Conversions of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N2O during combustion of a single coal particle in O2/N2 and O2/H2O at low temperature

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2018.01.009

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 1967-1977.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.01.009

• Energy, Resources and Environmental Technology • 上一篇下一篇

Conversions of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O during combustion of a single coal particle in O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O at low temperature

Yuan Li, Hao Zhou, Ning Li, Runchao Qiu, Kefa Cen

State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

收稿日期:2017-11-03 修回日期:2017-12-06 出版日期:2018-09-28 发布日期:2018-10-17
通讯作者: Hao Zhou,E-mail address:zhouhao@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB251501) and the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51621005).

Conversions of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O during combustion of a single coal particle in O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O at low temperature

Yuan Li, Hao Zhou, Ning Li, Runchao Qiu, Kefa Cen

State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

Received:2017-11-03 Revised:2017-12-06 Online:2018-09-28 Published:2018-10-17
Contact: Hao Zhou,E-mail address:zhouhao@zju.edu.cn
Supported by:
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB251501) and the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51621005).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Oxy-steam combustion is a promising next-generation combustion technology. Conversions of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O during combustion of a single coal particle in O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O were studied in a tube reactor at low temperature. In O₂/N₂, NO reaches the maximum value in the devolatilization stage and N₂O reaches the maximum value in the char combustion stage. In O₂/H₂O, both NO and N₂O reach the maximum values in the char combustion stage. The total conversion ratios of fuel-N to NO and N₂O in O₂/N₂ are obviously higher than those in O₂/H₂O, due to the reduction of H₂O on NO and N₂O. Temperature changes the trade-off between NO and N₂O. In O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O, the conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO increase with increasing temperature, and those to N₂O show the opposite trends. The conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO reach the maximum values at ?O₂?=30 vol% in O₂/N₂. In O₂/H₂O, the conversion ratios of fuel-N and char-N to NO reach the maximum values at ?O₂?=30 vol%, and the conversion ratio of volatile-N to NO shows a slightly increasing trend with increasing oxygen concentration. The conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to N₂O decrease with increasing oxygen concentration in both atmospheres. A higher coal rank has higher conversion ratios of fuel-N to NO and N₂O. Anthracite coal exhibits the highest conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O in both atmospheres. This work is to develop efficient ways to understand and control NO and N₂O emissions for a clean and sustainable atmosphere.

关键词: NO, N₂O, Single coal particle, O₂/N₂, O₂/H₂O, Low temperature

Abstract: Oxy-steam combustion is a promising next-generation combustion technology. Conversions of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O during combustion of a single coal particle in O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O were studied in a tube reactor at low temperature. In O₂/N₂, NO reaches the maximum value in the devolatilization stage and N₂O reaches the maximum value in the char combustion stage. In O₂/H₂O, both NO and N₂O reach the maximum values in the char combustion stage. The total conversion ratios of fuel-N to NO and N₂O in O₂/N₂ are obviously higher than those in O₂/H₂O, due to the reduction of H₂O on NO and N₂O. Temperature changes the trade-off between NO and N₂O. In O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O, the conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO increase with increasing temperature, and those to N₂O show the opposite trends. The conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO reach the maximum values at ?O₂?=30 vol% in O₂/N₂. In O₂/H₂O, the conversion ratios of fuel-N and char-N to NO reach the maximum values at ?O₂?=30 vol%, and the conversion ratio of volatile-N to NO shows a slightly increasing trend with increasing oxygen concentration. The conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to N₂O decrease with increasing oxygen concentration in both atmospheres. A higher coal rank has higher conversion ratios of fuel-N to NO and N₂O. Anthracite coal exhibits the highest conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O in both atmospheres. This work is to develop efficient ways to understand and control NO and N₂O emissions for a clean and sustainable atmosphere.

Key words: NO, N₂O, Single coal particle, O₂/N₂, O₂/H₂O, Low temperature

Yuan Li, Hao Zhou, Ning Li, Runchao Qiu, Kefa Cen. Conversions of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O during combustion of a single coal particle in O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O at low temperature[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2018, 26(9): 1967-1977.

参考文献

[1] G.C.K. Leung, A. Cherp, J. Jewell, Y.-M. Wei, Securitization of energy supply chains in China, Appl. Energy 123(2014) 316-326.

