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本期目录
2013年 第21卷 第1期 刊出日期:2013-02-28
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催化、动力学与反应工程
Performance of V
2
O
5
-WO
3
-MoO
3
/TiO
2
Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO
x
by NH
3
高岩, 栾涛, 吕涛, 程凯, 徐宏明
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 1-7. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60434-6
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多维度评价
The V
2
O
5
-WO
3
-MoO
3
/TiO
2
honeycomb catalyst was prepared with industrial grade chemicals. The structural and physico-chemical properties were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and mercury porosimetry. The NO
x
conversion and durability were investigated on a pilot plant test set under the actual operational conditions of a coal fired boiler. The catalyst monolith had good formability with mass percentage of V:W:Mo:TiO
2
:fiber glass 1: 4.5:4.5:72:18. Vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum species were highly dispersed on anatase TiO
2
without causing the transformation of anatase TiO
2
to rutile by calcining under a current of air at 450 °C for 4.5 h, but there were some degrees of crystal distortion. The catalyst particle sizes were almost uniform with close pile-up and the pore structure was regular with complete macro-pore formation and large specific surface area. The NO
x
conversion was sensitive to temperature but nearly insensitive to NH
3
. The catalyst showed strong adaptability to NO
x
concentration with activity above 80% in the range of 615-1640 mg·m
-3
. Within the range of 720-8640 h continuous operation, the NO
x
conversion dropped at a rate of about 1% reduction per 600 h.
Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate over the Magnetic Catalysts Pd/La
1-
x
Pb
x
MnO
3
(
x
=0.2-0.7)
鲁威, 杜治平, 袁华, 田琦峰, 吴元欣
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 8-13. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60435-8
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The magnetic perovskite-supported palladium catalysts Pd/La
1-
x
Pb
x
MnO
3
(
x
=0.2-0.7) were prepared and used for the oxidative carbonylation of phenol to diphenyl carbonate. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area measurement BET, vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The experimental results demonstrated that the magnetic Pd/La
1-
x
Pb
x
MnO
3
(
x
=0.4-0.5) obtain relative better catalytic activity. It can be explained by higher concentration of oxygen vacancies, larger amount and better mobility of lattice oxygen of their support. Furthermore, these samples possess sufficient saturated magnetization. Thus, Pd/La
1-
x
Pb
x
MnO
3
(
x
=0.4-0.5) may be suitable for operation in the magnetically stabilized bed reactor.
流体力学与传递现象
Single-jet Spray Mixing with a Confined Crossflow
孙慧娟, 白博峰, 严俊杰, 张海滨
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 14-24. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60436-X
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In order to achieve uniform mixing between spray droplets and crossflow, cold-model experiment of a hollow-cone water spray in an air crossflow is investigated
via
a numerical simulation. The simulation cases are designed by using the orthogonal design method. The Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation is employed for modeling the droplets-crossflow two-phase flow while the realizable
k-ε
turbulence model is used to describe the turbulence. A new index, mixedness quality, is proposed to assess the overall mixing of the droplets in the crossflow. The simulation results demonstrate that the counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) imposes a more significant impact on the spatial distribution than on the size distribution of the droplets. Pairs of CVP with smaller scales are preferable for achieving a better mixing. The influencing factors are listed in the following order in terms of the degree of their impact from the greatest to the least: the Sauter diameter of the initial droplets, the mixing tube diameter, the spray angle, the velocity of the inlet crossflow, and the vertical velocity of the initial droplets. A moderate droplet diameter, a smaller tube diameter, a moderate spray angle, a greater crossflow velocity and a moderate vertical velocity of the droplet are favorable for achieving a higher mixedness quality of the jet spray in a confined crossflow.
Effects of Gas Temperature Fluctuation on the Soot Formation Reactions
陈莹, 张健
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 25-30. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60437-1
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The effects of gas temperature fluctuations on soot formation and oxidation reactions are investigated numerically in a reacting flow. The instantaneous variations of soot mass fraction with time are obtained under the time-averaged gas temperature of 1500-1700 K. The simulation results show that the gas temperature fluctuation has obvious influence on the instantaneous processes of soot formation and oxidation. Within the present range of gas temperature, the gas temperature fluctuation results in generally lower soot mass fraction comparing to that without gas temperature fluctuation. The increase in the fluctuation amplitude of gas temperature leads to decrease in time-averaged soot mass fraction and increase in time-averaged soot particle number density.
