Electrodeposition and characterization of Cu2O thin films using sodium thiosulfate as an additive for photovoltaic solar cells

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2017.06.023

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 421-427.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.06.023

• Materials and Product Engineering • 上一篇下一篇

Electrodeposition and characterization of Cu₂O thin films using sodium thiosulfate as an additive for photovoltaic solar cells

Hassiba Rahal^1,2, Rafiaa Kihal^1,3, Abed Mohamed Affoune¹, Samia Rahal⁴

1 Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie, Université;
8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, Guelma 24000, Algeria;
2 Université 20 Août 1955 Skikda, BP 26, Route El-Hadaiek, 21000, Algeria;
3 Université Abbes Laghrour Khenchela, BP 1252, Rue de Batna, Khenchela 40004, Algeria;
4 Laboratoire d'Etude des Surfaces et Interfaces de la Matière Solide LESIMS, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Badji Mokhtar Université, Annaba, Algeria

收稿日期:2017-03-17 修回日期:2017-06-14 出版日期:2018-02-28 发布日期:2018-03-16
通讯作者: Abed Mohamed Affoune
基金资助:
Supported by the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (CNEPRU project number:J0101520090018).

Electrodeposition and characterization of Cu₂O thin films using sodium thiosulfate as an additive for photovoltaic solar cells

Hassiba Rahal^1,2, Rafiaa Kihal^1,3, Abed Mohamed Affoune¹, Samia Rahal⁴

1 Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie, Université;
8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, Guelma 24000, Algeria;
2 Université 20 Août 1955 Skikda, BP 26, Route El-Hadaiek, 21000, Algeria;
3 Université Abbes Laghrour Khenchela, BP 1252, Rue de Batna, Khenchela 40004, Algeria;
4 Laboratoire d'Etude des Surfaces et Interfaces de la Matière Solide LESIMS, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Badji Mokhtar Université, Annaba, Algeria

Received:2017-03-17 Revised:2017-06-14 Online:2018-02-28 Published:2018-03-16
Contact: Abed Mohamed Affoune
Supported by:
Supported by the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (CNEPRU project number:J0101520090018).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) thin films have been grown by electrodeposition technique onto ITO-coated glass substrates from aqueous copper acetate solutions with addition of sodium thiosulfate at 60℃. The effects of sodium thiosulfate on the electrochemical deposition of Cu₂O films were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Deposited films were obtained at -0.58 V vs. SCE and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical, photoelectrochemical and electrical measurements. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the synthesized Cu₂O films had a pure cubic phase with a marked preferential orientation peak along (200) plane and with lattice constants a=b=c=0.425 nm. FTIR results confirmed the presence of Cu₂O films at peak 634 cm^-1. SEM images of Cu₂O films showed a better compactness and spherical-shaped composition. Optical properties of Cu₂O films reveal a high optical transmission (>80%) and high absorption coefficient (α > 104 cm^-1) in visiblelight region. The optical energy band gap was found to be 2.103 eV. Photoelectrochemical measurements indicated that Cu₂O films had n-type semiconductor conduction, which confirmed by Hall Effect measurements. Electrical properties of Cu₂O films showed a low electrical resistivity of 61.30 Ω·cm^-1, carrier concentration of -4.94×10¹⁵ cm^-3 and mobility of 20.61 cm²·V^-1·s^-1. The obtained Cu₂O thin films with suitable properties are promising semiconductor material for fabrication of photovoltaic solar cells.

关键词: Electrodeposition, Cuprous oxide, Thin films, Semiconductor, Cyclic voltammetry, Photoelectrochemical measurements

Abstract: Cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) thin films have been grown by electrodeposition technique onto ITO-coated glass substrates from aqueous copper acetate solutions with addition of sodium thiosulfate at 60℃. The effects of sodium thiosulfate on the electrochemical deposition of Cu₂O films were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Deposited films were obtained at -0.58 V vs. SCE and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical, photoelectrochemical and electrical measurements. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the synthesized Cu₂O films had a pure cubic phase with a marked preferential orientation peak along (200) plane and with lattice constants a=b=c=0.425 nm. FTIR results confirmed the presence of Cu₂O films at peak 634 cm^-1. SEM images of Cu₂O films showed a better compactness and spherical-shaped composition. Optical properties of Cu₂O films reveal a high optical transmission (>80%) and high absorption coefficient (α > 104 cm^-1) in visiblelight region. The optical energy band gap was found to be 2.103 eV. Photoelectrochemical measurements indicated that Cu₂O films had n-type semiconductor conduction, which confirmed by Hall Effect measurements. Electrical properties of Cu₂O films showed a low electrical resistivity of 61.30 Ω·cm^-1, carrier concentration of -4.94×10¹⁵ cm^-3 and mobility of 20.61 cm²·V^-1·s^-1. The obtained Cu₂O thin films with suitable properties are promising semiconductor material for fabrication of photovoltaic solar cells.

