Green extraction of vanadium resources: A process for the preparation of vanadium oxide in an ammonia-free system

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2025.07.007

中国化学工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 88 ›› Issue (12): 265-273.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2025.07.007

Green extraction of vanadium resources: A process for the preparation of vanadium oxide in an ammonia-free system

Xinyu Liu¹, Yue Sun¹, Jing Wen¹, Tao Jiang^1,2,3, Lan Zhang¹, Jinchao Yang¹, Jiayu Dai¹

1. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
2. Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
3. Liaoning Key Laboratory for Metallurgical Sensor and Technology, Shenyang 110819, China

收稿日期:2025-05-27 修回日期:2025-07-11 接受日期:2025-07-14 出版日期:2026-02-09 发布日期:2025-08-20
通讯作者: Jing Wen,E-mail:wenjing@smm.neu.edu.cn;Tao Jiang,E-mail:jiangt@smm.neu.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52204309, 52174277 and 52374300), Fundamental Funds for the Central Universities (N2425026) and Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Joint Fund (2023-MSBA-052).

Green extraction of vanadium resources: A process for the preparation of vanadium oxide in an ammonia-free system

Xinyu Liu¹, Yue Sun¹, Jing Wen¹, Tao Jiang^1,2,3, Lan Zhang¹, Jinchao Yang¹, Jiayu Dai¹

1. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
2. Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
3. Liaoning Key Laboratory for Metallurgical Sensor and Technology, Shenyang 110819, China

Received:2025-05-27 Revised:2025-07-11 Accepted:2025-07-14 Online:2026-02-09 Published:2025-08-20
Contact: Jing Wen,E-mail:wenjing@smm.neu.edu.cn;Tao Jiang,E-mail:jiangt@smm.neu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52204309, 52174277 and 52374300), Fundamental Funds for the Central Universities (N2425026) and Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Joint Fund (2023-MSBA-052).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： The current vanadium extraction process from sodium roasted vanadium slag poses risks such as ammonia pollution. This study proposes a novel calcium-based vanadium extraction and hydrolysis precipitation process, achieving clean and efficient vanadium recovery. The introduction of CaO facilitates the targeted reconstruction and conversion of vanadium and calcium in the solution, forming acid-soluble calcium vanadate intermediates. Under optimal conditions, n(Ca)/n(V) ratio of 1.75, extraction temperature of 90 ℃, and extraction time of 90 min, the vanadium extraction ratio reached 99.83%. This process also separates vanadium from sodium and silicon, enabling one-step purification of the vanadium solution. Subsequent sulfuric acid leaching, conducted at pH of 4.0, 90 ℃, and 60 min, achieved a vanadium leaching ratio of 99.72%, further separating vanadium from calcium and other impurities. Finally, the purified vanadium solution underwent hydrolysis precipitation at pH of 2.1 and 95 ℃ for 60 min, achieving a precipitation ratio of 98.69%. The calcined product yielded V₂O₅ with a purity of 98.60%. Compared to the conventional sodium roasting-water leaching along with ammonium salt precipitation process, this innovative method eliminates ammonia-nitrogen wastewater emissions. This study provides a foundation for the development of new vanadium extraction technologies from vanadium slag.

关键词: Vanadium slag, Sodium roasting, Vanadium extraction by CaO, Hydrolysis precipitation, Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅)

Abstract: The current vanadium extraction process from sodium roasted vanadium slag poses risks such as ammonia pollution. This study proposes a novel calcium-based vanadium extraction and hydrolysis precipitation process, achieving clean and efficient vanadium recovery. The introduction of CaO facilitates the targeted reconstruction and conversion of vanadium and calcium in the solution, forming acid-soluble calcium vanadate intermediates. Under optimal conditions, n(Ca)/n(V) ratio of 1.75, extraction temperature of 90 ℃, and extraction time of 90 min, the vanadium extraction ratio reached 99.83%. This process also separates vanadium from sodium and silicon, enabling one-step purification of the vanadium solution. Subsequent sulfuric acid leaching, conducted at pH of 4.0, 90 ℃, and 60 min, achieved a vanadium leaching ratio of 99.72%, further separating vanadium from calcium and other impurities. Finally, the purified vanadium solution underwent hydrolysis precipitation at pH of 2.1 and 95 ℃ for 60 min, achieving a precipitation ratio of 98.69%. The calcined product yielded V₂O₅ with a purity of 98.60%. Compared to the conventional sodium roasting-water leaching along with ammonium salt precipitation process, this innovative method eliminates ammonia-nitrogen wastewater emissions. This study provides a foundation for the development of new vanadium extraction technologies from vanadium slag.

Key words: Vanadium slag, Sodium roasting, Vanadium extraction by CaO, Hydrolysis precipitation, Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅)

Xinyu Liu, Yue Sun, Jing Wen, Tao Jiang, Lan Zhang, Jinchao Yang, Jiayu Dai. Green extraction of vanadium resources: A process for the preparation of vanadium oxide in an ammonia-free system[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2025, 88(12): 265-273.

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Green extraction of vanadium resources: A process for the preparation of vanadium oxide in an ammonia-free system

Green extraction of vanadium resources: A process for the preparation of vanadium oxide in an ammonia-free system

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