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SCI和EI收录∣中国化工学会会刊
本期目录
2014年 第22卷 第1期 刊出日期:2014-01-05
    流体力学与传递现象
    Experimental Investigation on Turbulent Convection in Solar Air Heater Channel Fitted with Delta Winglet Vortex Generator
    Sompol Skullong, Pongjet Promvonge
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  1-10.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60030-6
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    The paper presents an experimental study on the heat transfer and flow friction characteristics in a solar air heater channel fitted with delta-winglet type vortex generators (DWs). The experiments are conducted by varying the airflow rate for Reynolds number in the range of 5000 to 24000 in the test section with a uniform heat-flux applied on the upper channel wall. Firstly, the DW pairs are mounted only at the entrance of the lower wall of the test channel (called DW-E) to create multiple vortex flows at the entry. The effect of two transverse pitches (RP=Pt/H=1 and 2) at three attack angles (α=30°, 45° and 60°) of the DW-E with its relative height, b/H=0.5 (half height of channel) is examined. Secondly, the 30° DWs with three different relative heights (b/H 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) are placed on the upper wall only (absorber plate, called DW-A) of the test channel. The experimental result reveals that in the first case, the 60° DW-E at RP=1 provides the highest heat transfer and friction factor while the 30° DW-E at RP=1 performs overall better than the others. In the second case, the 30° DW-A at b/H=0.5 yields the highest heat transfer and friction factor but the best thermal performance is found at b/H=0.4.
    分离科学与工程
    Surface Functionalization of Microporous Polypropylene Membrane with Polyols for Removal of Boron Acid from Aqueous Solution
    周蓉, 狄玲, 王苍, 方艳, 吴健, 徐志康
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  11-18.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60012-4
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    Affinity membranes are fabricated for boric acid removal by the surface functionalization of microporous polypropylene membrane (MPPM) with lactose-based polyols. The affinity is based on specific complexation between boric acid and saccharide polyols. A photoinduced grafting-chemical reaction sequence was used to prepare these affinity membranes. Poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) [poly(AEMA)] was grafted on the surfaces of MPPM by UV-induced graft polymerization. Grafting in the membrane pores was visualized by dying the cross-section of poly(AEMA)-grafted MPPM with fluorescein disodium and imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy. It is concluded that lactose ligands can be covalently immobilized on the external surface and in the pores by the subsequent coupling of poly(AEMA) with lactobionic acid (LA). Physical and chemical properties of the affinity membranes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared/Attenuated Total Refraction spectroscopy (FT-IR/ATR). 3-Aminophenyl boric acid (3-APBA) was removed from aqueous solution by a single piece of lactose-functionalized MPPM in a dynamic filtration system. The results show that the 3-APBA removal reaches an optimal efficiency (39.5%) under the alkaline condition (pH 9.1), which can be improved by increasing the immobilization density of LA. Regeneration of these affinity membranes can be easily realized through acid-base washing because the complexation of boric acid and saccharide polyol is reversible.
    Enhancing Structural Stability and Pervaporation Performance of Composite Membranes by Coating Gelatin onto Hydrophilically Modified Support Layer
    吴洪, 芦霞, 李宪实, 李奕帆, 赵翠红, 姜忠义
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  19-27.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60015-X
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    The interfacial compatibility of composite membrane is an important factor to its structural stability and separation performance. In this study, poly (ether sulfone) (PES) support layer was first hydrophilically modified with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) via surface segregation during the phase inversion process. Gelatin (GE) was then cast on the PVA-modified PES support layer as the active layer followed by crosslinking to fabricate composite membranes for ethanol dehydration. The enrichment of PVA on the surface of support layer improved interfacial compatibility of the as-prepared GE/PVA-PES composite membrane. The water contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data confirmed the surface segregation of PVA with a surface coverage density of ~80%. T-peel test showed that the maximal force to separate the support layer and the active layer was enhanced by 3 times compared with the GE/PES membrane. The effects of PVA content in the support layer, crosslinking of GE active layer and operating parameters on the pervaporative dehydration performance were investigated. The operational stability of the composite membrane was tested by immersing the membrane in ethanol aqueous solution for a period of time. Stable pervaporation performance for dehydration of 90% ethanol solution was obtained for GE/PVA-PES membrane with a separation factor of ~60 and a permeation flux of ~1910 g·m-2·h-1 without peeling over 28 days immersion.