Key words: Electrodeposition, Cuprous oxide, Thin films, Semiconductor, Cyclic voltammetry, Photoelectrochemical measurements

Hassiba Rahal, Rafiaa Kihal, Abed Mohamed Affoune, Samia Rahal. Electrodeposition and characterization of Cu₂O thin films using sodium thiosulfate as an additive for photovoltaic solar cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2018, 26(2): 421-427.

参考文献

[1] B.S. Pawar, S.M. Pawar, S.W. Shin, D.S. Choi, C.J. Park, S.S. Kolekar, J.H. Kim, Effect of complexing agent on the properties of electrochemically deposited Cu₂ZnSnS₄(CZTS) thin films, Appl. Surf. Sci. 257(2010) 1786-1791.

[2] A.S. Arico, D. Silvestro, P.L. Antonucci, N. Giordano, V. Antonucci, Electrodeposited thin film ZnTe semiconductors for photovoltaic applications, Adv. Perform. Mater. 4(1997) 115-125.

[3] R. Oommen, U. Rajalakshmi, Sanjeeviraja, Characteristics of electron beam evaporated and electrodeposited Cu₂O thin films-comparative study, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 7(2012) 8288-8298.

[4] P.A. Praveen Janantha, L.N.L. Perera, K.M.D.C. Jayathilaka, J.K.D.S. Jayanetti, D.P. Dissanayaka, W.P. Siripala, Use of Cu₂O microcrystalline thin film semiconductors for gas sensing, Proc. Tech. Sess. Inst. Phys-Sri Lanka, 25, 2009, pp. 70-76.

[5] N. Soundaram, R. Chandramohan, S. Valanarasu, R. Thomas, A. Kathalingam, Studies on SILAR deposited Cu₂O and ZnO films for solar cell application, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26(7) (2015) 5030-5036.

[6] J. Dong, H. Xu, F. Zhang, Ch. Chen, L. Liu, G.T. Wu, Synergistic effect over photocatalytic active Cu₂O thin films and their morphological and orientational transformation under visible light irradiation, Appl. Catal., A 470(2014) 294-302.

[7] R.P. Wijesundera, L.K.A.D.D.S. Gunawardhana, W. Siripala, Electrodeposited Cu₂O homojunction solar cells:fabrication of a cell of high short circuit photocurrent, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 157(2016) 881-886.

[8] Q. Ma, J.P. Hofmann, A. Litke, E.J.M. Hensen, Cu₂O photoelectrodes for solar water splitting:tuning photoelectrochemical performance by controlled faceting, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 141(2015) 178-186.

[9] Zh. Zhang, P. Wang, Highly stable copper oxide composite as an effective photocathode for water splitting via a facile electrochemical synthesis strategy, J. Mater. Chem. 22(2012) 2456-2464.

[10] D.S.C. Halin, I.A. Talib, A.R. Daud, M.A.A. Hamid, Characterizations of cuprous oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel spin coating technique with different additives for the photoelectrochemical solar cell, Int. J. Photoenergy 2014(352156) (2014) 1-6.

[11] G. Kaur, A. Mitra, K.L. Yadav, Influence of oxygen pressure on the growth and physical properties of pulsed laser deposited Cu₂O thin films, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26(2015) 9689-9699.

[12] M.M. Kareem, A.H.A. Al-Fouadi, D.H. Hussain, Preparation and study of Cu₂O thin film at low temperature by Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route, Int. J. Appl. Innov. Eng. Manag. 4(12) (2015) 63-66.

[13] H. Xu, J. Dong, Ch. Chen, One-step chemical bath deposition and photocatalytic activity of Cu₂O thin films with orientation and size controlled by a chelating agent, Mater. Chem. Phys. 143(2014) 713-719.