分离科学与工程
Extraction of Theanine from Waste Liquid of Tea Polyphenol Production in Aqueous Two-phase Systems with Cationic and Anionic Surfactants
张军伟, 王艳, 彭奇均
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 31-36. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60438-3
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)
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多维度评价
Extraction of theanine from waste liquid of tea polyphenol production was studied in aqueous surfactant two-phase system (ASTP) with cationic surfactant (CTAB) and anionic surfactant (SDS). Results indicate that the region of ASTP is narrow and there is only a two-phase region of cationic surfactant. The increase in concentrations of NaBr and Na
2
SO
4
are beneficial to the formation of ASTP. Theanine concentration in the bottom phase increases with increasing concentration of theanine, whereas the partition coefficient and extraction rate only change a little when the concentration of theanine is above 0.2 g·L
-1
. With the increase of SDS concentration, the phase ratio and the partition coefficient decrease, while the extraction efficiency of theanine increases and the concentration of theanine changes a little in the range from 2.4/7.5 to 2.8/7.2 for SDS/CTAB ratio. The temperature has a notable effect on the concentration of theanine in the bottom phase, partition coefficient and extraction rate of theanine. The increase of waste liquid decreases the phase ratio, increases the concentration and extraction rate of theanine in the bottom phase, since the protein and the saccharide enter the bottom phase with theanine.
材料与产品工程
High-yield Synthesis of Nanohybrid Shish-kebab Polyethylene-carbon Nanotube Structure
崔超婕, 骞伟中, 赵梦强, 徐光辉, 聂晶琦, 贾希来, 魏飞
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 37-43. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60439-5
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多维度评价
We report a novel method to prepare nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) structure of polyethylene (PE) and carbon nanotube (CNT). Pristine CNTs without surface modification with high concentration was effectively dispersed in xylene solution by a simple shearing method, which induces the quick crystallization of PE in xylene to form a novel NHSK structure with more dense and smaller PE kebab on CNT axis. The flocculated NHSK product was transferred quickly from the xylene solution to the ethanol solution, in order to shorten the preparation time. The freeze-drying method was used in vacuum instead of high-temperature drying to avoid the aggregation of NHSK product. These improvements allow the formation of NHSK with an absolute yield of 200 mg·h
-1
, which is 2000 folds of that reported previously. It is favorable to apply this structured material in high performance nanocomposite, by improving the compatibility of CNTs in polymer and the interfacial force between CNTs and polymer.
过程系统工程与过程安全
A New Extension Theory-based Production Operation Method in Industrial Process
徐圆, 朱群雄
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 44-54. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60440-1
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To explore the problems of dynamic change in production demand and operating contradiction in production process, a new extension theory-based production operation method is proposed. The core is the demand requisition, contradiction resolution and operation classification. For the demand requisition, the deep and comprehensive demand elements are collected by the conjugating analysis. For the contradiction resolution, the conflict between the demand and operating elements are solved by the extension reasoning, extension transformation and consistency judgment. For the operating classification, the operating importance among the operating elements is calculated by the extension clustering so as to guide the production operation and ensure the production safety. Through the actual application in the cascade reaction process of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) of a chemical plant, cases study and comparison show that the proposed extension theory-based production operation method is significantly better than the traditional experience-based operation method in actual production process, which exploits a new way to the research on the production operating methods for industrial process.
Solution of Chemical Dynamic Optimization Using the Simultaneous Strategies
刘兴高, 陈珑, 胡云卿
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 55-63. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60441-3
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An approach of simultaneous strategies with two novel techniques is proposed to improve the solution accuracy of chemical dynamic optimization problems. The first technique is to handle constraints on control variables based on the finite-element collocation so as to control the approximation error for discrete optimal problems, where a set of control constraints at element knots are integrated with the procedure for optimization leading to a significant gain in the accuracy of the simultaneous strategies. The second technique is to make the mesh refinement more feasible and reliable by introducing length constraints and guideline in designing appropriate element length boundaries, so that the proposed approach becomes more efficient in adjusting elements to track optimal control profile breakpoints and ensure accurate state and control profiles. Four classic benchmarks of dynamic optimization problems are used as illustrations, and the proposed approach is compared with literature reports. The research results reveal that the proposed approach is preferable in improving the solution accuracy of chemical dynamic optimization problem.
