Use of chemically activated cotton nut shell carbon for the removal of fluoride contaminated drinking water: Kinetics evaluation

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2014.05.019

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 710-721.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2014.05.019

• 能源、资源与环境技术 • 上一篇下一篇

Use of chemically activated cotton nut shell carbon for the removal of fluoride contaminated drinking water: Kinetics evaluation

Rajan Mariappan¹, Raj Vairamuthu², Alagumuthu Ganapathy³

1 Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India;
2 Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India;
3 PG and Research Centre of Chemistry, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi 627412, Tamil Nadu, India

收稿日期:2013-10-12 修回日期:2014-05-05 出版日期:2015-04-28 发布日期:2015-05-13
通讯作者: Rajan Mariappan
基金资助:
Supported by the University Grants Commission (UGC),Government of India,New Delhi under the Major Research Project (32-296/2006 SR).

Use of chemically activated cotton nut shell carbon for the removal of fluoride contaminated drinking water: Kinetics evaluation

Rajan Mariappan¹, Raj Vairamuthu², Alagumuthu Ganapathy³

1 Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India;
2 Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India;
3 PG and Research Centre of Chemistry, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi 627412, Tamil Nadu, India

Received:2013-10-12 Revised:2014-05-05 Online:2015-04-28 Published:2015-05-13
Contact: Rajan Mariappan
Supported by:
Supported by the University Grants Commission (UGC),Government of India,New Delhi under the Major Research Project (32-296/2006 SR).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Chemically activated cotton nut shell carbons (CTNSCs) were prepared by different chemicals and they were used for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. Effects of adsorption time, adsorbent dose, pH of the solution, initial concentration of fluoride, and temperature of the solution were studied with equilibrium, ther-modynamics and kinetics of the adsorption process by various CTNSC adsorbents. It showed that the chemically activated CTNSCs can effectively remove fluoride from the solution. The adsorption equilibrium data correlate well with the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption of fluoride by the chemically activated CTNSC is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data. The pseudo second order kinetic model provided a better correlation of the experimental data in comparison with the pseudo-first-order and intra particle diffusion models. A mechanismof fluoride adsorption associating chemisorption and physisorption processes is presented allowing the discussion of the variations in adsorption behavior between these materials in terms of specific surface area and porosity. These data suggest that chemically activated CTNSCs are promising materials for fluoride sorption.

关键词: Activated carbon, Cotton nut shell, Fluoride, Isotherm, Kinetics

Abstract: Chemically activated cotton nut shell carbons (CTNSCs) were prepared by different chemicals and they were used for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. Effects of adsorption time, adsorbent dose, pH of the solution, initial concentration of fluoride, and temperature of the solution were studied with equilibrium, ther-modynamics and kinetics of the adsorption process by various CTNSC adsorbents. It showed that the chemically activated CTNSCs can effectively remove fluoride from the solution. The adsorption equilibrium data correlate well with the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption of fluoride by the chemically activated CTNSC is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data. The pseudo second order kinetic model provided a better correlation of the experimental data in comparison with the pseudo-first-order and intra particle diffusion models. A mechanismof fluoride adsorption associating chemisorption and physisorption processes is presented allowing the discussion of the variations in adsorption behavior between these materials in terms of specific surface area and porosity. These data suggest that chemically activated CTNSCs are promising materials for fluoride sorption.

Key words: Activated carbon, Cotton nut shell, Fluoride, Isotherm, Kinetics

Rajan Mariappan, Raj Vairamuthu, Alagumuthu Ganapathy. Use of chemically activated cotton nut shell carbon for the removal of fluoride contaminated drinking water: Kinetics evaluation[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015, 23(4): 710-721.

参考文献

[1] K. Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., Vol. 10Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1980.

[2] G. Alagumuthu, M. Rajan, Equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption of fluoride onto zirconium impregnated cashew nut shell carbon, Chem. Eng. J. 158 (2010) 451-457.

[3] Umran Tezcan Un, A. Savas Koparal, Ulker Bakir Ogutveren, Fluoride removal from water and wastewater with a bach cylindrical electrode using electrocoagulation, Chem. Eng. J. 223 (2013) 110-115.

[4] T. Ruiz, F. Persin, M. Hichour, J. Sandeaux, Modelisation of fluoride removal in Donnan dialysis, J. Membr. Sci. 212 (2003) 113-121.

