutions.

The oxidative dehydrogenation of butane to butadiene and butene was studied using a
conventional fixed-bed ractor (FBR), inert membrane reactor (IMR) and mixed inert membrane
reactor (MIMR). When IMR and MIMR were employed, a ceramic membrane modified by partially
coating with glaze was used to distribute oxygen to a fixed-bed of 24-V-Mg-O catalyst. The
oxygen partial pressure in the catalyst bed could be decreased. The effect of feeding modes
and operation conditions were investigated. The selectivity of C4 dehydrogenation products
(butene and butadiene) was found to be higher in IMR than in FBR. The feeding mode with 20%
of air mixing with butane in MIMR was found to be more efficient than the feeding mode with
all air permeating through ceramic membrane. The MIMR gave the most smooth temperature
profile along the bed.

It is a multi-phase-catalyzed reaction to produce calcium phenylpyruvate by double
carbonylation of benzylchloride. Based on the analysis of the reaction mechanism, a kinetic
model of the carbonylation reaction was obtained. The model was verified through
experiments in which the diffusion effect was neglected with the appropriate operation
manner. But it is inevitable that the carbonylation process is controlled by diffusion as
the autoclave scaling up.

A new model without any fitting parameter for estimating the mean liquid recirculating
velocity has been derived from previous work directly. The prediction agrees with
experimental data reasonably well. Accurency of prediction from the new model is comparable
with the models reported in the literature. However, the new model has a potential
capability to predict the average liquid recirculation velocity at elevated pressure bubble
columns since n and c is developed under pressure. However this needs to be further tested
experimentally.

Experimental data on the pressure drop across different types of elbow for non-Newtonian
pseudoplastic liquid flow in laminar condition have been presented. A generalized
correlation has been developed for predicting the frictional pressure drop across the
elbows in the horizontal plane.