Liquid–liquid extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solutions using hydrophobic tri-n-octylamine/alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2022.10.005

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2023, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (2): 248-256.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.10.005

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Liquid–liquid extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solutions using hydrophobic tri-n-octylamine/alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent

Yinglin Mai¹, Xiaoling Xian¹, Lei Hu¹, Xiaodong Zhang¹, Xiaojie Zheng¹, Shunhui Tao¹, Xiaoqing Lin^1,2,3

1. School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
3. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Clean Transportation Energy Chemistry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China

Received:2022-05-27 Revised:2022-10-15 Online:2023-05-11 Published:2023-02-28
Contact: Xiaoqing Lin,E-mail:linxiaoqing@gdut.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Key Area Research & Development Program of Guangdong Province (2020B0101070001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21978053, 51508547).

Liquid–liquid extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solutions using hydrophobic tri-n-octylamine/alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent

Yinglin Mai¹, Xiaoling Xian¹, Lei Hu¹, Xiaodong Zhang¹, Xiaojie Zheng¹, Shunhui Tao¹, Xiaoqing Lin^1,2,3

1. School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
3. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Clean Transportation Energy Chemistry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China

通讯作者: Xiaoqing Lin,E-mail:linxiaoqing@gdut.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the Key Area Research & Development Program of Guangdong Province (2020B0101070001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21978053, 51508547).

Abstract

Abstract: Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the top-12 most promising biomass-based platform chemicals, which has a wide range of applications in a variety of fields. However, separation and purification of LA from aqueous solution or actual hydrolysate continues to be a challenge. Among various downstream separation technologies, liquid–liquid extraction is a low-cost, effective, and simple process to separate LA. The key breakthrough lies in the development of extractants with high extraction efficiency, good hydrophobicity, and low cost. In this work, three hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on tri-n-octylamine (TOA) as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and alcohols (butanol, 2-octanol, and menthol) as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) were developed to extract LA from aqueous solution. The molar ratios of HBD and HBA, extraction temperature, contact time, solution pH, and initial LA concentration, DES/water volume ratios were systematically investigated. Compared with 2-octanol–TOA and menthol–TOA DES, the butanol–TOA DES exhibited the superior extraction performance for LA, with a maximum extraction efficiency of 95.79 ±1.4%. Moreover, the solution pH had a great impact on the LA extraction efficiency of butanol–TOA (molar ratio = 3:1). It is worth noting that the extraction equilibrium time was less than 0.5 h. More importantly, the butanol–TOA (3:1) DES possesses good extraction abilities for low, medium, and high concentrations of LA.

Key words: Extraction, Separation, Levulinic acid, Deep eutectic solvents, Hydrophobic, Aqueous solution

摘要： Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the top-12 most promising biomass-based platform chemicals, which has a wide range of applications in a variety of fields. However, separation and purification of LA from aqueous solution or actual hydrolysate continues to be a challenge. Among various downstream separation technologies, liquid–liquid extraction is a low-cost, effective, and simple process to separate LA. The key breakthrough lies in the development of extractants with high extraction efficiency, good hydrophobicity, and low cost. In this work, three hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on tri-n-octylamine (TOA) as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and alcohols (butanol, 2-octanol, and menthol) as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) were developed to extract LA from aqueous solution. The molar ratios of HBD and HBA, extraction temperature, contact time, solution pH, and initial LA concentration, DES/water volume ratios were systematically investigated. Compared with 2-octanol–TOA and menthol–TOA DES, the butanol–TOA DES exhibited the superior extraction performance for LA, with a maximum extraction efficiency of 95.79 ±1.4%. Moreover, the solution pH had a great impact on the LA extraction efficiency of butanol–TOA (molar ratio = 3:1). It is worth noting that the extraction equilibrium time was less than 0.5 h. More importantly, the butanol–TOA (3:1) DES possesses good extraction abilities for low, medium, and high concentrations of LA.

关键词: Extraction, Separation, Levulinic acid, Deep eutectic solvents, Hydrophobic, Aqueous solution

Yinglin Mai, Xiaoling Xian, Lei Hu, Xiaodong Zhang, Xiaojie Zheng, Shunhui Tao, Xiaoqing Lin. Liquid–liquid extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solutions using hydrophobic tri-n-octylamine/alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 54(2): 248-256.

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Liquid–liquid extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solutions using hydrophobic tri-n-octylamine/alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent

Liquid–liquid extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solutions using hydrophobic tri-n-octylamine/alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent

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