Facile modification of aluminum hypophosphate and its flame retardancy for polystyrene

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2023.02.001

中国化学工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (8): 90-98.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.02.001

• Full Length Article • 上一篇下一篇

Facile modification of aluminum hypophosphate and its flame retardancy for polystyrene

Wensheng Li^1,2,3, Liangyuan Qi¹, Daolin Ye^2,3, Wei Cai^1,3, Weiyi Xing^1,3

1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
2. Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China;
3. Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215000, China

收稿日期:2022-08-31 修回日期:2023-01-25 出版日期:2023-08-28 发布日期:2023-10-28
通讯作者: Weiyi Xing,E-mail:xingwy@ustc.edu.cn
基金资助:
The research was financially supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2019448), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2480000007), the Excellent Young Scientist Training Program of USTC (KY2320000018), USTC Tang Scholar, Youth Innovation cross-team fund project of Qinghai Salt Lake Research Institute (LJCTD-2022-3). This work was partially carried out at the USTC Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication, and we thank Hai-Tao Liu for his help on micro/nanofabrication. We thank Dr. Jin Yi at the Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Sciences at USTC for their assistance with thermophysical property analysis.

Facile modification of aluminum hypophosphate and its flame retardancy for polystyrene

Wensheng Li^1,2,3, Liangyuan Qi¹, Daolin Ye^2,3, Wei Cai^1,3, Weiyi Xing^1,3

1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
2. Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China;
3. Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215000, China

Received:2022-08-31 Revised:2023-01-25 Online:2023-08-28 Published:2023-10-28
Contact: Weiyi Xing,E-mail:xingwy@ustc.edu.cn
Supported by:
The research was financially supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2019448), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2480000007), the Excellent Young Scientist Training Program of USTC (KY2320000018), USTC Tang Scholar, Youth Innovation cross-team fund project of Qinghai Salt Lake Research Institute (LJCTD-2022-3). This work was partially carried out at the USTC Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication, and we thank Hai-Tao Liu for his help on micro/nanofabrication. We thank Dr. Jin Yi at the Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Sciences at USTC for their assistance with thermophysical property analysis.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： A phosphorus-containing flame retardant, aluminum hypophosphite (AHPi), has been modified by (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550) to prepare flame-retardant polystyrene (PS). The influence of modified AHPi on the morphology and characterization was investigated, and differences in flame retardant properties of the PS/AHPi and PS/modified AHPi were compared. The PS composite can pass the vertical burning tests (UL-94 standard) with a V-0 rating when the mass content of modified AHPi reaches 20%, compared with the mass content of 25% AHPi. The element mapping of the PS composite shows that modified AHPi has better dispersion in PS than AHPi. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that adding modified AHPi can advance the initial decomposition temperature of the composite material. With the addition of modified AHPi, the decrease in peak heat release rate (pHRR) is more evident than AHPi, and the char yield of the resultant PS composites gradually increased. With the addition of 25% modified AHPi, the pHRR and total heat release of PS composites decreased by 81.4% and 37.6%. The modification of AHPi promoted its dispersion in the PS matrix and improved the char formation of PS composites. The results of real-time infrared spectrometry of PS composites, Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron analysis of the char layer indicated that modified AHPi has flame retardancy in condensed and gas phases.

关键词: Nanomaterials, Safety, Thermodynamic properties, Aluminum hypophosphite, Char formation mechanism

Abstract: A phosphorus-containing flame retardant, aluminum hypophosphite (AHPi), has been modified by (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550) to prepare flame-retardant polystyrene (PS). The influence of modified AHPi on the morphology and characterization was investigated, and differences in flame retardant properties of the PS/AHPi and PS/modified AHPi were compared. The PS composite can pass the vertical burning tests (UL-94 standard) with a V-0 rating when the mass content of modified AHPi reaches 20%, compared with the mass content of 25% AHPi. The element mapping of the PS composite shows that modified AHPi has better dispersion in PS than AHPi. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that adding modified AHPi can advance the initial decomposition temperature of the composite material. With the addition of modified AHPi, the decrease in peak heat release rate (pHRR) is more evident than AHPi, and the char yield of the resultant PS composites gradually increased. With the addition of 25% modified AHPi, the pHRR and total heat release of PS composites decreased by 81.4% and 37.6%. The modification of AHPi promoted its dispersion in the PS matrix and improved the char formation of PS composites. The results of real-time infrared spectrometry of PS composites, Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron analysis of the char layer indicated that modified AHPi has flame retardancy in condensed and gas phases.