[2] M.C. Carbo, J. Boon, D. Jansen, H.A.J. van Dijk, J.W. Dijkstra, R.W. van den Brink, et al., Steam demand reduction of water-gas shift reaction in IGCC power plants with precombustion CO₂ capture, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control 3(2009) 712-719.

[3] C. Zhao, X. Chen, E.J. Anthony, X. Jiang, L. Duan, Y. Wu, et al., Capturing CO₂ in flue gas from fossil fuel-fired power plants using dry regenerable alkali metal-based sorbent, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 39(2013) 515-534.

[4] R. Stanger, T. Wall, R. Sporl, M. Paneru, S. Grathwohl, M. Weidmann, et al., Oxyfuel combustion for CO₂ capture in power plants, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control 40(2015) 55-125.

[5] J. Gibbins, H. Chalmers, Carbon capture and storage, Energy Policy 36(2008) 4317-4322.

[6] B.J.P. Buhre, L.K. Elliott, C.D. Sheng, R.P. Gupta, T.F. Wall, Oxy-fuel combustion technology for coal-fired power generation, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 31(2005)283-307.

[7] B.T. Chorpening, K.H. Casleton, G.A. Richards, CO₂ and H₂O diluted oxy-fuel combustion for zero-emission power, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. A J. Power Energy 219(2005) 121-126.

[8] C. Salvador, M. Mitrovic, K. Zanganeh, Novel oxy-steam burner for zero-emission power plants, http://wwwieaghgorg/docs/oxyfuel/OCC1/Session%206_C/2_NOVEL%20OXY-STEAM%20BURNER%20FOR%20ZERO-EMISSION%20POWER%20PLANTSpdf 2009.

[9] S. Seepana, S. Jayanti, Steam-moderated oxy-fuel combustion, Energy Convers. Manag. 51(2010) 1981-1988.

[10] L. Sheng, X. Liu, J. Si, Y. Xu, Z. Zhou, M. Xu, Simulation and comparative exergy analyses of oxy-steam combustion and O₂/CO₂ recycled combustion pulverizedcoal-fired power plants, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control 27(2014)267-278.

[11] B. Jin, H. Zhao, C. Zou, C. Zheng, Comprehensive investigation of process characteristics for oxy-steam combustion power plants, Energy Convers. Manag. 99(2015) 92-101.

[12] C. Zou, Y. He, Y. Song, Q. Han, Y. Liu, F. Guo, et al., The characteristics and mechanism of the NO formation during oxy-steam combustion, Fuel 158(2015) 874-883.

[13] Y. Tu, H. Liu, K. Su, S. Chen, Z. Liu, C. Zheng, et al., Numerical study of H₂O addition effects on pulverized coal oxy-MILD combustion, Fuel Process. Technol. 138(2015)252-262.

[14] L. Jia, Y. Tan, E.J. Anthony, Emissions of SO₂ and NO_x during oxy-fuel CFB combustion tests in a mini-circulating fluidized bed combustion reactor, Energy Fuel 24(2010) 910-915.

[15] I. Guedea, L.I. Diez, J. Pallares, L.M. Romeo, Influence of O₂/CO₂ mixtures on the fluid-dynamics of an oxy-fired fluidized bed reactor, Chem. Eng. J. 178(2011) 129-137.

[16] Y. Tan, L. Jia, Y. Wu, E.J. Anthony, Experiences and results on a 0.8 MWth oxy-fuel operation pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed, Appl. Energy 92(2012) 343-347.

[17] B. Bonn, G. Pelz, H. Baumann, Formation and decomposition of N₂O in fluidized bed boilers, Fuel 74(1995) 165-171.

[18] S.C. Hill, L. Douglas Smoot, Modeling of nitrogen oxides formation and destruction in combustion systems, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 26(2000) 417-458.

[19] J.R. Pels, M.A. Wojtowicz, F. Kapteijn, J.A. Moulijn, Trade-off between NO_x and N₂O in fluidized-bed combustion of coals, Energy Fuel 9(1995) 743-752.

[20] D. Boavida, I. Gulyurtlu, L.S. Lobo, I. Cabrita, N₂O formation during coal combustion in fluidised beds-Is it controlled by homogeneuous or heterogeneous reactions? Energy Convers. Manag. 37(1996) 1271-1278.