[5] R. Simons, Trace element removal from ash dam waters by nanofiltration and diffusion dialysis, Desalination 89 (1993) 325-341.

[6] E. Ergun, A. Tor, Y. Cengeloglu, I. Kocak, Electrodialytic removal of fluoride from water: Effects of process parameters and accompanying anions, Sep. Purif. Technol. 64 (2008) 147-153.

[7] X.L. Yu, S.R. Tong, M.F. Ge, J.C. Zuo, Removal of fluoride from drinking water by cellulose hydroxyapatite nanocomposites, Carbohydr. Polym. 92 (2013) 269-275.

[8] M.G. Sujana, R.S. Thakur, S.B. Rao, Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using alum sludge, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 206 (1998) 94-101.

[9] A.K. Chaturvedi, K.P. Yadava, K.C. Pathak, V.N. Singh, Defluoridation of water by adsorption on fly ash, Water Air Soil Pollut. 49 (1990) 51-61.

[10] D. Dang, W.M. Ding, A.G. Cheng, S.M. Liu, X. Zhang, Isotherm equation study of F adsorbed from water solution by Fe2(SO4)3-modified granular activated alumina, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 19 (4) (2011) 581-585.

[11] Y. Min, H. Takayuki, H. Nobuyuki, M. Haruki, Fluoride removal in a fixed bed packed with granular calcite, Water Res. 33 (1999) 3395-3402.

[12] T. Ali, Removal of fluoride from an aqueous solution by using montmorillonite, Desalination 201 (2006) 267-276.

[13] Q.Y. Liu, Z.Y. Liu, Carbon supported vanadia for multi-pollutants removal from flue gas, Fuel 15 (June 1, 2011) 42.

[14] G. Alagumuthu, M. Rajan, Kinetic and equilibrium studies on fluoride removal by zirconium (IV) — impregnated groundnut shell carbon, Hem. Ind. 64 (2010) 295-304.

[15] Hari Paudyal, Bimala Pangeni, Katsutoshi Inoue, Hidetaka Kawakita, Keisuke Ohto, Kedar Nath Ghimire, Hiroyuki Harada, Shafiq Alam, Adsorptive removal of trace concentration of fluoride ion from water by using dried orange juice residue, Chem. Eng. J. 844-853 (2013) 223.

[16] Bo Zhang, Chuang Zhang, Mingquan Wei, Influence of the surface and structural characteristics of activated carbons on adsorptive removal of halo-olefinic impurities from 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 22 (2014) 974-979.

[17] G. Issabayeva,M.K. Aroua, N.M.N. Sulaiman, Removal of lead fromaqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon, Bioresour. Technol. 97 (2006) 2350-2355.

[18] R. Chand-Bansa, M. Goyal, Activated Carbon Adsorption, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, 2005.

[19] J. Yang, K. Qiu, Preparation of activated carbon from walnut shells via vacuum chemical activation and their application for methylene blue removal, Chem. Eng. J. 165 (2010) 209-217.

[20] Ahmedna, W.E. Marshall, A.A. Husseiny, R.M. Rao, I. Goktepe, The use of nutshell carbons in drinking water filters for removal of trace metals, Water Res. 38 (2004) 1062-1068.

[21] V. Sivasankara, S. Rajkumar, S.Murugesh, A. Darchen, Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruit shell carbon: A calcium-rich promising adsorbent for fluoride removal from groundwater, J. Hazard. Mater. 225-226 (2012) 164-172.

[22] G.McKay, Use of Adsorbents for the Removal of Pollutants fromWastewater, 1st ed. CRC-Press, 1995.

[23] M.V. Lopez-Ramon, F. Stoeckli, C.Moreno-Castilla, F. Carrasco-Marin, On the characterization of acidic and basic surface sites on carbons by various techniques, Carbon 37 (1999) 1215-1221.

[24] I. Langmuir, The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 38 (1916) 2221-2295.

[25] H.M.F. Freundlich, Uber die adsorption in losungen, Z. Phys. Chem. 57A (1906) 385-470.

[26] W. Nigussie, F. Zewge, B.S. Chandravanshi, Removal of excess fluoride from water using waste residue from alum manufacturing process, J. Hazard. Mater. 147 (2007) 954-963.

[27] O. Redlich, D.L. Peterson, A useful adsorption isotherm, J. Phys. Chem. 63 (1959) 1054.