    催化、动力学与反应工程
    Role of La2O3 as Promoter and Support in Ni/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane
    Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh, Muhammad A. Naeem, Anis H. Fakeeha, Ahmed E. Abasaeed
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  28-37.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60029-X
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    The nature of support and type of active metal affect catalytic performance. In this work, the effect of using La2O3 as promoter and support for Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in dry reforming of methane was investigated. The reforming reactions were carried out at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 500-700℃. The activity and stability of the catalyst, carbon formation, and syngas (H2/CO) ratio were determined. Various techniques were applied for characterization of both fresh and used catalysts. Addition of La2O3 to the catalyst matrix improved the dispersion of Ni and adsorption of CO2, thus its activity and stability enhanced.
    Photocatalytical Inactivation of Enterococcus faecalis from Water Using Functional Materials Based on Natural Zeolite and Titanium Dioxide
    Cornelia Bandas (Ratiu), Corina Orha, Corina Misca, Carmen Lazau, Paula Sfirloaga, Sorin Olariu
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  38-43.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60031-8
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    The functional materials based on natural zeolite (clinoptilolite), TiO2-zeolite and Ag-TiO2-zeolite have been successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction in fast-hydrothermal conditions. The obtained functional materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, DRUV-VIS (diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible) spectroscopy, BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) and SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer) analyses. The XRD results indicated that the clinoptilolite structure has a good thermal stabilization after the fast-hydrothermal treatment. Also, the high specific surface area about 92.55 m2·g-1 was noticed for Ag-TiO2-zeolite functional material. The presence of dopants was evidenced from EDX spectra. The enhanced bactericidal activity of Ag-TiO2-zeolite catalyst is proved through damaging of Enterococcus faecalis colonies under visible irradiation, at different material doses and irradiation times.
    Kinetic Study on Extraction of Red Pepper Seed Oil with Supercritical CO2
    王金艳, 王玉琪, 郑岚, 倪士峰, 范召运, 姚瑞清, 陈开勋
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  44-50.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60003-3
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    A mathematical model for extraction of red pepper seed oil with supercritical CO2 was proposed. Some factors influencing the process were investigated, including operation pressure, temperature and extraction yield Xe (%). The model was solved by the method of weighted residuals and used to simulate the process numerically. The kinetic equation is expressed as Xe=-16.8606exp(-t/9.98177)+16.95457 and the simulation results are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The optimal operating parameters are 30 MPa, 318 K and 60 min.
    过程系统工程与过程安全
    Influence of Design Margin on Operation Optimization and Control Performance of Chemical Processes
    许锋, 蒋慧蓉, 王锐, 罗雄麟
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  51-58.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60010-0
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    Operation optimization is an effective method to explore potential economic benefits for existing plants. The maximum potential benefit from operation optimization is determined by the distances between current operating point and process constraints, which is related to the margins of design variables. Because of various disturbances in chemical processes, some distances must be reserved for fluctuations of process variables and the optimum operating point is not on some process constraints. Thus the benefit of steady-state optimization can not be fully achieved while that of dynamic optimization can be really achieved. In this study, the steady-state optimization and dynamic optimization are used, and the potential benefit is divided into achievable benefit for profit and unachievable benefit for control. The fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is used for case study. With the analysis on how the margins of design variables influence the economic benefit and control performance, the bottlenecks of process design are found and appropriate control structure can be selected.
