[1] S. Qie, N. Song, F. Gao, K. Guo, Z. Huang, C. Liu, Liquid-liquid extraction performance of multi-stage loop extraction column, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 48(2015) 118-122.[2] A. Rengel, A. Zoughaib, D. Dron, D. Clodic, Hydrodynamic study of an internal airlift reactor for microalgae culture, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 93(2012) 117-129.[3] P. Cozma, M. Gavrilescu, Airlift reactors:Applications in wastewater treatment, Environ. Eng. Manag. J. 11(8) (2012) 1505-1515.[4] M.S. Vesvikar, M. Al-Dahhan, Hydrodynamics investigation of laboratory-scale internal gas-lift loop anaerobic digester using non-invasive CAPRT technique, Biomass Bioenergy 84(2016) 98-106.[5] A. Hol, R.D. van der Weijden, G. van Weert, P. Kondos, C.J.N. Buisman, Bio-reduction of pyrite investigated in a gas lift loop reactor, Int. J. Miner. Process. 94(2010) 140-146.[6] J. Wen, X. Jia, L. Pan, C. Wang, G. Mao, Nitrifying treatment of wastewater from fertilizer production in a multiple airlift loop bioreactor, Biochem. Eng. J. 25(2005) 33-37.[7] P. Viotti, A. Luciano, G. Mancini, V. Torretta, A wastewater treatment using a biofilm airlift suspension reactor with biomass attached to supports:A numerical model, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11(2014) 571-588.[8] T. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Jin, Slurry reactors for gas-to-liquid processes:A review, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 46(18) (2007) 5824-5847.[9] S.S. de Jesus, J. Moreira Neto, R. Maciel Filho, Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in bubble column, conventional airlift, stirred airlift and stirred tank bioreactors, using viscous fluid:A comparative study, Biochem. Eng. J. 118(2017) 70-81.[10] Q. Li, X. Zhao, K. Cheng, W. Du, D. Liu, Simulation and experimentation on the gas holdup characteristics of a novel oscillating airlift loop reactor, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 88(2013) 704-710.[11] Q.S. Huang, C. Yang, G.Z. Yu, Z.-S. Mao, CFD simulation of hydrodynamics and mass transfer in an internal airlift loop reactor using a steady two-fluid model, Chem. Eng. Sci. 65(2010) 5527-5536.[12] M. Räsänen, T. Eerikäinen, H. Ojamo, Characterization and hydrodynamics of a novel helix airlift reactor, Chem. Eng. Process. 108(2016) 44-57.[13] Q.S. Huang, W.P. Zhang, C. Yang, Modeling transport phenomena and reactions in a pilot slurry airlift loop reactor for direct coal liquefaction, Chem. Eng. Sci. 135(2014) 441-451.[14] X. Guo, L. Yao, Q. Huang, Aeration and mass transfer optimization in a rectangular airlift loop photobioreactor for the production of microalgae, Bioresour. Technol. 190(2015) 189-195.[15] H. Ghasemi, S.H. Hosseini, Investigation of hydrodynamics and transition regime in an internal loop airlift reactor using CFD, Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 29(04) (2012) 821-833.[16] C.E. Mendes, A.C. Badino, Hydrodynamics of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids in internal-loop airlift reactors, Biochem. Eng. J. 109(2016) 137-152.[17] M. Liu, T. Wang, W. Yu, J. Wang, Hydrodynamics of a slurry airlift reactor at high solid concentrations, Chem. Eng. Sci. 62(2007) 7098-7106.[18] T. Ziegenhein, D. Lucas, Observations on bubble shapes in bubble columns under different flow conditions, Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 85(2017248-256.[19] Y. Qu, T.-F. Qin, B.-X. Shen, J.-C. Liu, Hydrodynamics in an airlift inner-loop threephase biological fluidized bed, Energy Sources Part A Recov. Util. Environ. Eff. 37(2015) 1373-1382.[20] K. Zhang, N. Qi, J. Jin, C. Lu, H. Zhang, Gas holdup and bubble dynamics in a threephase internal loop reactor with external slurry circulation, Fuel 89(2010) 1361-1369.[21] T. Hong, L.S. Fan, D.J. Lee, Force variations on particle induced by bubble-particle collision, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 25(1999) 477-500.[22] X. Wu, J.C. Merchuk, Measurement of fluid flow in the downcomer of an internal loop airlift reactor using an optical trajectory-tracking system, Chem. Eng. Sci. 58(2003) 1599-1614.[23] Q.S. Huang, F. Jiang, L. Wang, C. Yang, Design of Photobioreactors for Mass Cultivation of Photosynthetic Organisms, Engineering 3(2017) 318-329.[24] D.J. Hernández-Melchor, R.O. Cañizares-Villanueva, J.R. Terán-Toledo, P.A. LópezPérez, E. Cristiani-Urbina, Hydrodynamic and mass transfer characterization of flat-panel airlift photobioreactors for the cultivation of a photosynthetic microbial consortium, Biochem. Eng. J. 128(2017) 141-148.[25] M.H. Abdel-Aziz, I. Nirdosh, G.H. Sedahmed, Liquid-solid mass and heat transfer behavior of a concentric tube airlift reactor, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 58(2013) 735-739.[26] J.C. Merchuk, Airlift bioreactors:Review of recent advances, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 81(2003) 324-337.