Advances in the preparation process and mechanism study of high-purity anhydrous magnesium chloride from magnesium chloride hexahydrate

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2024.10.016

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 78 ›› Issue (2): 1-23.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2024.10.016

Advances in the preparation process and mechanism study of high-purity anhydrous magnesium chloride from magnesium chloride hexahydrate

Hui Ming¹, Xudong Zhang¹, Xinping Huang², Lihua Cheng³, Libo Zhang³

1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China;
2. Petrochina Karamay Petrochemical Co. Ltd, Karamay 834000, China;
3. Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Center for Corrosion and Safety in Petrochemical Industry, School of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China

Received:2024-06-05 Revised:2024-10-18 Accepted:2024-10-21 Online:2024-12-01 Published:2025-02-08
Supported by:
This research was funded by Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2022D01F60), Tianshan Talents Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2022TSYCJC0001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (22368051), Science and Technology Plan Project of Karamay (20232023hjcxrc0038 and 2024hjcxrc0118), Projects of Talents Recruitment of GDUPT (2023rcyj2005).

Advances in the preparation process and mechanism study of high-purity anhydrous magnesium chloride from magnesium chloride hexahydrate

Hui Ming¹, Xudong Zhang¹, Xinping Huang², Lihua Cheng³, Libo Zhang³

1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China;
2. Petrochina Karamay Petrochemical Co. Ltd, Karamay 834000, China;
3. Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Center for Corrosion and Safety in Petrochemical Industry, School of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China

通讯作者: Libo Zhang,E-mail:zhanglibo_gdupt@163.com
基金资助:
This research was funded by Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2022D01F60), Tianshan Talents Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2022TSYCJC0001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (22368051), Science and Technology Plan Project of Karamay (20232023hjcxrc0038 and 2024hjcxrc0118), Projects of Talents Recruitment of GDUPT (2023rcyj2005).

Abstract

Abstract: In the extraction of potassium from salt lakes, Mg is abundant in the form of bischofite (MgCl₂·6H₂O), which is not utilized effectively, resulting in the waste of resources and environmental pressure. Anhydrous MgCl₂ prepared by the dehydration of bischofite is a high-quality raw material for the production of Mg. However, direct calcination of MgCl₂·6H₂O in industrial dehydration processes leads to a large amount of hydrolysis. The by-products are harmful to the electrolysis process of Mg, causing problems such as sludge formation, low current efficiency, and corrosion in the electrodes. To obtain high-purity anhydrous MgCl₂, different advanced dehydration processes have been proposed. In this review, we focus on the recent progress of the dehydration process. Firstly, we discuss the molecular structure of MgCl₂·6H₂O and explain the reason why much hydrolysis occurs in dehydration. Secondly, we introduce the specific dehydration processes, mainly divided into direct dehydration processes and indirect dehydration processes. The direct dehydration processes are classified into gas protection heating and molecular sieve dehydration process. Indirect dehydration processes are classified into thermal dehydration of ammonium carnallite (NH₄Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O), thermal dehydration of potassium carnallite (KCl·MgCl₂·6H₂O), thermal decomposition of the [HAE]Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O, organic solvent distillation, ionic liquid dehydration process and ammonia complexation process. In the meanwhile, purity of anhydrous MgCl₂ of each dehydration process, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, is discussed. The characteristics of different processes with a simple economic budget are also given in this paper. Finally, the main challenges are evaluated with suggested directions in the future, aiming to guide the synthesis of high-purity anhydrous MgCl₂.

Key words: Qinghai salt lake, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Anhydrous magnesium chloride, Pyrolysis, Hydrolysis, Solution

摘要： In the extraction of potassium from salt lakes, Mg is abundant in the form of bischofite (MgCl₂·6H₂O), which is not utilized effectively, resulting in the waste of resources and environmental pressure. Anhydrous MgCl₂ prepared by the dehydration of bischofite is a high-quality raw material for the production of Mg. However, direct calcination of MgCl₂·6H₂O in industrial dehydration processes leads to a large amount of hydrolysis. The by-products are harmful to the electrolysis process of Mg, causing problems such as sludge formation, low current efficiency, and corrosion in the electrodes. To obtain high-purity anhydrous MgCl₂, different advanced dehydration processes have been proposed. In this review, we focus on the recent progress of the dehydration process. Firstly, we discuss the molecular structure of MgCl₂·6H₂O and explain the reason why much hydrolysis occurs in dehydration. Secondly, we introduce the specific dehydration processes, mainly divided into direct dehydration processes and indirect dehydration processes. The direct dehydration processes are classified into gas protection heating and molecular sieve dehydration process. Indirect dehydration processes are classified into thermal dehydration of ammonium carnallite (NH₄Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O), thermal dehydration of potassium carnallite (KCl·MgCl₂·6H₂O), thermal decomposition of the [HAE]Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O, organic solvent distillation, ionic liquid dehydration process and ammonia complexation process. In the meanwhile, purity of anhydrous MgCl₂ of each dehydration process, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, is discussed. The characteristics of different processes with a simple economic budget are also given in this paper. Finally, the main challenges are evaluated with suggested directions in the future, aiming to guide the synthesis of high-purity anhydrous MgCl₂.

关键词: Qinghai salt lake, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Anhydrous magnesium chloride, Pyrolysis, Hydrolysis, Solution

Hui Ming, Xudong Zhang, Xinping Huang, Lihua Cheng, Libo Zhang. Advances in the preparation process and mechanism study of high-purity anhydrous magnesium chloride from magnesium chloride hexahydrate[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 78(2): 1-23.

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Advances in the preparation process and mechanism study of high-purity anhydrous magnesium chloride from magnesium chloride hexahydrate

Advances in the preparation process and mechanism study of high-purity anhydrous magnesium chloride from magnesium chloride hexahydrate

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