    Interaction Analysis and Decomposition Principle for Control Structure Design of Large-scale Systems
    罗雄麟, 刘雨波, 许锋
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  59-71.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60002-1
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    Industrial processes are mostly large-scale systems with high order. They use fully centralized control strategy, the parameters of which are difficult to tune. In the design of large-scale systems, the decomposition according to the interaction between input and output variables is the first step and the basis for the selection of control structure. In this paper, the decomposition principle of processes in large-scale systems is proposed for the design of control structure. A new variable pairing method is presented, considering the steady-state information and dynamic response of large-scale system. By selecting threshold values, the related matrix can be transformed into the adjoining matrixes, which directly measure the couple among different loops. The optimal number of controllers can be obtained after decomposing the large-scale system. A practical example is used to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed interaction decomposition principle in process large-scale systems.
    化工热力学
    Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Prediction of Ammonia-Ionic Liquid Working Pairs of Absorption Cycle Using UNIFAC Model
    孙光明, 黄维佳, 郑丹星, 董丽, 武向红
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  72-78.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60008-2
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    On the basis of reported experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of NH3-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (NH3-[Emim]Ac), NH3-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (NH3-[Bmim][BF4]), NH3-1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate (NH3-[Mmim]DMP) and NH3-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate (NH3-[Emim]EtOSO3) binary systems, the interaction parameters of 14 new groups have been regressed by means of the UNIFAC model. To validate the reliability of the method, these parameters have been used to calculate the VLE data with the average relative deviation of pressures of less than 9.35%. The infinite dilution activity coefficient (γ1) and the absorption potential (Ψ1) are important evaluation criterions of the affinity between working pair species of the absorption cycle. The UNIFAC model is implemented to predict the values of γ1 and Ψ1 of 16 sets of NH3-ionic liquid (IL) systems. The work found that the Ψ1 gradually increases following the impact order: Ψ1([Cnmim][BF4])<Ψ1([Cnmim]EtOSO3)<Ψ1([Cnmim]DMP)<Ψ1([Cnmim]Ac) (n=1, 2, 3,...) at a given cation of IL species and constant temperature, and <Ψ1([Mmim]X)<Ψ1([Emim]X)<Ψ1([Pmim]X)<Ψ1([Bmim]X) (X=Ac, [BF4], DMP or EtOSO3) at a given anion of IL species and constant temperature. Furthermore, the Ψ1 gradually increases with increasing temperature. Then, it could be concluded that the working pair NH3-[Bmim]Ac has the best potential research value relatively.
    A Group Contribution Method for the Correlation of Static Dielectric Constant of Ionic Liquids
    周颖, 林真, 吴可君, 徐国华, 何潮洪
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  79-88.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60009-4
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    Static dielectric constant is a key parameter to estimate the electro-viscous effect which plays important roles in the flow and convective heat transfer of fluids with ions in microfluidic devices such as micro reactors and heat exchangers. A group contribution method based on 27 groups is developed for the correlation of static dielectric constant of ionic liquids in this paper. The ionic liquids considered include imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, alkylammonium, alkylsulfonium, morpholinium and piperidinium cations and various anions. The data collected cover the temperature ranges of 278.15-343.15 K and static dielectric constant ranges of 9.4-85.6. The results of the method show a satisfactory agreement with the literature data with an average absolute relative deviation of 7.41%, which is generally of the same order of the experimental data accuracy. The method proposed in this paper provides a simple but reliable approach for the prediction of static dielectric constant of ionic liquids at different temperatures.
    Measurement and Modeling for the Solubility of Hydrogen Sulfide in Primene JM-T
    李杰, 林晓, 宁朋歌, 曹宏斌, 张懿, John C. Crittenden
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  89-97.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60016-1
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    The primary aliphatic amine Primene JM-T was investigated as a potential absorbent for H2S removal. The solubility of H2S in JM-T was measured at 298, 313, 333, 353, and 368 K with H2S partial pressures from 20 to 760 kPa and H2S loading from 0.02 to 0.8 mol H2S per mol JM-T. Relevant physical properties, such as density, viscosity and dielectric constant, of the material were measured. The thermodynamic model with two-suffix Margules equation was used to correlate the experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data. Furthermore, the absorption mechanism in non-aqueous system is suggested and the difference between non-aqueous and aqueous absorption system is pointed out.
