Characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a two-stage fluidized bed

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2017.02.008

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 407-414.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.02.008

• Energy, Resources and Environmental Technology • 上一篇下一篇

Characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a two-stage fluidized bed

Yong Tian^1,2, Mengya Li^1,2, Dengguo Lai^1,2, Zhaohui Chen³, Shiqiu Gao¹, Guangwen Xu¹

1 State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

收稿日期:2017-01-02 修回日期:2017-02-19 出版日期:2018-02-28 发布日期:2018-03-16
通讯作者: Guangwen Xu
基金资助:
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB744303).

Characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a two-stage fluidized bed

Yong Tian^1,2, Mengya Li^1,2, Dengguo Lai^1,2, Zhaohui Chen³, Shiqiu Gao¹, Guangwen Xu¹

1 State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2017-01-02 Revised:2017-02-19 Online:2018-02-28 Published:2018-03-16
Contact: Guangwen Xu
Supported by:
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB744303).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Rapid pyrolysis of oil shale coupled with in-situ upgrading of pyrolysis volatiles over oil shale char was studied in a laboratory two-stage fluidized bed (TSFB) to clarify the shale oil yield and quality and their variations with operating conditions. Rapid pyrolysis of oil shale in fluidized bed (FB) obtained shale oil yield higher than the Fischer Assay oil yield at temperatures of 500-600℃. The highest yield was 12.7 wt% at 500℃ and was about 1.3 times of the Fischer Assay oil yield. The heavy fraction (boiling point N 350℃) in shale oil at all temperatures from rapid pyrolysis was above 50%. Adding an upper FB of secondary cracking over oil shale char caused the loss of shale oil but improved its quality. Heavy fraction yield decreased significantly and almost disappeared at temperatures above 550℃, while the corresponding light fraction (boiling point b 350℃) yield dramatically increased. In terms of achieving high light fraction yield, the optimal pyrolysis and also secondary cracking temperatures in TSFB were 600℃, at which the shale oil yield decreased by 17.74% but its light fraction yield of 7.07 wt% increased by 86.11% in comparison with FB pyrolysis. The light fraction yield was higher than that of Fischer Assay at all cases in TSFB. Thus, a rapid pyrolysis of oil shale combined with volatile upgrading was important for producing high-quality shale oil with high yield as well.

关键词: Oil shale, Pyrolysis, Fluidized-bed, Upgrading, Secondary cracking, Reactors

Abstract: Rapid pyrolysis of oil shale coupled with in-situ upgrading of pyrolysis volatiles over oil shale char was studied in a laboratory two-stage fluidized bed (TSFB) to clarify the shale oil yield and quality and their variations with operating conditions. Rapid pyrolysis of oil shale in fluidized bed (FB) obtained shale oil yield higher than the Fischer Assay oil yield at temperatures of 500-600℃. The highest yield was 12.7 wt% at 500℃ and was about 1.3 times of the Fischer Assay oil yield. The heavy fraction (boiling point N 350℃) in shale oil at all temperatures from rapid pyrolysis was above 50%. Adding an upper FB of secondary cracking over oil shale char caused the loss of shale oil but improved its quality. Heavy fraction yield decreased significantly and almost disappeared at temperatures above 550℃, while the corresponding light fraction (boiling point b 350℃) yield dramatically increased. In terms of achieving high light fraction yield, the optimal pyrolysis and also secondary cracking temperatures in TSFB were 600℃, at which the shale oil yield decreased by 17.74% but its light fraction yield of 7.07 wt% increased by 86.11% in comparison with FB pyrolysis. The light fraction yield was higher than that of Fischer Assay at all cases in TSFB. Thus, a rapid pyrolysis of oil shale combined with volatile upgrading was important for producing high-quality shale oil with high yield as well.

Key words: Oil shale, Pyrolysis, Fluidized-bed, Upgrading, Secondary cracking, Reactors

Yong Tian, Mengya Li, Dengguo Lai, Zhaohui Chen, Shiqiu Gao, Guangwen Xu. Characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a two-stage fluidized bed[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2018, 26(2): 407-414.

Yong Tian, Mengya Li, Dengguo Lai, Zhaohui Chen, Shiqiu Gao, Guangwen Xu. Characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a two-stage fluidized bed[J]. Chin.J.Chem.Eng., 2018, 26(2): 407-414.

参考文献

[1] X. Li, H. Zhou, Y. Wang, Y. Qian, S. Yang, Thermoeconomic analysis of oil shale retorting processes with gas or solid heat carrier, Energy 87(2015) 605-614.

[2] J. Desypris, P. Murdoch, A. Williams, Investigation of the flash pyrolysis of some coals, Fuel 61(1982) 807-816.

[3] S.D. Carter, U.M. Graham, A.M. Rubel, T.L. Robl, Fluidized Bed Retorting of Oil Shale, Springer, Netherlands, 1995.

[4] S.D. Carter, D.N. Taulbee, Fluidized bed steam retorting of Kentucky oil shale, Fuel Process. Technol. 11(1985) 251-272.