[14] P.B. Ahirrao, S.R. Gosavi, D.R. Patil, M.S. Shinde, R.S. Patil, Photoluminescence properties of modified chemical bath deposited copper oxide thin film, Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 3(2) (2011) 288-291.

[15] M.R. Johan, M.Sh.M. Suan, N.L. Hawari, H.A. Ching, Annealing effects on the properties of copper oxide thin films prepared by chemical deposition, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 6(2011) 6094-6104.

[16] M.A. Khan, M. Ullah, T. Iqbal, H. Mahmood, A.A. Khan, M. Shafique, A. Majid, A. Ahmed, N.A. Khan, Surfactant assisted synthesis of cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) nanoparticles via solvothermal process, Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Res. 3(1) (2015) 16-22.

[17] S.S. Nikam, M.P. Suryawanshi, S.M. Bhosale, M.A. Gaikwad, P.A. Shinde, A.V. Moholkar, Cu₂O thin films prepared using modified successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method and their use in photoelectrochemical solar cells, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27(2) (2016) 1897-1900.

[18] S.S. Oluyamo, Nyagba, S. Mbafan, Ojo, S. Ambrose, Optical properties of copper (I) oxide thin films synthesized by SILAR technique, J. Appl. Phys. 6(3) (2014) 102-105.

[19] A.T. Ravichandran, K. Dhanabalan, R. Chandramohan, A. Vasuhi, P. Parameswaran, Optical properties of modified-silar grown copper oxide nanocrystalline thin films, Int. J. Inf. Res. Rev. 1(1) (2014) 007-011.

[20] Zh. Zhang, W. Hu, Y. Deng, Ch. Zhong, H. Wang, Y. Wu, L. Liu, The effect of complexing agents on the oriented growth of electrodeposited microcrystalline cuprous oxide film, Mater. Res. Bull. 47(2012) 2561-2565.

[21] Y. Yang, J. Han, X. Ning, W. Cao, W. Xu, L. Guo, Controllable morphology and conductivity of electrodeposited Cu₂O thin film:effect of surfactants, Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6(24) (2014) 22534-22543.

[22] X. Jiang, M. Zhang, Sh. Shi, G. He, X. Song, Zh. Sun, Microstructure and optical properties of nanocrystalline Cu₂O thin films prepared by electrodeposition, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 9(2014) 219-223.

[23] J. Morales, L. Sanchez, S. Bijani, L. Martinez, M. Gabas, J.R. Ramos-Barrado, Electrodeposition of Cu₂O:an excellent method for obtaining films of controlled morphology and good performance in Li-ion batteries, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 8(3) (2005) A159-A162.

[24] Y. Abdu, A.O. Musa, T.H. Darma, Electroless deposition and electrical characterization of n-Cu₂O layer, Baye. J. Pure Appl. Sci. 5(2) (2012) 1-10.

[25] P. Wang, H. Wu, Y. Tang, R. Amal, Y.H. Ng, Electrodeposited Cu₂O as photoelectrodes with controllable conductivity type for solar energy conversion, J. Phys. Chem. C 119(2015) 26275-26282.

[26] S. Laidoudi, A.Y. Bioud, A. Azizi, G. Schmerber, J. Bartringer, S. Barre, A. Dinia, Growth and characterization of electrodeposited Cu₂O thin films, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 28(11) (2013) 115005-115011.

[27] A. El-Shaer, M.T.Y. Tadros, M.A. Khalifa, Fabrication of homojunction cuprous oxide solar cell by electrodeposition method, Nat. Sci. 13(5) (2015) 1-9.

[28] A. El-Shaer, A.R. Abdelwahed, M.M. Mosaad, A. Tawfik, D. Hemada, Effect of pH on conductivity of electrodeposited cuprous oxide thin films, Nat. Sci. 13(3) (2015) 1-5.

[29] K.D.R.N. Kalubowila, L.K.A.D.D.S. Gunawardhana, R.P. Wijesundera, W. Siripala, Methods for improving n-type photoconductivity of electrodeposited Cu₂O thin films, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 29(7) (2014) 075012-075018.

[30] X. Han, K. Han, M. Tao, Characterization of Cl-doped n-type Cu₂O prepared by electrodeposition, Thin Solid Films 518(2010) 5363-5367.

[31] H. Li, R. Liu, R. Zhao, Y. Zheng, W. Chen, Zh. Xu, Morphology control of electrodeposited Cu₂O crystals in aqueous solutions using room temperature hydrophilic ionic liquids, Cryst. Growth Des. 6(12) (2006) 2796-2798.