    能源、资源与环境技术
    Production of Bio-gasoline by Co-cracking of Acetic Acid in Bio-oil and Ethanol
    王树荣, 王誉蓉, 蔡勤杰, 郭祚刚
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  98-103.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60013-6
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    Acetic acid was selected as the model compound representing the carboxylic acids present in bio-oil. This work focuses the co-cracking of acetic acid with ethanol for bio-gasoline production. The influences of reaction temperature and pressure on the conversion of reactants as well as the selectivity and composition of the crude gasoline phase were investigated. It was found that increasing reaction temperature benefited the conversion of reactants and pressurized cracking produced a higher crude gasoline yield. At 400℃ and 1 MPa, the conversion of the reactants reached over 99% and the selectivity of the gasoline phase reached 42.79% (by mass). The gasoline phase shows outstanding quality, with a hydrocarbon content of 100%.
    Steam Reforming of Dimethyl Ether by Gliding Arc Gas Discharge Plasma for Hydrogen Production
    王保伟, 孙启梅, 吕一军, 杨美琳, 闫文娟
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  104-112.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60020-3
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    Gliding arc gas discharge plasma was used for the generation of hydrogen from steam reforming of dimethyl ether (DME). A systemic procedure was employed to determine the suitable experimental conditions. It was found that DME conversion first increased up to the maximum and then decreased slightly with the increase of added water and air. The increase of total feed gas flow rate resulted in the decrease of DME conversion and hydrogen yield, but hydrogen energy consumption dropped down to the lowest as total feed gas flow rate increased to 76 ml·min-1. Larger electrode gap and higher discharge voltage were advantageous. Electrode shape had an important effect on the conversion of DME and production of H2. Among the five electrodes, electrode 2# with valid length of 55 mm and the radian of 34 degrees of the top electrode section was the best option, which enhanced obviously the conversion of DME.
    River Water Purification via a Coagulation-Porous Ceramic Membrane Hybrid Process
    张荟钦, 仲兆祥, 李卫星, 邢卫红, 金万勤
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  113-119.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60014-8
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    Membrane filtration technology combined with coagulation is widely used to purify river water. In this study, microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) ceramic membranes were combined with coagulation to treat local river water located at Xinghua, Jiangsu province, China. The operation parameters, fouling mechanism and pilot-scale tests were investigated. The results show that the pore size of membrane has small effect on the pseudo-steady flux for dead-end filtration, and the increase of flux in MF process is more than that in UF process for cross-flow filtration with the same increase of cross-flow velocity. The membrane pore size has little influence on the water quality. The analysis on membrane fouling mechanism shows that the cake filtration has significant influence on the pseudo-steady flux and water quality for the membrane with pore size of 50, 200 and 500 nm. For the membrane with pore size of 200 nm and backwashing employed in our pilot study, a constant flux of 150 L·m-2·h-1 was reached during stable operation, with the removal efficiency of turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC) and UV254 higher than 99%, 45% and 48%, respectively. The study demonstrates that coagulation-porous ceramic membrane hybrid process is a reliable method for river water purification.
    材料与产品工程
    Organotemplate-free Hydrothermal Synthesis of SUZ-4 Zeolite:Influence of Synthesis Conditions
    周华兰, 吴雅静, 张伟, 王军
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 22(1):  120-126.  doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60019-7
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    Various conditions were investigated in detail for the novel organic template-free static hydrothermal synthesis of SUZ-4 zeolite in the presence of seeds. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscope), TG (thermal gravimetric analysis), ICP (inductively coupling plasma) elemental analysis, nitrogen sorption isotherm and surface area. The results show that pure SUZ-4 zeolites with high crystallinity are obtained in a broad window of synthesis conditions: seed mass concentration 0.2%-2%, SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio 21-25, KOH/SiO2 molar ratio 0.33-0.43, H2O/SiO2 molar ratio 7.14-38.1, aging time 24 h, crystallization temperature 160℃, and crystallization time 6-10 d. Also, crystallinity and size of the rod-like SUZ-4 zeolite crystals are found to alter with the conditions.