[21] A.N. Hayhurst, A.D. Lawrence, The amounts of NO_x and N₂O formed in a fluidized bed combustor during the burning of coal volatiles and also of char, Combust. Flame 105(1996) 341-357.

[22] V.J. Wargadalam, G. Loffler, F. Winter, H. Hofbauer, Homogeneous formation of NO and N₂O from the oxidation of HCN and NH₃ at 600-1000℃, Combust. Flame 120(2000) 465-478.

[23] S. Goel, B. Zhang, A.F. Sarofim, NO and N₂O formation during char combustion:is it HCN or surface attached nitrogen? Combust. Flame 104(1996)213-217.

[24] H. Miettinen, M. AbulMilh, N₂O formation from combustion of char particles with NO, Energy Fuel 10(1996) 421-424.

[25] A. Molina, A.F. Sarofim, W. Ren, J. Lu, G. Yue, J.M. Beer, et al., Effect of boundary layer reactions on the conversion of CHAR-N to NO, N₂O, and HCN at fluidized-bed combustion conditions, Combust. Sci. Technol. 174(2002) 43-71.

[26] B.X. Shen, T. Mi, D.C. Liu, B. Feng, Q. Yao, F. Winter, N₂O emission under fluidized bed combustion condition, Fuel Process. Technol. 84(2003) 13-21.

[27] D.G. Gavin, M.A. Dorrington, Factors in the conversion of fuel nitrogen to nitric and nitrous oxides during fluidized bed combustion, Fuel 72(1993) 381-388.

[28] B. Valentim, M.J. Lemos de Sousa, P. Abelha, D. Boavida, I. Gulyurtlu, Combustion studies in a fluidised bed-The link between temperature, NO_x and N₂O formation, char morphology and coal type, Int. J. Coal Geol. 67(2006) 191-201.

[29] R. Yoshiie, T. Kawamoto, D. Hasegawa, Y. Ueki, I. Naruse, Gas-phase reaction of NO_x formation in oxyfuel coal combustion at low temperature, Energy Fuel 25(6) (2011)2481.

[30] S. Jankowska, T. Czakiert, G. Krawczyk, P. Borecki, L. Jesionowski, W. Nowak, The effect of oxygen staging on nitrogen conversion in oxy-fuel CFB environment, Chem. Process. Eng. 35(2014) 489-496.

[31] B. Roy, L. Chen, S. Bhattacharya, Nitrogen oxides, sulfur trioxide, and mercury emissions during oxy-fuel fluidized bed combustion of Victorian brown coal, Environ. Sci. Technol. 48(2014) 14844-14850.

[32] M. de las Obras-Loscertales, T. Mendiara, A. Rufas, L.F. de Diego, F. Garcia-Labiano, P. Gayán, et al., NO and N₂O emissions in oxy-fuel combustion of coal in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor, Fuel 150(2015) 146-153.

[33] H. Hosoda, T. Hirama, N. Azuma, K. Kuramoto, J.-i. Hayashi, T. Chiba, NO_x and N₂O emission in bubbling fluidized-bed coal combustion with oxygen and recycled flue gas:Macroscopic characteristics of their formation and reduction, Energy Fuel 12(1998) 102-108.

[34] L. Alvarez, J. Riaza, M.V. Gil, C. Pevida, J.J. Pis, F. Rubiera, NO emissions in oxy-coal combustion with the addition of steam in an entrained flow reactor, Greenh. Gases Sci. Technol. 1(2011) 180-190.

[35] S. Li, X. Wei, X. Guo, Effect of H₂O vapor on NO reduction by CO:Experimental and kinetic modeling study, Energy Fuel 26(2012) 4277-4283.

[36] M.C. Stewart, R.T. Symonds, V. Manovic, A. Macchi, E.J. Anthony, Effects of steam on the sulfation of limestone and NO_x formation in an air-and oxy-fired pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed combustor, Fuel 92(2012) 107-115.

[37] C. Zhu, S. Liu, H. Liu, J. Yang, X. Liu, G. Xu, NO_x emission characteristics of fluidized bed combustion in atmospheres rich in oxygen and water vapor for high-nitrogen fuel, Fuel 139(2015) 346-355.

[38] G. Zhang, C. Zhu, Y. Ge, X. Liu, G. Xu, Fluidized bed combustion in steam-rich atmospheres for high-nitrogen fuel:Nitrogen distribution in char and volatile and their contributions to NO_x, Fuel 186(2016)204-214.