[28] K. Periasamy, C. Namasivam, Process development for the removal and recovery of calcium from wastewater by a low cost adsorbent, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 33 (1994) 317.

[29] Y.S. Ho, Second order kinetic model for the sorption of cadmium onto tree fern: A comparison of linear and non linear methods, Water Res. 40 (2006) 119-125.

[30] W.J. Weber, J.C. Morris, Kinetics of adsorption of carbon from solution, J. Sanit. Eng. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 33 (1963) 317.

[31] S. Venkata Mohan, N. Chandrasekhar Rao, J. Karthikeyan, Adsorptive removal of direct azo dye from aqueous phase onto coal based sorbents: A kinetic and mechanistic study, J. Hazard. Mater. B 90 (2002) 189-204.

[32] S.V. Mohan, J. Karthikeyan, Removal of lignin and tannin aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated charcoal, Environ. Pollut. 97 (1997) 183-197.

[33] S.V. Ramanaiah, S.V. Mohan, P.N. Sarma, Adsorptive removal of fluoride from aqueous phase using waste fungus (Pleurotus ostreatus 1804) biosorbent: Kinetics evaluation, Ecol. Eng. 31 (2007) 47-56.

[34] M. Islam, S.K. Swain, P.C. Mishra, R.K. Patel, Evaluation of removal efficiency of fluoride from solution using quick lime, J. Hazard. Mater. 143 (2006) 303-310.

[35] K.C. Biswas, N.A. Woodards, H. Xu, L.L. Barton, Reduction of molybdate by sulfatereducing bacteria, 222008. 131-139.

[36] A.M. Raichur, M.J. Basu, Adsorption of fluoride onto mixed rare earth oxides, Sep. Purif. Technol. 24 (2001) 121-127.

[37] Liang Lv., Jing He, Min Wei, D.G. Evans, Zhaoliang Zhou, Treatment of high fluoride concentration water by MgAl-CO₃layered double hydroxides: Kinetic and equilibrium studies, Water Res. 41 (7) (2007) 1534-1542.

[38] M. Sarkar, A. Banerjee, P.P. Pramanick, A.R. Sarkar, Use of laterite for removal of fluoride from contaminated drinking water, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 302 (2006) 432-441.

[39] S. Ghorai, K.K. Pant, Investigations on the column performance of fluoride adsorption by activated alumina in a fixed bed, Chem. Eng. J. 98 (2004) 165-173.

[40] Y.S. Ho, Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Waste Streams by Peat, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., 1995. (Ph.D. Thesis).

[41] S. Sundaram, N. Viswanathan, S. Meenakshi, Defluoridation chemistry of synthetic hydroxyapatite at nanoscale: Equilibrium and kinetic studies, J. Hazard. Mater. 155 (2008) 206-215.

[42] V.C. Srivastava, M.M. Swammy, I.D. Mall, B. Prasad, I.M. Mishra, Adsorptive removal of phenol by bagasse flies ash and activated carbon: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 272 (2006) 89-104.

[43] D. Mohan, C.U. Pittman Jr., M. Bricka, F. Smith, B. Yancey, J. Mohammad, et al., Sorption of arsenic, cadmium, and lead by chars produced from fast pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-oil production, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 310 (2007) 57-73.

[44] A.A. Khan, R.P. Singh, Adsorption thermodynamics of carbon Sn (IV) arsenosilicate in H+, Na+, and Ca+ forms, Colloids Surf. 24 (1987) 33-42.

[45] M. Horsfall, A. Spiff, Effect of temperature on the sorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution by caladium bicolor (wild cocoyam) biomass, J. Biotechnol. 8 (2005) 162-169.

[46] C. Namasivayam, R.T. Yamuna, Adsorption of direct red 12 B by biogas residual slurry: Equilibrium and rate processes, Environ. Pollut. 89 (1995) 1-7.

[47] P.M.H. Kau, D.W. Smith, P. Binning, Experimental sorption of fluoride by kaolinite and bentonite, Geoderma 84 (1998) 89-108.

[48] Y. Nakano, K. Takeshita, T. Tsutsumi, Adsorption mechanism of hexavalent chromium by redox within condensed-tannin gel, Water Res. 35 (2001) 496.

[49] S.S. Tripathy, J. Bersillon, K. Gopal, Removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption onto alum-impregnated activated alumina, Sep. Purif. Technol. 50 (2006) 310-317.