[5] J.H. Edward, K. Schluter, R.J. Tyler, Upgrading of flash pyrolysis tars to synthetic crude oil:1. First stage hydrotreatment using a disposable catalyst, Fuel 64(1985) 594-599.

[6] P.T. Williams, J.M. Nazzal, Polycyclic aromatic compounds in oils derived from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of oil shale, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 35(1995) 181-197.

[7] H. Qin, P.Y. Sun, Q. Wang, H.P. Liu, J.R. Bai, M.S. Chi, Effect of extracting wax from oil shale before retorting on shale oil, Sci. Technol. Eng. 16(2014) 49-54.

[8] H. Yu, S. Li, G. Jin, Reaction conditions for catalytic hydrotreating of diesel distillate from Fushun shale oil, Shiyou Xuebao Shiyou Jiagong/Acta Petrolei Sin. 26(2010) 403-406.

[9] A.M. Rubel, T.L. Robl, S.D. Carter, Fluidized bed gasification characteristics of Devonian oil shale char, Fuel 69(1990) 992-998.

[10] A.M. Rubel, S.M. Rimmer, R. Keogh, T.L. Robl, S.D. Carter, F.J. Derbyshire, Effect of process solids on secondary reactions during oil shale retorting, Fuel 70(1991) 1352-1356.

[11] D. Lai, Z. Chen, L. Lin, Y. Zhang, S. Gao, G. Xu, Secondary cracking and upgrading of shale oil from pyrolyzing oil shale over shale ash, Energy Fuel 29(2015) 2219-2226.

[12] S.D. Carter, M. Citiroglu, J. Gallacher, C.E. Snape, S. Mitchell, C.J. Lafferty, Secondary coking and cracking of shale oil vapours from pyrolysis or hydropyrolysis of a Kentucky Cleveland oil shale in a two-stage reactor, Fuel 73(1994) 1455-1458.

[13] W.J. Shi, Z. Wang, Y. Duan, S.G. Li, W.L. Song, Influence of shale ash on pyrolytic behaviors of oil shale, Chin. J. Process. Eng. 15(2015) 266-271.

[14] Z. Wang, S. Deng, Q. Gu, Y. Zhang, Pyrolysis kinetic study of Huadian oil shale, spent oil shale and their mixtures by thermogravimetric analysis, Fuel Process. Technol. 110(2013) 103-108.

[15] J. Yan, X. Jiang, X. Han, J. Liu, A TG-FTIR investigation to the catalytic effect of mineral matrix in oil shale on the pyrolysis and combustion of kerogen, Fuel 104(2013) 307-317.

[16] R.W. Taylor, K. Curry, M.S. Oh, T. Coburn, R.W. Taylor, K. Curry, M.S. Oh, T. Coburn, Clay-induced Oil Loss and Alkene Isomerization During Oil Shale Retorting, 1987.

[17] L. Ballice, Effect of demineralization on yield and composition of the volatile products evolved from temperature-programmed pyrolysis of Beypazari (Turkey) Oil Shale, Fuel Process. Technol. 86(2005) 673-690.

[18] P.T. Williams, H.M. Chishti, Two stage pyrolysis of oil shale using a zeolite catalyst, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 55(2000) 217-234.

[19] J.H. Richardson, E.B. Huss, L.L. Ott, J.E. Clarkson, M.O. Bishop, J.R. Taylor, L.J. Gregory, C.J. Morris, Fluidized-bed pyrolysis of oil shale:Oil yield, composition, and kinetics, NASA STI/Recon Technical Report N, 83, 1982.

[20] J.O. Jaber, S.D. Probert, P.T. Williams, Influence of particle size, grade and pyrolysis temperature on the oil yield from Jordanian oil shales, Oil Shale 16(1999) 197-221.

[21] L. Lin, C. Zhang, H. Li, D. Lai, G. Xu, Pyrolysis in indirectly heated fixed bed with internals:The first application to oil shale, Fuel Process. Technol. 138(2015) 147-155.

[22] S.M. Shih, Y.S. Hong, A mathematical model for the retorting of a large block of oil shale:Effect of the internal temperature gradient, Fuel 57(1978) 622-630.

[23] L. Lin, D. Lai, E. Guo, C. Zhang, G. Xu, Oil shale pyrolysis in indirectly heated fixed bed with metallic plates of heating enhancement, Fuel 163(2016) 48-55.

[24] Y. Zhang, Z. Han, H. Wu, D. Lai, P. Glarborg, G. Xu, Interactive matching between temperature profile and secondary reactions of oil shale pyrolysis, Energy Fuel 30(2016) 2865-2873.

[25] J.H. Campbell, G.J. Koskinas, G. Gallegos, M. Gregg, Gas evolution during oil shale pyrolysis. 1. Nonisothermal rate measurements, Fuel 59(1980) 718-726.

[26] S. Wang, J. Liu, X. Jiang, X. Han, J. Tong, Effect of heating rate on products yield and characteristics of non-condensable gases and shale oil obtained by retorting Dachengzi oil shale, Oil Shale 30(2013) 27-47.