Novel Control Vector Parameterization Method with Differential Evolution Algorithm and Its Application in Dynamic Optimization of Chemical Processes
孙帆, 钟伟民, 程辉, 钱锋
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 64-71. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60442-5
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Two general approaches are adopted in solving dynamic optimization problems in chemical processes, namely, the analytical and numerical methods. The numerical method, which is based on heuristic algorithms, has been widely used. An approach that combines differential evolution (DE) algorithm and control vector parameterization (CVP) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed CVP, control variables are approximated with polynomials based on state variables and time in the entire time interval. Region reduction strategy is used in DE to reduce the width of the search region, which improves the computing efficiency. The results of the case studies demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Numerical Investigation on Effect of Vapor Split Ratio to Performance and Operability for Dividing Wall Column
Laleh Torab Maralani, 袁希钢, 罗祎青, 龚超, 余国琮
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 72-78. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60443-7
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Operability problem of dividing wall column (DWC) raised by vapor split was investigated by numerically analyzing four cases defined by different compositions of a three-component mixture. DWCs were firstly designed for each case by optimizing the vapor split to the two sides of the dividing wall, and then their feasibilities and total annual costs in operation were evaluated against different vapor split ratios. The analysis on the operability of the DWC for four cases was made based on two scenarios: (1) vapor split is shifted by the vapor resistance difference between the column sections in the two sides of the dividing wall and (2) the feed composition is changed. It was demonstrated that the positioning of the dividing wall and the decision on the vapor split may affect significantly the operability of a DWC.
Three Stage Equilibrium Model for Coal Gasification in Entrained Flow Gasifiers Based on Aspen Plus
孔祥东, 钟伟民, 杜文莉, 钱锋
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 79-84. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60444-9
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A three stage equilibrium model is developed for coal gasification in the Texaco type coal gasifiers based on Aspen Plus to calculate the composition of product gas, carbon conversion, and gasification temperature. The model is divided into three stages including pyrolysis and combustion stage, char gas reaction stage, and gas phase reaction stage. Part of the water produced in the pyrolysis and combustion stage is assumed to be involved in the second stage to react with the unburned carbon. Carbon conversion is then estimated in the second stage by steam participation ratio expressed as a function of temperature. And the gas product compositions are calculated from gas phase reactions in the third stage. The simulation results are consistent with published experimental data.
能源、资源与环境技术
Measurement of Two Phase Flow in Porous Medium Using High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging
蒋兰兰, 宋永臣, 刘瑜, 杨明军, 朱宁军, 王晓静, 豆斌林
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 85-93. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60445-0
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Measurement of two phase flow in porous medium for sequestration was carried out using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. The porous medium was a packed bed of glass beads. Spin echo multi sequence was used to measure the distribution of CO
2
and water in the porous medium. The intensity images show that the fluid distribution is non-uniform due to its viscosity and pore structure of porous medium. The velocity distribution of fluids is calculated from the saturation of water and porosity of porous medium. The experimental results show that fluid velocities vary with time and position. The capillary dispersion rate donated the effects of capillary, which was largest at water saturations of 0.45. The displacement process is different between in BZ-02 and BZ-2. The final water residual saturation depends on permeability and porosity.
Number Concentration of Cylindrical Particles in a Fluidized Bed
蔡杰, 赵孝保, 李奇贺, 袁竹林
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 94-103. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60446-2
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In this study, a three-dimensional model based on RANS, slender-body theory and Newton-Euler dynamics is established to study the number concentration, one of the most important fluidization characteristics of cylindrical particles. Also, the effects of interaction between cylindrical particles are taken into account by introducing the rigid collision dynamics. To validate the model, the fluidization experiments of cylindrical particles in a cold-state fluidized bed are carried out. The number concentration characteristics of cylindrical particles are obtained from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. It is found that cylindrical particles arriving at the exit of the riser the earliest come from the near-wall regions, the horizontal transfer of so many cylindrical particles from the radial centre regions to the near-wall regions is evident. Meanwhile, there is no distinct relationship between the number concentration and inlet wind velocity.
研究简报
Influence of Nonionic Surfactant Addition on Drag Reduction of Water Based Nanofluid in a Small Diameter Pipe
Michał Drzazga, Andrzej Gierczycki, Grzegorz Dzido, Marcin Lemanowicz
Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2013, 21(1): 104-108. doi:
10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60447-4
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The goal of this research was to determine the impact of nonionic surfactants on drag reduction effect in water and metal oxide nanofluid. Two nonionic surfactants (Rokacet O7 and Rokanol K7) and copper(II) oxide water-based nanofluid were examined. Friction factors in a 4 mm diameter pipe for the Reynolds number between 8000 and 50000 were determined. Results showed that addition of nonionic surfactants caused the decrease of friction factor in water and nanofluid. The drag reduction effect was similar in both cases. Presence of nanoparticles in the system has no great influence on drag reduction effect.
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期刊简介
1982年创刊 月刊
主编:费维扬
执行主编:骆广生
主管:中国科学技术协会
主办:中国化工学会/化学工业出版社有限公司
ISSN: 1004-9541
CN: 11-3270/TQ
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