[39] G. Loffler, V.J. Wargadalam, F. Winter, H. Hofbauer, Decomposition of nitrous oxide at medium temperatures, Combust. Flame 120(2000) 427-438.

[40] J. Bai, C. Yu, L. Li, P. Wu, Z. Luo, M. Ni, Experimental study on the NO and N₂O formation characteristics during biomass combustion, Energy Fuel 27(2013) 515-522.

[41] H. Zhou, Y. Huang, G.Y. Mo, Z.Y. Liao, K.F. Cen, Experimental investigations of the conversion of fuel-N, volatile-N and char-N to NO_x and N₂O during single coal particle fluidized bed combustion, J. Energy Inst. 90(2017) 62-72.

[42] H. Zhou, Y. Li, N. Li, R. Qiu, S. Meng, K. Cen, Experimental study of the NO and N₂O emissions during devolatilization and char combustion of a single biomass particle in O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O under low temperature condition, Fuel 206(2017) 162-170.

[43] M. Momeni, C. Yin, S.K. Kaer, T.B. Hansen, P.A. Jensen, P. Glarborg, Experimental study on effects of particle shape and operating conditions on combustion characteristics of single biomass particles, Energy Fuel 27(2013) 507-514.

[44] H. Lee, S. Choi, An observation of combustion behavior of a single coal particle entrained into hot gas flow, Combust. Flame 162(2015)2610-2620.

[45] F. Shan, Q. Lin, K. Zhou, Y. Wu, W. Fu, P. Zhang, et al., An experimental study of ignition and combustion of single biomass pellets in air and oxy-fuel, Fuel 188(2017)277-284.

[46] H. Xu, L.D. Smoot, S.C. Hill, Computational model for NO_x reduction by advanced reburning, Energy Fuel 13(1999) 411-420.

[47] C. Zou, Y. Song, G. Li, S. Cao, Y. He, C. Zheng, The chemical mechanism of steam's effect on the temperature in methane oxy-steam combustion, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 75(2014) 12-18.

[48] C.-Z. Li, L.L. Tan, Formation of NO_x and SOx precursors during the pyrolysis of coal and biomass. Part Ⅲ. Further discussion on the formation of HCN and NH₃ during pyrolysis, Fuel 79(2000) 1899-1906.

[49] S.W. Bae, S.A. Roh, S.D. Kim, NO removal by reducing agents and additives in the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process, Chemosphere 65(2006) 170-175.

[50] P.G. Kristensen, P. Glarborg, K. DamJohansen, Nitrogen chemistry during burnout in fuel-staged combustion, Combust. Flame 107(1996)211-222.

[51] F. Kasuya, P. Glarborg, J.E. Johnsson, K. Dam-Johansen, The thermal DeNOx process:Influence of partial pressures and temperature, Chem. Eng. Sci. 50(1995) 1455-1466.

[52] J.M. Jones, P.M. Patterson, M. Pourkashanian, A. Williams, Approaches to modelling heterogeneous char NO formation/destruction during pulverised coal combustion, Carbon 37(1999) 1545-1552.

[53] P. Kilpinen, M. Hupa, Homogeneous N₂O chemistry at fluidized bed combustion conditions:A kinetic modeling study, Combust. Flame 85(1991) 94-104.

[54] H. Liu, B. Feng, J. Lu, C. Zheng, Coal property effects on N₂O and NO_x formation from circulating fluidized bed combustion of coal, Chem. Eng. Commun. 192(2005) 1482-1489.

[55] J.R. Pels, M.A. Wójtowicz, J.A. Moulijn, Rank dependence of N₂O emission in fluidized-bed combustion of coal, Fuel 72(1993) 373-379.

[56] K.-M. Hansson, J. Samuelsson, C. Tullin, L.-E. Amand, Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH₃ from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds, Combust. Flame 137(2004)265-277.

[57] M. Becidan, O. Skreiberg, J.E. Hustad, NO_x and N₂O precursors (NH₃ and HCN) in pyrolysis of biomass residues, Energy Fuel 21(2007) 1173-1180.