[27] N.V. Dung, A.J. Feltenstein, R.G. Benito, N.V. Dung, A.J. Feltenstein, Processing oil shales with heavy oil recycle, 71(1992) 1505-1510.

[28] N.V. Dung, Factors affecting product yields and oil quality during retorting of Stuart oil shale with recycled shale:a screening study, Fuel 74(1995) 623-627.

[29] E.R. Bissell, A.K. Burnham, R.L. Braun, Shale oil cracking kinetics and diagnostics, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 24(1985) 381-386.

Characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a two-stage fluidized bed

Characteristics of oil shale pyrolysis in a two-stage fluidized bed

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	Lijuan Zhao, Zhe Tan, Xiaoguang Zhang, Qijun Zhang, Wei Wang, Qiang Deng, Jie Ma, De'an Pan. Research on process modeling and simulation of spent lead paste desulfurization enhanced reactor[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 60(8): 293-303.
[2]	Yuehua Liu, Lili Chen, Shoujun Liu, Song Yang, Ju Shangguan. Role of iron-based catalysts in reducing NO_x emissions from coal combustion[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 1-8.
[3]	Wei Wang, Romain Lemaire, Ammar Bensakhria, Denis Luart. Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic modeling of the co-pyrolysis of a bituminous coal and poplar wood[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 58(6): 53-68.
[4]	Xinyu Liu, Hongliang Sheng, Song He, Chunhua Du, Yuansheng Ma, Chichi Ruan, Chunxiang He, Huaming Dai, Yajun Huang, Yuelei Pan. Insight into pyrolysis of hydrophobic silica aerogels: Kinetics, reaction mechanism and effect on the aerogels[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 58(6): 266-281.
[5]	Haodi Tan, Minjiao Yang, Yingquan Chen, Xu Chen, Francesco Fantozzi, Pietro Bartocci, Roman Tschentscher, Federica Barontini, Haiping Yang, Hanping Chen. Preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons from catalytic pyrolysis of digestate[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 57(5): 1-9.
[6]	Xueguang Li, Mengyan Yu, Changfa Zhang, Xiangtong Li, Guangqing Liu, Jianjun Dai, Chunbao Zhou, Yang Liu, Jie Fu, Yingwen Zhang, Bang Yao. Co-pyrolysis of soybean soapstock with iron slag/aluminum scrap, and characterization and analysis of their products[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 53(1): 25-36.
[7]	Xinhai Zhou, Dawei Zhou, Xinhui Bao, Yang Zhang, Jie Zhou, Fengxue Xin, Wenming Zhang, Xiujuan Qian, Weiliang Dong, Min Jiang, Katrin Ochsenreither. Production of palmitoleic acid by oleaginous yeast Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193 using systematic dissolved oxygen regulation strategy[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2023, 53(1): 324-331.
[8]	Linyang Wang, Qiang Wang, Yongqi Liu, Qiuxiang Yao, Ming Sun, Xiaoxun Ma. Catalytic conversion of asphaltenes to BTXN using metal-loaded modified HZSM-5[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 49(9): 253-264.
[9]	Xingzheng Liu, Chuanbo Fu, Manting Wang, Jiexin Wang, Haikui Zou, Yuan Le, Jianfeng Chen. High-gravity technology intensified Knoevenagel condensation-Michael addition polymerization of poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) for blood-brain barrier delivery[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 46(6): 94-103.
[10]	Ning Liu, Xingping Liu, Fumin Wang, Feng Xin, Mingshuai Sun, Yi Zhai, Xubin Zhang. CFD simulation study of the effect of baffles on the fluidized bed for hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 45(5): 219-228.
[11]	He Yang, Aqiang Chen, Shujun Geng, Jingcai Cheng, Fei Gao, Qingshan Huang, Chao Yang. Influences of fluid physical properties, solid particles, and operating conditions on the hydrodynamics in slurry reactors[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 44(4): 51-71.
[12]	Xiaobin Chen, Yuting Tang, Chuncheng Ke, Chaoyue Zhang, Sichun Ding, Xiaoqian Ma. CO₂ capture by double metal modified CaO-based sorbents from pyrolysis gases[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 43(3): 40-49.
[13]	Shaoxiang Cai, Han Yan, Qiuyi Wang, He Han, Ru Li, Zhichao Lou. Top-down strategy for bamboo lignocellulose-derived carbon heterostructure with enhanced electromagnetic wave dissipation[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 43(3): 360-369.
[14]	Peter Keliona Wani Likun, Huiyan Zhang, Yuyang Fan. Improving hydrocarbons production via catalytic co-pyrolysis of torrefied-biomass with plastics and dual catalytic pyrolysis[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 42(2): 196-209.
[15]	Xiaoyi Chen, Danyang Song, Dong Zhang, Xiaogang Jin, Xiang Ling, Dongren Liu. Flow characteristics simulation of spiral coil reactor used in the thermochemical energy storage system[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2022, 42(2): 364-379.