Key words: Nanomaterials, Safety, Thermodynamic properties, Aluminum hypophosphite, Char formation mechanism

Wensheng Li, Liangyuan Qi, Daolin Ye, Wei Cai, Weiyi Xing. Facile modification of aluminum hypophosphate and its flame retardancy for polystyrene[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 90-98.

Wensheng Li, Liangyuan Qi, Daolin Ye, Wei Cai, Weiyi Xing. Facile modification of aluminum hypophosphate and its flame retardancy for polystyrene[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 60(8): 90-98.

参考文献

[1] E.D. Weil, S.V. Levchik, Flame retardants for polystyrenes in commercial use or development, J. Fire Sci. 25 (3) (2007) 241-265.
[2] X. Wang, P. Zhang, Z.C. Huang, W.Y. Xing, L. Song, Y. Hu, Effect of aluminum diethyl phosphinate on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foams, Fire Saf. J. 106 (2019) 72-79.
[3] W.Z. Hu, B. Yu, S.D. Jiang, L. Song, Y. Hu, B.B. Wang, Hyper-branched polymer grafting graphene oxide as an effective flame retardant and smoke suppressant for polystyrene, J. Hazard. Mater. 300 (2015) 58-66.
[4] Y.B. Hou, W.Z. Hu, Z. Gui, Y. Hu, Preparation of metal-organic frameworks and their application as flame retardants for polystyrene, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 56 (8) (2017) 2036-2045.
[5] Y.N. Li, Q.X. Zhou, Y.Y. Wang, X.J. Xie, Fate of tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane brominated flame retardants in soil and uptake by plants, Chemosphere 82 (2) (2011) 204-209.
[6] L.N. Chang, M. Jaafar, W.S. Chow, Thermal behavior and flammability of epoxy/glass fiber composites containing clay and decabromodiphenyl oxide, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 112 (3) (2013) 1157-1164.
[7] W. Cai, B.B. Wang, X. Wang, Y.L. Zhu, Z.X. Li, Z.M. Xu, L. Song, W.Z. Hu, Y. Hu, Recent progress in two-dimensional nanomaterials following graphene for improving fire safety of polymer (nano) composites, Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 39 (8) (2021) 935-956.
[8] Y.B. Hou, Z.M. Xu, F.C. Chu, Z. Gui, L. Song, Y. Hu, W.Z. Hu, A review on metal-organic hybrids as flame retardants for enhancing fire safety of polymer composites, Compos. B Eng. 221 (2021) 109014.
[9] X. Wang, W. Cai, D.L. Ye, Y.L. Zhu, M.L. Cui, J.C. Xi, J.J. Liu, W.Y. Xing, Bio-based polyphenol tannic acid as universal linker between metal oxide nanoparticles and thermoplastic polyurethane to enhance flame retardancy and mechanical properties, Compos. B Eng. 224 (2021) 109206.
[10] Z.M. Xu, W.Y. Xing, Y.B. Hou, B. Zou, L.F. Han, W.Z. Hu, Y. Hu, The combustion and pyrolysis process of flame-retardant polystyrene/cobalt-based metal organic frameworks (MOF) nanocomposite, Combust. Flame 226 (2021) 108-116.
[11] T. Zhang, J.C. Xi, S.L. Qiu, B.W. Zhang, Z.L. Luo, W.Y. Xing, L. Song, Y. Hu, Facilely produced highly adhered, low thermal conductivity and non-combustible coatings for fire safety, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 604 (2021) 378-389.
[12] Z.T. Yin, J.Y. Lu, N.N. Hong, W.H. Cheng, P.F. Jia, H.J. Wang, W.Z. Hu, B.B. Wang, L. Song, Y. Hu, Functionalizing Ti₃C₂T_x for enhancing fire resistance and reducing toxic gases of flexible polyurethane foam composites with reinforced mechanical properties, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 607 (2022) 1300-1312.
[13] D. Hoang, J. Kim, Synthesis and applications of biscyclic phosphorus flame retardants, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 93 (1) (2008) 36-42.
[14] J.C. Liu, Z.L. Yu, H.B. Chang, Y.B. Zhang, Y.Z. Shi, J. Luo, B.L. Pan, C. Lu, Thermal degradation behavior and fire performance of halogen-free flame-retardant high impact polystyrene containing magnesium hydroxide and microencapsulated red phosphorus, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 103 (2014) 83-95.
[15] W.W. Guo, X. Wang, Y. Pan, W. Cai, W.Y. Xing, L. Song, Y. Hu, Polyaniline-coupled graphene/nickel hydroxide nanohybrids as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for epoxy composites, Polym. Adv. Technol. 30 (8) (2019) 1959-1967.