[27] K. Mohanty, D. Das, M.N. Biswas, Hydrodynamics of a novel multi-stage external loop airlift reactor, Chem. Eng. Sci. 61(2006) 4617-4624.[28] W. Yu, T. Wang, M. Liu, F. Song, Investigation of operation regimes in a multistage internal-loop airlift reactor, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49(22) (2010) 11752-11759.[29] X. Zhang, K. Guo, W. Qi, T. Zhang, C. Liu, Gas holdup, bubble behaviour, and mass transfer characteristics in a two-stage internal loop airlift reactor with different screens, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 95(2017) 1202-1212.[30] S. Li, T. Qi, Y. Zhang, C. Liu, Hydrodynamics of a multi-stage internal loop airlift reactor, Chem. Eng. Technol. 32(1) (2009) 80-85.[31] W. Yu, T. Wang, M. Liu, Z. Wang, Bubble circulation regimes in a multi-stage internal-loop airlift reactor, Chem. Eng. J. 142(2008) 301-308.[32] Q.S. Huang, W.P. Zhang, C. Yang, Z.-S. Mao, Characteristics of multiphase flow, mixing and transport phenomena in airlift loop reactor, CIESC J. 65(20142465-2473(in Chinese).[33] B. Gandhi, A. Prakash, M.A. Bergougnou, Hydrodynamic behaviour of slurry bubble column at high solids concentrations, Powder Technol. 103(1999) 80-94.[34] S.A. Razzak, S. Barghi, J.-X. Zhu, Y. Mi, Phase holdup measurement in a gas-liquidsolid circulating fluidized bed (GLSCFB) riser using electrical resistance tomography and optical fibre probe, Chem. Eng. J. 147(2009210-218.[35] L.-S. Fan, K. Kitano, B.E. Kreischer, Hydrodynamics of gas-liquid-solid annular fluidization, AICHE J. 33(2) (1987225-231.[36] W.P. Zhang, Y.M. Yong, G.J. Zhang, C. Yang, Z.-S. Mao, Mixing characteristics and bubble behavior in an airlift internal loop reactor with low aspect ratio, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 22(6) (2014) 611-621.[37] W.A.J. van Benthum, R.G.J.M. van der Lans, M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, J.J. Heijnen, Bubble recirculation regimes in an internal-loop airlift reactor, Chem. Eng. Sci. 54(1999) 3995-4006.[38] L. Luo, Y. Xu, J. Yuan, Identification of flow regime transitions in an annulus sparged internal loop airlift reactor based on higher order statistics and Winger trispectrum, Chem. Eng. Sci. 66(2011) 5224-5235.[39] P.C. Mena, M.C. Ruzicka, F.A. Rocha, J.A. Teixeira, J. Drahos, Effect of solids on homogeneous-heterogeneous folw regime transition in bubble columns, Chem. Eng. Sci. 60(2005) 6013-6026.[40] G.Q. Yang, X. Luo, R. Lau, L.S. Fan, Bubble formation in high-pressure liquid-solid suspensions with plenum pressure fluctuation, AICHE J. 46(11) (20002162-2174.[41] E. Molina, A. Contreras, Y. Chisti, Gas holdup, Liquid circulation and mixing behaviour of viscous newtonian media in a split-cylinder airlift bioreactor, Inst. Chem. Eng. 77(199927-32.[42] M. Keshavarz Moraveji, M. Ebrahimi Fakhari, E. Mohsenzadeh, R. Davarnejad, Hydrodynamics and oxygen mass transfer in a packed bed split-cylinder airlift reactor containing dilute alcoholic solutions, Heat Mass Transf. 49(2013) 11-19.[43] M. Milivojevic, S. Pavlou, B. Bugarski, Liquid velocity in a high-solids-loading threephase external-loop airlift reactor, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 87(2012) 1529-1540.[44] H. Dhaouadi, S. Poncin, J.M. Hornut, G. Wild, Solid effects on hydrodynamics and heat transfer in an external loop airlift reactor, Chem. Eng. Sci. 61(2006) 1300-1311.[45] T. Zhang, J. Wang, Z. Luo, Y. Jin, Multiphase flow characteristics of a novel internalloop airlift reactor, Chem. Eng. J. 109(2005) 115-122.[46] J. Lin, M. Han, T. Wang, T. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Jin, Influence of the gas distributor on the local hydrodynamic behavior of an external loop airlift reactor, Chem. Eng. J. 102(2004) 51-59.[47] Q. Li, J.C. Cheng, C. Yang, Z.-S. Mao, CFD-PBE simulation of a Bubble Column by the cell average method, Chem. Eng. Technol. 40(2017) 1792-1801.[48] A. Fadavi, Y. Chisti, L. Chriastel, Bubble size in a forced circulation loop reactor, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 83(2008) 105-108.[49] T. Wang, J. Wang, W. Yang, Y. Jin, Experimental study on bubble behavior in gasliquid-solid three-phase circulating fluidized beds, Powder Technol. 137(2003) 83-90.[50] Z. Deng, T. Wang, N. Zhang, Z. Wang, Gas holdup, bubble behavior and mass transfer in a 5m high internal-loop airlift reactor with non-Newtonian fluid, Chem. Eng. J. 160(2010) 729-737.[51] T.F. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Jin, Population balance model for gas-liquid flows:Influence of bubble coalescence and breakup models, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44(19) (2005) 7540-7549.[52] J. Lin, M. Han, T.F. Wang, T. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Jin, Experimental study on the local hydrodynamic behavior of a three-phase external-loop airlift reactor, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43(18) (2004) 5432-5437. |