[32] Y. Yang, Y. Li, M. Pritzker, Control of Cu₂O film morphology using potentiostatic pulsed electrodeposition, Electrochim. Acta 213(2016) 225-235.

[33] R.P. Wijesundera, M. Hidaka, K. Koga, M. Sakai, W. Siripala, Growth and characterisation of potentiostatically electrodeposited Cu₂O and Cu thin films, Thin Solid Films 500(2006) 241-246.

[34] P. Grez, F. Herrera, G. Riveros, A. Ramirez, R. Henriquez, E. Dalchiele, R. Schrebler, Morphological, structural, and photoelectrochemical characterization of n-type Cu₂O thin films obtained by electrodeposition, Phys. Status Solidi A 209(12) (2012) 2470-2475.

[35] T. Jiang, T. Xie, W. Yang, L. Chen, H. Fan, D. Wang, Photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic properties of p-n Cu₂O homojunction films and their photocatalytic performance, J. Phys. Chem. C 117(2013) 4619-4624.

[36] A.S.M. Hanif, F. Mohamad, R.Z. Zakaria, Cyclic voltammetry measurement for n-type Cu₂O thin film using copper acetate-based solution, J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 10(19) (2015) 8562-8568.

[37] D. Mohra, M. Benhaliliba, M. Serin, M.R. Khelladi, H. Lahmar, A. Azizi, The investigation of electrodeposited Cu₂O/ITO layers by chronocoulometry process:effect of electrical potential, J. Semicond. 37(10) (2016) 1-7.

[38] T. Fujiwara, T. Nakaue, M. Yoshimura, Direct fabrication and patterning of Cu₂O film by local electrodeposition method, Solid State Ionics 175(2004) 541-544.

[39] Q. Zhu, Y. Zhang, J. Wang, F. Zhou, P.K. Chu, Microwave synthesis of cuprous oxide micro-/nanocrystals with different morphologies and photocatalytic activities, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 27(4) (2011) 289-295.

[40] G. Li, C. Dawa, Q. Bu, F. Zhen, X. Lu, Zh. Ke, H. Hong, Ch. Yao, P. Liu, Y. Tong, Electrochemical synthesis of orientation-ordered ZnO nanorod bundles, Electrochem. Commun. 9(2007) 863-868.

[41] G. Riveros, A. Garmendia, D. Ramirez, M. Tejos, P. Grez, H. Gomez, E.A. Dalchiele, Study of the electrodeposition of Cu₂O thin films from DMSO solution, J. Electrochem. Soc. 160(1) (2013) D28-D33.

[42] A. El-Shaer, A.R. Abdelwahed, A. Tawfik, M. Mossad, D. Hemada, Effect of deposition parameters on electrodeposited cuprous oxide thin films, Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng. 4(12) (2014) 595-602.

[43] Y. Tang, Zh. Chen, Zh. Jia, L. Zhang, J. Li, Electrodeposition and characterization of nanocrystalline cuprous oxide thin films on TiO₂ films, Mater. Lett. 59(2005) 434-438.

[44] C. Bogatu, M. Voinea, A. Duta, I.M. Pelin, G.Ch. Chitanu, The electrochemical deposition of Cu/CuOx solar selective coatings with controlled morphology, Rev. Roum. Chim. 54(3) (2009) 235-241.

[45] A.J. Bard, L.R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods:Fundamentals and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001.

[46] G. Li, C. Dawa, Q. Bu, X. Lu, Zh. Ke, H. Hong, F. Zheng, Ch. Yao, G. Liu, Y. Tong, Electrochemical self-assembly of ZnO nanoporous structures, J. Phys. Chem. C 111(2007) 1919-1923.

[47] Z.C. Orel, A. Anzlovar, G. Drazic, M. Zigon, Cuprous oxide nanowires prepared by an additive-free polyol process, Cryst. Growth Des. 7(2) (2007) 453-458.

[48] S.E. Bouzit, B. Boualy, L. El Firdoussi, A. Mehdi, A. Outzourhit, M.A. Ali, Fast room temperature solution-phase approach for selective synthesis of nanostructured Cu(OH)2, Cu₂O and CuO, Int. Res. J. Pure Appl. Chem. 8(3) (2015) 157-164.

