Synthesis of magnetically separable and recyclable MnFe2O4@SiO2@NH2 nanocomposite coupled-acylated MWCNTS with enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2025.02.022

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 83 ›› Issue (7): 229-243.DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2025.02.022

Synthesis of magnetically separable and recyclable MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂ nanocomposite coupled-acylated MWCNTS with enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation

Mika Sillanpää¹, Mohammad Reza kimiaei², Soheil Balsini Gavanaroudi³, Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh⁴, Najmeh Ahmadi⁵, Davoud Balarak^6,

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa;
2 Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran;
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Youngstown State University, Ohio, United States of America;
4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Evas Faculty of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran;
5 Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;
6 Department of Environmental Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan,

Received:2024-08-06 Revised:2024-12-29 Accepted:2025-02-09 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2025-07-28
Contact: Davoud Balarak,E-mail:dbalarak2@gmail.com
Supported by:
The authors appreciate the financial and laboratory support provided by Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (Iran), making this study possible (IR.ZAUMS.REC.1401.442).

Synthesis of magnetically separable and recyclable MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂ nanocomposite coupled-acylated MWCNTS with enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation

Mika Sillanpää¹, Mohammad Reza kimiaei², Soheil Balsini Gavanaroudi³, Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh⁴, Najmeh Ahmadi⁵, Davoud Balarak^6,

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa;
2 Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran;
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Youngstown State University, Ohio, United States of America;
4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Evas Faculty of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran;
5 Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;
6 Department of Environmental Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan,

通讯作者: Davoud Balarak,E-mail:dbalarak2@gmail.com
基金资助:
The authors appreciate the financial and laboratory support provided by Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (Iran), making this study possible (IR.ZAUMS.REC.1401.442).

Abstract

Abstract: A MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂ coupled with acylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AMWCNT_S) was prepared using an easy one-step modification approach and applied for the visible light-assisted removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP). FT-IR, XRD, VSM, Raman spectrum, FE-SEM, BJH/BET, UV-Vis, and band gap analysis were used to characterize nanocomposites. In terms of CIP removal, the nanocomposites outperformed both AMWCNT_S and MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂ nanoparticles. At a pH of 7, an initial CIP concentration of 25 mg·L^-1, a reaction time of 40 min, and a catalyst dose of 0.8 g·L^-1, all of the CIP was degraded. The ratios of BOD₅/ COD (5-day biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand) and BOD₅/TOC (5-day biological oxygen demand/total organic carbon) at the beginning of the process were 0.22 and 0.71, respectively, and reached 0.755 and 1.21 at the end of the process, which signposts the conversion of non-biodegradable wastewater into biodegradable wastewater. Scavenger studies disclosed that hydroxyl radicals and holes had the greatest effect on the degradation of CIP. The toxicity of the final effluent was also investigated with E. coli bacteria, and the results showed a very good effect of the process in the field of effluent sterilization. Equilibrium data fully followed first-order kinetics, with a reaction rate constant of 0.109 min^-1. Also, the half-life for the complete degradation of CIP was equal to 6.8 min. The CIP removal efficiency still remained at 9.4% in the five cycles. MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂@AMWCNTS gave a pronounced potential for eliminating CIP from aqueous environment.

Key words: MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂@AMWCNT_S, Ciprofloxacin, Degradation, Toxicity, Catalyst, Photochemistry

摘要： A MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂ coupled with acylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AMWCNT_S) was prepared using an easy one-step modification approach and applied for the visible light-assisted removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP). FT-IR, XRD, VSM, Raman spectrum, FE-SEM, BJH/BET, UV-Vis, and band gap analysis were used to characterize nanocomposites. In terms of CIP removal, the nanocomposites outperformed both AMWCNT_S and MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂ nanoparticles. At a pH of 7, an initial CIP concentration of 25 mg·L^-1, a reaction time of 40 min, and a catalyst dose of 0.8 g·L^-1, all of the CIP was degraded. The ratios of BOD₅/ COD (5-day biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand) and BOD₅/TOC (5-day biological oxygen demand/total organic carbon) at the beginning of the process were 0.22 and 0.71, respectively, and reached 0.755 and 1.21 at the end of the process, which signposts the conversion of non-biodegradable wastewater into biodegradable wastewater. Scavenger studies disclosed that hydroxyl radicals and holes had the greatest effect on the degradation of CIP. The toxicity of the final effluent was also investigated with E. coli bacteria, and the results showed a very good effect of the process in the field of effluent sterilization. Equilibrium data fully followed first-order kinetics, with a reaction rate constant of 0.109 min^-1. Also, the half-life for the complete degradation of CIP was equal to 6.8 min. The CIP removal efficiency still remained at 9.4% in the five cycles. MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂@AMWCNTS gave a pronounced potential for eliminating CIP from aqueous environment.

关键词: MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂@AMWCNT_S, Ciprofloxacin, Degradation, Toxicity, Catalyst, Photochemistry

Mika Sillanpää, Mohammad Reza kimiaei, Soheil Balsini Gavanaroudi, Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh, Najmeh Ahmadi, Davoud Balarak. Synthesis of magnetically separable and recyclable MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂ nanocomposite coupled-acylated MWCNTS with enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 83(7): 229-243.

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Synthesis of magnetically separable and recyclable MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂ nanocomposite coupled-acylated MWCNTS with enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation

Synthesis of magnetically separable and recyclable MnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@NH₂ nanocomposite coupled-acylated MWCNTS with enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation

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