[58] C. Bu, B. Leckner, X. Chen,A. Gómez-Barea, D.Liu, D. Pallares, Devolatilization of a single fuel particle ina fluidized bed under oxy-combustion conditions. Part B:Modeling and comparison with measurements, Combust. Flame 162(2015) 809-818.

[59] L.-E. Amand, B. Leckner, Reduction of N₂O in a circulating fluidized-bed combustor, Fuel 73(1994) 1389-1397.

Conversions of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O during combustion of a single coal particle in O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O at low temperature

Conversions of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O during combustion of a single coal particle in O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O at low temperature

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	Jingzhou Guo, Yuanzuo Zou, Bo Shi, Yuan Pu, Jiexin Wang, Dan Wang, Jianfeng Chen. Experimental verification of nanonization enhanced solubility for poorly soluble optoelectronic molecules[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 8-15.
[2]	Yingli Li, Zhishuncheng Li, Guangfei Qu, Rui Li, Shuaiyu Liang, Junhong Zhou, Wei Ji, Huiming Tang. Mechanism, behaviour and application of iron nitrate modified carbon nanotube composites for the adsorption of arsenic in aqueous solutions[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 26-36.
[3]	Pan Wang, Mengdei Zhou, Zhuangxin Wei, Lu Liu, Tao Cheng, Xiaohua Tian, Jianming Pan. Preparation of bowl-shaped polydopamine surface imprinted polymer composite adsorbent for specific separation of 2′-deoxyadenosine[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 69-79.
[4]	Wensheng Li, Liangyuan Qi, Daolin Ye, Wei Cai, Weiyi Xing. Facile modification of aluminum hypophosphate and its flame retardancy for polystyrene[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 90-98.
[5]	Jing Huang, Honghui Cai, Qian Zhao, Yunpeng Zhou, Haibo Liu, Jing Wang. Dual-functional pyrene implemented mesoporous silicon material used for the detection and adsorption of metal ions[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 108-117.
[6]	Yifan Jiang, Bingqi Xie, Jisong Zhang. Highly reactive and reusable heterogeneous activated carbons-based palladium catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura reaction[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 165-172.
[7]	Lingli Chen, Yueting Shi, Sijun Xu, Junle Xiong, Fang Gao, Shengtao Zhang, Hongru Li. Enhanced adsorption of target branched compounds including antibiotic norfloxacin frameworks on mild steel surface for efficient protection: An experimental and molecular modelling study[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 212-227.
[8]	Huiqi Wang, Jianpo Ren, Shihao Zhang, Jiayu Dai, Yue Niu, Ketao Shi, Qiuxiang Yin, Ling Zhou. Measurement and correlation of solubility of 9-fluorenone in 11 pure organic solvents from T = 283.15 to 323.15 K[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 235-241.
[9]	Sinu Poolachira, Sivasubramanian Velmurugan. Graphene oxide/hydrotalcite modified polyethersulfone nanohybrid membrane for the treatment of lead ion from battery industrial effluent[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 253-261.
[10]	Yuehua Liu, Lili Chen, Shoujun Liu, Song Yang, Ju Shangguan. Role of iron-based catalysts in reducing NO_x emissions from coal combustion[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 1-8.
[11]	Mingzhi Li, Zhikai Liu, Wang Yao, Chao Xu, Yangping Yu, Mei Yang, Guangwen Chen. Ultrasonic cavitation-enabled microfluidic approach toward the continuous synthesis of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 32-41.
[12]	Yong Xu, Qingbai Chen, Yang Gao, Jianyou Wang, Huiqing Fan, Fei Zhao. Performance comparison of lithium fractionation from magnesium via continuous selective nanofiltration/electrodialysis[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 42-50.
[13]	Anjun Liu, Jie Chen, Meng Guo, Chengmin Chen, Meihong Yang, Chao Yang. The internal circulations on internal mass transfer rate of a single drop in nonlinear uniaxial extensional flow[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 51-60.
[14]	Wenting Fan, Fang Zhao, Ming Chen, Jian Li, Xuhong Guo. An efficient microreactor with continuous serially connected micromixers for the synthesis of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 85-91.
[15]	Haixiang Liu, Jun Zhang, Chunlei Dong, Gang Zhu, Guanben Du, Shuduan Deng. Synthesis, performance and structure characterization of glyoxal-monomethylolurea-melamine (G-MMU-M) co-condensed resin[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 92-104.