[49] M.A. Amrani, V.V.S.S. Srikanth, N.K. Labhsetwar, A.S. Al-Fatesh, H. Shaikh, Phoenix dactylifera mediated green synthesis of Cu₂O particles for arsenite uptake from water, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 17(1) (2016) 760-768.

[50] E. Grazeaite, J. Kiuberis, A. Beganskiene, J. Senvaitiene, A. Kareiva, XRD and FTIR characterisation of historical green pigments and their lead-based glazes, CHEMIJA 25(4) (2014) 199-205.

[51] M.M. Momeni, Z. Nazari, A. Kazempour, M. Hakimiyan, S.M. Mirhoseini, Preparation of CuO nanostructures coating on copper as supercapacitor materials, Surf. Eng. 30(11) (2014) 775-778.

[52] L. Xiong, T. Wai Ng, Y. Yu, D. Xia, H.Y. Yip, G. Li, T. An, H. Zhao, P.K. Wong, N-type Cu₂O film for photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic processes:its stability and inactivation of E. coli, Electrochim. Acta 153(2015) 583-593.

[53] J.L. Ropero-Vega, A.M. Melendez, J.A. Pedraza-Avella, R.J. Candal, M.E. Nino-Gomez, Mixed oxide semiconductors based on bismuth for photoelectrochemical applications, J. Solid State Electrochem. 18(2014) 1963-1971.

Electrodeposition and characterization of Cu₂O thin films using sodium thiosulfate as an additive for photovoltaic solar cells

Electrodeposition and characterization of Cu₂O thin films using sodium thiosulfate as an additive for photovoltaic solar cells

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 13

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	Samikannu Prabu, Hong-wen Wang. Electrodeposition of aluminum on needle cathode using AlCl₃/urea molten salts at low-temperature and its application to hydrogen generation[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2020, 28(3): 854-863.
[2]	Meng Yu, Zhiyun Zou. Design of structure and control system of semiconductor refrigeration box[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2020, 28(11): 2792-2798.
[3]	Dongbo Xu, Lili Li, Weiqiang Fan, Fagen Wang, Hongye Bai, Baodong Mao, Weidong Shi. Preparation of WO₃ thin films by dip film-drawing for photoelectrochemical performance[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2019, 27(5): 1207-1211.
[4]	Ayyavoo Jayalakshmi, In-Chul Kim, Young-Nam Kwon. Suppression of gold nanoparticle agglomeration and its separation via nylon membranes[J]. , 2017, 25(7): 931-937.
[5]	张启波, 华一新. Electrodeposition Behavior of Nickel from a Low Temperature Urea-molten Salt[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2013, 21(12): 1397-1403.
[6]	曹政才, 邓积杰, 刘民, 王永吉. Bottleneck Prediction Method Based on Improved Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in Semiconductor Manufacturing System^*[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2012, 20(6): 1081-1088.
[7]	郑勇, 张锁江, 吕兴梅, 王倩, 左勇, 刘恋. Low-temperature Electrodeposition of Aluminium from Lewis Acidic 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2012, 20(1): 130-139.
[8]	江欢欢, 葛小芳, 徐颖华, 张雯雯, 马淳安. Indirect Electrochemical Reduction of Indanthrene Brilliant Green FFB[J]. , 2011, 19(2): 199-204.
[9]	陈良, Yinlun Huang. Integrated Product and Process Control for Sustainable Semiconductor Manufacturing[J]. , 2011, 19(2): 192-198.
[10]	杨加志, 赵成刚, 刘晓丽, 于俊伟, 孙东平, 唐卫华. Preparation of High Quality Indium Tin Oxide Film on a Microbial Cellulose Membrane Using Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering[J]. , 2011, 19(2): 179-184.
[11]	王华清, 周上祺, 陈昌国, 王秋虹. 6.0mol•L－1KOH溶液中锌单晶（002）和（100）晶面的电化学行为[J]. , 2006, 14(4): 551-554.
[12]	李天成, 姜斌, 冯霞, 王大为, 袁绍军, 李鑫钢. 微电解-生物膜复合工艺净化含重金属离子的有机废水[J]. , 2003, 11(2): 146-150.
[13]	迟广俊, 姚素薇, 范君, 张卫国, 王宏智. 铝阳极氧化膜孔内电沉积银及其抗菌性能[J]. , 2002, 10(5): 622-624.