Use of chemically activated cotton nut shell carbon for the removal of fluoride contaminated drinking water: Kinetics evaluation

Use of chemically activated cotton nut shell carbon for the removal of fluoride contaminated drinking water: Kinetics evaluation

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	Yifan Jiang, Bingqi Xie, Jisong Zhang. Highly reactive and reusable heterogeneous activated carbons-based palladium catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura reaction[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 165-172.
[2]	Xiaolin Guo, Zhaoyang Zhang, Pengfei Xing, Shuai Wang, Yibing Guo, Yanxin Zhuang. Kinetic mechanism of copper extraction from methylchlorosilane slurry residue using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 228-234.
[3]	Xun Tao, Fan Zhou, Xinlei Yu, Songling Guo, Yunfei Gao, Lu Ding, Guangsuo Yu, Zhenghua Dai, Fuchen Wang. Effect of carbon dioxide on oxy-fuel combustion of hydrogen sulfide: An experimental and kinetic modeling[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 105-117.
[4]	Junyang Liu, Luming Wang, Yuhang Bian, Chunshan Li, Zengxi Li, Jie Li. Liquid-phase esterification of methacrylic acid with methanol catalyzed by cation-exchange resin in a fixed bed reactor: Experimental and kinetic studies[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 58(6): 1-10.
[5]	Wei Wang, Romain Lemaire, Ammar Bensakhria, Denis Luart. Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic modeling of the co-pyrolysis of a bituminous coal and poplar wood[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 58(6): 53-68.
[6]	Bing Liu, Yingjiao Li, Moses Arowo, Guangwen Chu, Yong Luo, Liangliang Zhang, Haikui Zou, Baochang Sun. Sulfonation of 1, 4-diaminoanthraquinone leuco by chlorosulfonic acid: Kinetics and process intensification[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 58(6): 163-169.
[7]	Xinyu Liu, Hongliang Sheng, Song He, Chunhua Du, Yuansheng Ma, Chichi Ruan, Chunxiang He, Huaming Dai, Yajun Huang, Yuelei Pan. Insight into pyrolysis of hydrophobic silica aerogels: Kinetics, reaction mechanism and effect on the aerogels[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 58(6): 266-281.
[8]	Guangyuan Chen, Tong Zhou, Meng Zhang, Zhongxiang Ding, Zhikun Zhou, Yuanhui Ji, Haiying Tang, Changsong Wang. Effects of heavy metal ions Cu²⁺/Pb²⁺/Zn²⁺ on kinetic rate constants of struvite crystallization[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 57(5): 10-16.
[9]	Feng Pan, Sugang Ma, Yu Ge, Chuanlin Fan, Qingshan Zhu. Fluidization thermal decomposition of sodium fluosilicate[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 57(5): 329-337.
[10]	Shujun Peng, Song Lei, Sisi Wen, Jian Xue, Haihui Wang. A Ruddlesden–Popper oxide as a carbon dioxide tolerant cathode for solid oxide fuel cells that operate at intermediate temperatures[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 56(4): 25-32.
[11]	Huan Xiang, Huiping Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Ying Yan. Adsorption dynamics of ethane from air in structured fixed beds with different microfibrous composites[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 53(1): 14-24.
[12]	Zhiwei Wang, Yu Zhang, Zhi Zhang, Daowei Zhou, Zhikai Cao, Yong Sha. Investigation on catalytic distillation for ethyl acetate production with different catalytic packing structures[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 53(1): 63-72.
[13]	Youqi Li, Xiaopeng Chen, Linlin Wang, Xiaojie Wei, Weijian Nong, Xuejuan Wei, Jiezhen Liang. Measurement and prediction of isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium of α-pinene + camphene/longifolene + abietic acid + palustric acid + neoabietic acid systems[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 53(1): 155-169.
[14]	Tengjie Wang, Wenkai Li, Xuehui Ge, Ting Qiu, Xiaoda Wang. Kinetics measurement of ethylene-carbonate synthesis via a fast transesterification by microreactors[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 53(1): 243-250.
[15]	Yingjie Song, Shuqi Zhong, Yingjiao Li, Kun Dong, Yong Luo, Guangwen Chu, Haikui Zou, Baochang Sun. Study on the catalytic degradation of sodium lignosulfonate to aromatic aldehydes over nano-CuO: Process optimization and reaction kinetics[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 53(1): 300-309.