Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2022.07.031

中国化学工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 215-224.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.07.031

• Full Length Article • 上一篇下一篇

Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation

Iltaf Khan¹, Chunjuan Wang², Shoaib Khan³, Jinyin Chen⁴, Aftab Khan², Sayyar Ali Shah¹, Aihua Yuan¹, Sohail Khan⁵, Mehwish K. Butt⁶, Humaira Asghar⁷

1. School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China;
2. College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
4. Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
5. Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 94640, Pakistan;
6. Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
7. Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

收稿日期:2022-05-07 修回日期:2022-07-06 出版日期:2023-04-28 发布日期:2023-06-13
通讯作者: Iltaf Khan,E-mail:doctoriltafkhan@just.edu.cn;Chunjuan Wang,E-mail:wchunjuan@126.com;Sayyar Ali Shah,E-mail:sayyar786@gmail.com
基金资助:
The authors are grateful to Jiangsu University of Science and Technology for providing financial support under the “Research start-up fund for the introduction of young talent at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (Grant no. 1112932205) and High-level Talents Program of Shihezi University (RCZK2021B25).

Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation

Iltaf Khan¹, Chunjuan Wang², Shoaib Khan³, Jinyin Chen⁴, Aftab Khan², Sayyar Ali Shah¹, Aihua Yuan¹, Sohail Khan⁵, Mehwish K. Butt⁶, Humaira Asghar⁷

1. School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China;
2. College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
4. Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
5. Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 94640, Pakistan;
6. Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
7. Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

Received:2022-05-07 Revised:2022-07-06 Online:2023-04-28 Published:2023-06-13
Contact: Iltaf Khan,E-mail:doctoriltafkhan@just.edu.cn;Chunjuan Wang,E-mail:wchunjuan@126.com;Sayyar Ali Shah,E-mail:sayyar786@gmail.com
Supported by:
The authors are grateful to Jiangsu University of Science and Technology for providing financial support under the “Research start-up fund for the introduction of young talent at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (Grant no. 1112932205) and High-level Talents Program of Shihezi University (RCZK2021B25).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： In this research study, we have synthesized the bio-capped ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites by employing lemon juice (Citrus limon) as a stabilizer and mediator. Fruitfully, lemon juice which contains various acidic functional groups and citric acid has the capability to block the surface of g-C₃N₄ from chemical reactivity and activated the surface of g-C₃N₄ for various reactions. Consequently, the agglomeration behavior and controlled shape of g-C₃N₄ has also been achieved. Our experimental results i.e. XRD, TEM, HRTEM, PL, FS, XPS, and PEC have confirmed that the lemon juice mediated and green g-C₃N₄ (L-CN) have good performances and remarkable visible light photocatalytic activities as compared to the chemically synthesized g-C₃N₄ (CN). Furthermore, the small surface area and low charge separation of g-C₃N₄ is upgraded by coupling with ZnO nanoparticles. It is proved that the coupling of ZnO worked as a facilitator and photoelectron modulator to enhance the charge separation of g-C₃N₄. Compared to pristine lemon-mediated green g-C₃N₄ (L-CN), the most active sample 5ZnO/L-CN showed ~ 5-fold improvement in activities for ciprofloxacin (CIP) and methylene blue (MB) degradation. More specifically, the mineralization process and degradation pathways, and the mineralization process of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and methylene blue (MB) are suggested. Finally, our present novel research work will provide new access to synthesize the eco-friendly and bio-caped green g-C₃N₄ nanomaterials and their employment for pollutants degradation and environmental purification.

关键词: Bio-caped green g-C₃N₄, Lemon juice mediators, ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite, Environmental remediation, Degradation pathways

Abstract: In this research study, we have synthesized the bio-capped ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites by employing lemon juice (Citrus limon) as a stabilizer and mediator. Fruitfully, lemon juice which contains various acidic functional groups and citric acid has the capability to block the surface of g-C₃N₄ from chemical reactivity and activated the surface of g-C₃N₄ for various reactions. Consequently, the agglomeration behavior and controlled shape of g-C₃N₄ has also been achieved. Our experimental results i.e. XRD, TEM, HRTEM, PL, FS, XPS, and PEC have confirmed that the lemon juice mediated and green g-C₃N₄ (L-CN) have good performances and remarkable visible light photocatalytic activities as compared to the chemically synthesized g-C₃N₄ (CN). Furthermore, the small surface area and low charge separation of g-C₃N₄ is upgraded by coupling with ZnO nanoparticles. It is proved that the coupling of ZnO worked as a facilitator and photoelectron modulator to enhance the charge separation of g-C₃N₄. Compared to pristine lemon-mediated green g-C₃N₄ (L-CN), the most active sample 5ZnO/L-CN showed ~ 5-fold improvement in activities for ciprofloxacin (CIP) and methylene blue (MB) degradation. More specifically, the mineralization process and degradation pathways, and the mineralization process of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and methylene blue (MB) are suggested. Finally, our present novel research work will provide new access to synthesize the eco-friendly and bio-caped green g-C₃N₄ nanomaterials and their employment for pollutants degradation and environmental purification.

Key words: Bio-caped green g-C₃N₄, Lemon juice mediators, ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite, Environmental remediation, Degradation pathways

Iltaf Khan, Chunjuan Wang, Shoaib Khan, Jinyin Chen, Aftab Khan, Sayyar Ali Shah, Aihua Yuan, Sohail Khan, Mehwish K. Butt, Humaira Asghar. Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 56(4): 215-224.

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Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation

Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation

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