[16] D. Price, L.K. Cunliffe, K.J. Bullett, T.R. Hull, G.J. Milnes, J.R. Ebdon, B.J. Hunt, P. Joseph, Thermal behaviour of covalently bonded phosphate and phosphonate flame retardant polystyrene systems, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92 (6) (2007) 1101-1114.
[17] S. Zhang, Y.X. Yan, W.J. Wang, X.Y. Gu, H.F. Li, J.H. Li, J. Sun, Intercalation of phosphotungstic acid into layered double hydroxides by reconstruction method and its application in intumescent flame retardant poly (lactic acid) composites, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 147 (2018) 142-150.
[18] X.D. Qian, K.S. Zheng, L.G. Lu, X.B. Wang, H.Y. Wang, A novel flame retardant containing calixarene and DOPO structures: Preparation and its application on the fire safety of polystyrene, Polym. Adv. Technol. 29 (11) (2018) 2715-2723.
[19] Y.J. Xue, M.X. Shen, F.L. Lu, Y.Q. Han, S.H. Zeng, S.N. Chen, Z.Y. Li, Z.Y. Wang, Effects of heterionic montmorillonites on flame resistances of polystyrene nanocomposites and the flame retardant mechanism, J. Compos. Mater. 52 (10) (2018) 1295-1303.
[20] Y. Sun, Y.Z. Wang, Y.B. Qing, X.Y. Wu, Z. Shi, A DOPO-base schiff derivative used as a flame retardant for polystyrene, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 137 (40) (2020) 49224.
[21] X.L. Chen, C.Y. Ma, C.M. Jiao, Enhancement of flame-retardant performance of thermoplastic polyurethane with the incorporation of aluminum hypophosphite and iron-graphene, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 129 (2016) 275-285.
[22] Y.Q. Lin, S.H. Jiang, Y. Hu, G.H. Chen, X.X. Shi, X.F. Peng, Hybrids of aluminum hypophosphite and ammonium polyphosphate: Highly effective flame retardant system for unsaturated polyester resin, Polym. Compos. 39 (5) (2018) 1763-1770.
[23] Y.W. Yan, L. Chen, R.K. Jian, S. Kong, Y.Z. Wang, Intumescence: An effect way to flame retardance and smoke suppression for polystryene, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97 (8) (2012) 1423-1431.
[24] Z.M. Zhu, W.H. Rao, A.H. Kang, W. Liao, Y.Z. Wang, Highly effective flame retarded polystyrene by synergistic effects between expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 154 (2018) 1-9.
[25] L.A. Savas, F. Hacioglu, M. Hancer, M. Dogan, Flame retardant effect of aluminum hypophosphite in heteroatom-containing polymers, Polym. Bull. 77 (1) (2020) 291-306.
[26] Y.W. Yan, J.Q. Huang, Y.H. Guan, K. Shang, R.K. Jian, Y.Z. Wang, Flame retardance and thermal degradation mechanism of polystyrene modified with aluminum hypophosphite, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 99 (2014) 35-42.
[27] W. Yang, Z.J. Jia, Y.N. Chen, Y.R. Zhang, J.Y. Si, H.D. Lu, B.H. Yang, Carbon nanotube reinforced polylactide/basalt fiber composites containing aluminium hypophosphite: Thermal degradation, flame retardancy and mechanical properties, RSC Adv. 5 (128) (2015) 105869-105879.
[28] Z.T. Yin, W. Cai, J.Y. Lu, B. Yu, B.B. Wang, L. Song, Y. Hu, Cost-effective graphite felt and phosphorous flame retardant with extremely high electromagnetic shielding, Compos. B Eng. 236 (2022) 109819.
[29] X.L. Yu, B.B. Wang, P.F. Jia, Z.T. Yin, G. Tang, X.D. Zhou, T.T. Lu, L.Y. Guo, L. Song, Y. Hu, Effects of graphene nanosheets decorated by cerium stannate on the enhancement of flame retardancy and mechanical performances of flexible polyurethane foam composites, Polym. Adv. Technol. 33 (1) (2022) 290-302.
[30] Z.T. Yin, F.K. Chu, B. Yu, B.B. Wang, Y. Hu, Hierarchical Ti₃C₂T_x@BPA@PCL for flexible polyurethane foam capable of anti-compression, self-extinguishing and flame-retardant, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 626 (2022) 208-220.
[31] L. Ahmed, B. Zhang, S. Hawkins, M.S. Mannan, Z.D. Cheng, Study of thermal and mechanical behaviors of flame retardant polystyrene-based nanocomposites prepared via in situ polymerization method, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 49 (2017) 228-239.
