Enhanced electrocatalytic activities in TiO2-sulfur nanoparticles decorated graphene nanocomposite electrode for detecting formaldehyde compound

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.022

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 80 ›› Issue (4): 213-219.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.022

Enhanced electrocatalytic activities in TiO₂-sulfur nanoparticles decorated graphene nanocomposite electrode for detecting formaldehyde compound

Maulidiyah Maulidiyah¹, Muhammad Nurdin^1,2, WD Syafitri Salsabila³, Suryani Dyah Astuti⁴, Thamrin Azis¹, La Ode Muhammad Zuhdi Mulkiyan¹, La Ode Agus Salim⁵, Akrajas Ali Umar⁶

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia;
2 Department of Environmental Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari 93121, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia;
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sulawesi Tenggara, Kendari 93121, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia;
4 Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Department of Physic, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 61115, Indonesia;
5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institut Sains Teknologi dan Kesehatan (ISTEK) 'Aisyiyah Kendari, Kendari 93116, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia;
6 Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, University Malaysian nationality, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

Received:2024-08-07 Revised:2024-10-27 Accepted:2024-11-12 Online:2025-02-21 Published:2025-04-28
Contact: Muhammad Nurdin,E-mail:mnurdin06@yahoo.com;Akrajas Ali Umar,E-mail:akrajas@ukm.edu.my
Supported by:
We acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia under the Applied Research award (DIPA-023.17.1.690523/2023) and the World Class Professor award grant 2023.

Enhanced electrocatalytic activities in TiO₂-sulfur nanoparticles decorated graphene nanocomposite electrode for detecting formaldehyde compound

Maulidiyah Maulidiyah¹, Muhammad Nurdin^1,2, WD Syafitri Salsabila³, Suryani Dyah Astuti⁴, Thamrin Azis¹, La Ode Muhammad Zuhdi Mulkiyan¹, La Ode Agus Salim⁵, Akrajas Ali Umar⁶

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia;
2 Department of Environmental Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari 93121, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia;
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sulawesi Tenggara, Kendari 93121, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia;
4 Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Department of Physic, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 61115, Indonesia;
5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institut Sains Teknologi dan Kesehatan (ISTEK) 'Aisyiyah Kendari, Kendari 93116, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia;
6 Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, University Malaysian nationality, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

通讯作者: Muhammad Nurdin,E-mail:mnurdin06@yahoo.com;Akrajas Ali Umar,E-mail:akrajas@ukm.edu.my
基金资助:
We acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia under the Applied Research award (DIPA-023.17.1.690523/2023) and the World Class Professor award grant 2023.

Abstract

Abstract: The unique properties of TiO₂-sulfur (TiO₂-S) modified graphene nanocomposite electrode (GPE/TiO₂-S) in the electrochemical sensing of formaldehyde compound has been evaluated. We prepared TiO₂-S by hydrothermal method and modified the graphene nanocomposite electrode by applying electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) approach. The TiO₂-S nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the GPE/TiO₂-S was examined by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-Ray fluorosense (XRF) techniques. TiO₂-S has a grain size of 19.32 nm. The surface morphology of the GPE/TiO₂-S nanocomposite shows a good, intact, and tightly porous structure with TiO₂-S covers the graphene surface. The content of optimized GPE/TiO₂-S electrodes is 41.5% of graphene, 37.8% of TiO₂, and 12.4% of sulfur that was prepared by mixing 1 g of TiO₂-S with 0.5 g of graphene and 0.3 mL paraffin. The GPE/TiO₂-S electrode produces a high anodic current (I_pa) of 800 μA and a high cathodic current (I_pc) of -600 μA at a scan rate of 0.1 V·s^-1 using an electrolyte 0.01 mol·L^-1 K₃[Fe(CN)₆] solution containing 150 mg·L^-1 formaldehyde. The limit of detection can reach as low as 9.7 mg·L^-1 with stability with Horwitz ratio value as low as 0.397. The composite electrode also exhibits excellent slectivity properties by showing clear formaldehyde sugnal in the presence of high concentration of interfering agent. GPE/TiO₂-S electrode should find potential application of formaldehyde detection in food industries.

Key words: Food safety, Formaldehyde, Voltammetry, Graphene, TiO₂-S

摘要： The unique properties of TiO₂-sulfur (TiO₂-S) modified graphene nanocomposite electrode (GPE/TiO₂-S) in the electrochemical sensing of formaldehyde compound has been evaluated. We prepared TiO₂-S by hydrothermal method and modified the graphene nanocomposite electrode by applying electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) approach. The TiO₂-S nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the GPE/TiO₂-S was examined by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-Ray fluorosense (XRF) techniques. TiO₂-S has a grain size of 19.32 nm. The surface morphology of the GPE/TiO₂-S nanocomposite shows a good, intact, and tightly porous structure with TiO₂-S covers the graphene surface. The content of optimized GPE/TiO₂-S electrodes is 41.5% of graphene, 37.8% of TiO₂, and 12.4% of sulfur that was prepared by mixing 1 g of TiO₂-S with 0.5 g of graphene and 0.3 mL paraffin. The GPE/TiO₂-S electrode produces a high anodic current (I_pa) of 800 μA and a high cathodic current (I_pc) of -600 μA at a scan rate of 0.1 V·s^-1 using an electrolyte 0.01 mol·L^-1 K₃[Fe(CN)₆] solution containing 150 mg·L^-1 formaldehyde. The limit of detection can reach as low as 9.7 mg·L^-1 with stability with Horwitz ratio value as low as 0.397. The composite electrode also exhibits excellent slectivity properties by showing clear formaldehyde sugnal in the presence of high concentration of interfering agent. GPE/TiO₂-S electrode should find potential application of formaldehyde detection in food industries.

关键词: Food safety, Formaldehyde, Voltammetry, Graphene, TiO₂-S

Maulidiyah Maulidiyah, Muhammad Nurdin, WD Syafitri Salsabila, Suryani Dyah Astuti, Thamrin Azis, La Ode Muhammad Zuhdi Mulkiyan, La Ode Agus Salim, Akrajas Ali Umar. Enhanced electrocatalytic activities in TiO₂-sulfur nanoparticles decorated graphene nanocomposite electrode for detecting formaldehyde compound[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 80(4): 213-219.

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Enhanced electrocatalytic activities in TiO₂-sulfur nanoparticles decorated graphene nanocomposite electrode for detecting formaldehyde compound

Enhanced electrocatalytic activities in TiO₂-sulfur nanoparticles decorated graphene nanocomposite electrode for detecting formaldehyde compound

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