[32] X.L. Jiang, P.F. Ma, F. You, C. Yao, J.L. Yao, F.J. Liu, A facile strategy for modifying boron nitride and enhancing its effect on the thermal conductivity of polypropylene/polystyrene blends, RSC Adv. 8 (56) (2018) 32132-32137.
[33] J.C. Liu, M.J. Xu, T. Lai, B. Li, Effect of surface-modified ammonium polyphosphate with KH550 and silicon resin on the flame retardancy, water resistance, mechanical and thermal properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54 (40) (2015) 9733-9741.
[34] G. Tang, X. Wang, W.Y. Xing, P. Zhang, B.B. Wang, N.N. Hong, W. Yang, Y. Hu, L. Song, Thermal degradation and flame retardance of biobased polylactide composites based on aluminum hypophosphite, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (37) (2012) 12009-12016.
[35] W. Cai, Z.X. Li, X.W. Mu, L.X. He, X. Zhou, W.W. Guo, L. Song, Y. Hu, Barrier function of graphene for suppressing the smoke toxicity of polymer/black phosphorous nanocomposites with mechanism change, J. Hazard. Mater. 404 (2021) 124106.
[36] W. Cai, T.M. Cai, L.X. He, F.K. Chu, X.W. Mu, L.F. Han, Y. Hu, B.B. Wang, W.Z. Hu, Natural antioxidant functionalization for fabricating ambient-stable black phosphorus nanosheets toward enhancing flame retardancy and toxic gases suppression of polyurethane, J. Hazard. Mater. 387 (2020) 121971.
[37] Z.X. Li, S.J. Lei, J.C. Xi, D.L. Ye, W.Z. Hu, L. Song, Y. Hu, W. Cai, Z. Gui, Bio-based multifunctional carbon aerogels from sugarcane residue for organic solvents adsorption and solar-thermal-driven oil removal, Chem. Eng. J. 426 (2021) 129580.
[38] W. Cai, Y. Pan, X.M. Feng, X.W. Mu, W.Z. Hu, L. Song, X. Wang, Y. Hu, Cicada wing-inspired solar transmittance enhancement and hydrophobicity design for graphene-based solar steam generation: A novel gas phase deposition approach, Appl. Energy 320 (2022) 119322.
[39] W. Cai, Z.X. Li, Y. Pan, X.M. Feng, L.F. Han, T.Y. Cui, Y. Hu, W.Z. Hu, A novel approach simultaneously imparting well-hydrophobicity and photothermal conversion effect to polymer materials: solar-promoted absorption of organic solvents and oils, J. Hazard. Mater. 437 (2022) 129446.
[40] W. Cai, J.L. Wang, Y. Pan, W.W. Guo, X.W. Mu, X.M. Feng, B.H. Yuan, X. Wang, Y. Hu, Mussel-inspired functionalization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene: based on self-polymerization of dopamine and its suppression effect on the fire hazards and smoke toxicity of thermoplastic polyurethane, J. Hazard. Mater. 352 (2018) 57-69.
[41] X.W. Mu, X. Zhou, W. Wang, Y.L. Xiao, C. Liao, L.F. Han, Y.C. Kan, L. Song, Design of compressible flame retardant grafted porous organic polymer based separator with high fire safety and good electrochemical properties, Chem. Eng. J. 405 (2021) 126946.
[42] X.W. Mu, Z.Y. Jin, F.K. Chu, W. Cai, Y.L. Zhu, B. Yu, L. Song, Y. Hu, High-performance flame-retardant polycarbonate composites: Mechanisms investigation and fire-safety evaluation systems establishment, Compos. B Eng. 238 (2022) 109873.
[43] B. Zou, S.L. Qiu, Y.F. Zhou, Z.Y. Qian, Z.M. Xu, J.W. Wang, Y.L. Xiao, C. Liao, W.H. Yang, L.F. Han, F.K. Chu, L. Song, Y. Hu, Photothermal-healing, and record thermal stability and fire safety black phosphorus-boron hybrid nanocomposites: mechanism of phosphorus fixation effects and charring inspired by cell walls, J. Mater. Chem. A 10 (27) (2022) 14423-14434.
[44] B. Zou, S.L. Qiu, X.Y Ren, Y.F. Zhou, F. Zhou, Z.M. Xu, Z.X. Zhao, L. Song, Y. Hu, X.L. Gong, Combination of black phosphorus nanosheets and MCNTs via phosphoruscarbon bonds for reducing the flammability of air stable epoxy resin nanocomposites, J. Hazard. Mater. 383 (2020) 121069.
[45] G. Wang, S.B. Bai, Synergistic effect of expandable graphite and melamine phosphate on flame-retardant polystyrene, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 134 (47) (2017) 45474.
[46] S.S. Xiao, M.J. Chen, L.P. Dong, C. Deng, L. Chen, Y.Z. Wang, Thermal degradation, flame retardance and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite, Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 32 (1) (2014) 98-107.

Facile modification of aluminum hypophosphate and its flame retardancy for polystyrene

Facile modification of aluminum hypophosphate and its flame retardancy for polystyrene

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	Jing Huang, Honghui Cai, Qian Zhao, Yunpeng Zhou, Haibo Liu, Jing Wang. Dual-functional pyrene implemented mesoporous silicon material used for the detection and adsorption of metal ions[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 108-117.
[2]	Huiqi Wang, Jianpo Ren, Shihao Zhang, Jiayu Dai, Yue Niu, Ketao Shi, Qiuxiang Yin, Ling Zhou. Measurement and correlation of solubility of 9-fluorenone in 11 pure organic solvents from T = 283.15 to 323.15 K[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 235-241.
[3]	Sufei Wang, Mengjie Hao, Danyang Xiao, Tianmiao Zhang, Hua Li, Zhongshan Chen. Synthesis of porous carbon nanomaterials and their application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 200-209.
[4]	Shanghong Ma, Haitao Zhang, Jianbo Qu, Xiuzhong Zhu, Qingfei Hu, Jianyong Wang, Peng Ye, Futao Sai, Shiwei Chen. Preparation of waterborne polyurethane/β-cyclodextrin composite nanosponge by ion condensation method and its application in removing of dyes from wastewater[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 58(6): 124-136.
[5]	Li Xia, Yule Pan, Tingting Zhao, Xiaoyan Sun, Shaohui Tao, Yushi Chen, Shuguang Xiang. Estimating heat capacities of liquid organic compounds based on elements and chemical bonds contribution[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 57(5): 30-38.
[6]	Arnop Dutta, Md. Tuhinur R. Joy, Sk. Md. Ali Ahsan, Mansour K. Gatasheh, Dileep Kumar, Malik Abdul Rub, Md. Anamul Hoque, Mohammad Majibur Rahman, Nasrul Hoda, D.M. Shafiqul Islam. Physico-chemical parameters for the assembly of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride mixture in aqueous and alcoholic media[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 57(5): 280-289.
[7]	Shanwei Xiong, Li Zhou, Yiyang Dai, Xu Ji. Attention-based long short-term memory fully convolutional network for chemical process fault diagnosis[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 56(4): 1-14.
[8]	Aneela Sabir, Wail Falath, Muhammad Shafiq, Nafisa Gull, Maria Wasim, Karl I. Jacob. Effective desalination and anti-biofouling performance via surface immobilized MWCNTs on RO membrane[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 56(4): 33-45.
[9]	Yiming Bai, Shuaiyu Xiang, Feifan Cheng, Jinsong Zhao. A dynamic-inner LSTM prediction method for key alarm variables forecasting in chemical process[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 55(3): 266-276.
[10]	Peng Yang, Shengzhe Jia, Yan Wang, Zongqiu Li, Songgu Wu, Jingkang Wang, Junbo Gong. Dissolution behavior, thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of malonamide by experimental measurement and molecular simulation[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 53(1): 260-269.
[11]	Kang Wang, Wei Tan, Liyan Liu. “Relay-mode” promoting permeation of water-based fire extinguishing agent in granular materials porous media stacks[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 47(7): 98-112.
[12]	Guijia Cui, Hong Wang, Fengping Yu, Haiying Che, Xiaozhen Liao, Linsen Li, Weimin Yang, Zifeng Ma. Scalable synthesis of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C with high safety and ultrahigh-rate performance for sodium-ion batteries[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 46(6): 280-286.
[13]	Fu Yang, Ruyi Wang, Shijian Zhou, Xuyu Wang, Yan Kong, Shuying Gao. Mesopore-encaged V-Mn oxides: Progressive insertion approach triggering reconstructed active sites to enhance catalytic oxidative desulfuration[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 45(5): 182-193.
[14]	Yuanjie Li, Qiuxiang Yin, Meijing Zhang, Ying Bao, Baohong Hou, Jingkang Wang, Jiting Huang, Ling Zhou. Characterization and structure analysis of the heterosolvate of erythromycin thiocyanate[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 44(4): 268-274.
[15]	Mingxia Tian, Aili Wang, Hengbo Yin. Evolution of copper nanowires through coalescing of copper nanoparticles induced by aliphatic amines and their electrical conductivities in polyester films[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 44(4): 284-291.